1、2004 Prentice Hall,18-1,Chapter 18: International Financial Management,International Business, 4th Edition Griffin & Pustay,2004 Prentice Hall,18-2,Chapter Objectives_1,Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the major forms of payment in international trade Identify the primary types of foreign
2、-exchange risk faced by international businesses Describe the techniques used by firms to manage their working capital,2004 Prentice Hall,18-3,Chapter Objectives_2,Evaluate the various capital budgeting techniques used for international investments Discuss the primary sources of investment capital a
3、vailable to international businesses,2004 Prentice Hall,18-4,Financial Issues in International Trade,Which currency to use for the transaction When and how to check credit Which form of payment to use How to arrange financing,2004 Prentice Hall,18-5,Method of Payment,Payment in advance Open account
4、Documentary collection Letters of credit Credit cards Countertrade,2004 Prentice Hall,18-6,Forms of Drafts,Sight draft: requires payment upon transfer of title to the goods from the exporter to the importer Time draft: extends credit to the importer by requiring payment at some specified time Date d
5、raft: specifies particular date,2004 Prentice Hall,18-7,Figure18.1 Using a Sight Draft,2004 Prentice Hall,18-8,Documentation for Letters of Credit,Export licenses Certificates of product origin Inspection certificates,2004 Prentice Hall,18-9,Types of Letters of Credit,Advised letter of credit Confir
6、med letter of credit Irrevocable letter of credit Revocable letter of credit,2004 Prentice Hall,18-10,Figure 18.2 Using a Letter of Credit,2004 Prentice Hall,18-11,Countertrade,Occurs when a firm accepts something other than money as payment for its goods or services Forms Barter Counterpurchase (pa
7、rallel barter) Buy-back Offset purchase,2004 Prentice Hall,18-12,Map 18.1 Countertrade by Marc Rich,2004 Prentice Hall,18-13,Table 18.1 Payment Methods for International Trade,2004 Prentice Hall,18-14,The Itaipu Dam the Parana River between Brazil an Paraguay,2004 Prentice Hall,18-15,Foreign-Exchang
8、e Exposure,Transaction exposure Translation exposure Economic exposure,2004 Prentice Hall,18-16,Transaction Exposure,Financial benefits and costs of an international transaction can be affected by exchange rate movements that occur after the firm is legally obligated to complete the transaction Tran
9、sactions Purchase of goods, services, or assets Sales of goods, services, or assets Extension of credit Borrowing of money,2004 Prentice Hall,18-17,Options for Responding to Transaction Exposure,Go naked Buy forward currency Buy currency future Buy currency option Acquire an offsetting asset,2004 Pr
10、entice Hall,18-18,Political uncertainty can affect transaction exposure,2004 Prentice Hall,18-19,Go Naked,Benefits No capital outlay Potential for capital gain if home currency rises in value,Costs Potential for capital loss if home currency falls in value,2004 Prentice Hall,18-20,Buy Forward Curren
11、cy,Benefits Elimination of transaction exposure Flexibility in size and timing of contract,Costs Fees to banks Lost opportunity for capital gain if home currency rises in value,2004 Prentice Hall,18-21,Buy Currency Future,Benefits Elimination of transaction exposure Ease and relative inexpensiveness
12、 of futures contracts,Costs Small brokerage free Inflexibility in size and timing of contract Lost opportunity for capital gain if home currency rises in value,2004 Prentice Hall,18-22,Buy Currency Option,Benefits Elimination of transaction exposure Potential for capital gain if home currency rises
13、in value,Costs Premium paid up front for option because of its “heads I win; tail I dont lose” nature Inflexibility in size and timing of option,2004 Prentice Hall,18-23,Acquire Offsetting Asset,Benefits Elimination of transaction exposure,Costs Effort or expense of arranging offsetting transaction
14、Lost opportunity for capital gain if home currency rises in value,2004 Prentice Hall,18-24,Translation Exposure,Impact on the firms consolidated financial statements of fluctuations in exchange rates that change the value of foreign subsidiaries as measured in the parents currency Reduce translation
15、 exposure through the use of a balance sheet hedge,2004 Prentice Hall,18-25,Economic Exposure,Impact on the value of a firms operations of unanticipated exchange rate changes Affects all areas of operations Management of economic exposure involves analyzing likely changes in exchange rates,2004 Pren
16、tice Hall,18-26,Map 18.3 Changes in Currency Values Relative to the U.S. $, July 2003,2004 Prentice Hall,18-27,Management of Working Capital,Corporate Financial Goals Minimizing working-capital balances Minimizing currency conversion costs Minimizing foreign-exchange risk,2004 Prentice Hall,18-28,Fi
17、gure 18.3 Payment Flows Without Netting,2004 Prentice Hall,18-29,Evaluating Investment Projects,Net Present Value Internal Rate of Return Payback period,2004 Prentice Hall,18-30,Net Present Value Approach,A dollar today is worth more than a dollar in the future Estimate the cash flows the project wi
18、ll generate and then discount them back to the present,2004 Prentice Hall,18-31,Other Factors to Consider When Using Net Present Value Approach,Risk Adjustment Choice of Currency Whose Perspective: Parents or Projects?,2004 Prentice Hall,18-32,Before investing $500 million in this Chilean copper mine, Placer Dome carefully analyzed the risks,2004 Prentice Hall,18-33,Figure 18.4 Internal Sources of Capital for International Businesses,
