欢迎来到麦多课文档分享! | 帮助中心 海量文档,免费浏览,给你所需,享你所想!
麦多课文档分享
全部分类
  • 标准规范>
  • 教学课件>
  • 考试资料>
  • 办公文档>
  • 学术论文>
  • 行业资料>
  • 易语言源码>
  • ImageVerifierCode 换一换
    首页 麦多课文档分享 > 资源分类 > PPT文档下载
    分享到微信 分享到微博 分享到QQ空间

    Chapter 10- Classification of Microorganisms.ppt

    • 资源ID:379513       资源大小:502KB        全文页数:18页
    • 资源格式: PPT        下载积分:2000积分
    快捷下载 游客一键下载
    账号登录下载
    微信登录下载
    二维码
    微信扫一扫登录
    下载资源需要2000积分(如需开发票,请勿充值!)
    邮箱/手机:
    温馨提示:
    如需开发票,请勿充值!快捷下载时,用户名和密码都是您填写的邮箱或者手机号,方便查询和重复下载(系统自动生成)。
    如需开发票,请勿充值!如填写123,账号就是123,密码也是123。
    支付方式: 支付宝扫码支付    微信扫码支付   
    验证码:   换一换

    加入VIP,交流精品资源
     
    账号:
    密码:
    验证码:   换一换
      忘记密码?
        
    友情提示
    2、PDF文件下载后,可能会被浏览器默认打开,此种情况可以点击浏览器菜单,保存网页到桌面,就可以正常下载了。
    3、本站不支持迅雷下载,请使用电脑自带的IE浏览器,或者360浏览器、谷歌浏览器下载即可。
    4、本站资源下载后的文档和图纸-无水印,预览文档经过压缩,下载后原文更清晰。
    5、试题试卷类文档,如果标题没有明确说明有答案则都视为没有答案,请知晓。

    Chapter 10- Classification of Microorganisms.ppt

    1、Chapter 10: Classification of Microorganisms,Phylogeny: The Study of Evolutionary Relationships of Living Organisms Over 1.5 million different organisms have been identified to date.Many similarities among living organisms:Made up of cells surrounded by a plasma membrane.Use ATP as energy source.Sto

    2、re genetic information as DNA.Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.Both differences and similarities among organisms are caused by natural selection (Darwin, 1858).Organisms can be classified into taxonomic categories (taxa), based on the differences and similarities among them.,Phylogeny: Th

    3、e Study of Evolutionary Relationships of Living Organisms Ancient Greeks classified all living organisms into two groupsKingdom PlantaeKingdom Animalia In 1850s bacteria and fungi were incorrectly placed in the Plant Kingdom. In 1860s Kingdom Protista was proposed to include bacteria, fungi, algae,

    4、and protozoa, but many scientists still classified bacteria and fungi as plants. Intense disagreement over classification of bacteria and fungi persisted over 100 years.,Phylogeny: The Study of Evolutionary Relationships of Living Organisms In 1930s electron microscopy made it clear that bacterial c

    5、ells lacked a nucleus. The term procaryote was introduced in 1937.In 1959 Kingdom Fungi was established.In 1961 the current definition of the term procaryote was established.In 1968 the Kingdom Procaryotae was accepted by biologists.In 1969 Robert Whitaker proposed a five-kingdom system of biologica

    6、l classification for all living organisms.,Five-Kingdom System of Biological ClassificationProposed in 1969 by Robert Whitaker : 1. Kingdom Procaryotae (Monera): Oldest known cells. Lived over 3.5 billion years ago. Lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. The other four kingdoms are eucaryotes

    7、. Have a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles. 2. Kingdom Protista: Mostly unicellular, lack tissue organization. Most have flagella during life. 3. Kingdom Fungi: May be unicellular (yeasts) or multicellular (molds). Many are saprotrophs. 4. Kingdom Plantae: Multicellular, photosynthetic. 5.

    8、Kingdom Animalia: Multicellular, heterotrophs that ingest food through a mouth or oral cavity.,Five-Kingdom Classification System,Differences Between Eucaryotic and Procaryotic CellsProcaryotes Eucaryotes Cell size 0.2-2 um in diameter 10-100 um in diameter Nucleus Absent Present Membranous Organell

    9、es Absent Present Cell Wall Chemically complex When present, simple Ribosomes Smaller (70S) Larger (80S) in cell70S in organelles DNA Single circular Multiple linearchromosome chromosomes (histones) Cell Division Binary fission Mitosis,Procaryotes: Lack Nucleus and Membrane-Bound Organelles,Phylogen

    10、y The Three Domain SystemDomain: In 1978 Carl Woese proposed this level of classification above kingdom.There are three domains based on the following distinguishing criteria: Cell wall composition Membrane lipids RNA sequence Protein synthesis Antibiotic sensitivity I. Domain Eubacteria: “True bact

    11、eria”. II. Domain Archaeabacteria: “Ancient bacteria” III. Domain Eucarya: All eucaryotes: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.,Phylogeny: The Three Domain SystemRecent developments in molecular biology and biochemistry have revealed that there are two types of procaryotic cells, based on differe

    12、nces in their ribosomes, cell walls, and metabolism. 1. Eubacteria: “True bacteria”. Cell wall contains peptidoglycan. Sensitive to antibiotics. 2. Archaeabacteria: “Ancient bacteria”Cell walls lack peptidoglycan, resistant to antibiotics. Live in extreme environmentsThree kingdoms: 1. Methanogens:

    13、Strict anaerobes that produce methane. 2. Extreme Halophiles: Require high salt concentrations. 3. Thermoacidophiles: Live in hot, acidic environments.,Phylogenetic Relationships of Procaryotes,Classification of Organisms Scientific Nomenclature Scientific nomenclature: Universal system for naming a

    14、nd classifying living organisms. Initially developed in the 18th century by Carl Linnaeus.Binomial nomenclature: Each organism (species) has a two part name. Names are either italicized or underlined.Genus name: Always capitalized, always a noun. May use initial.species name: Always lower case, usua

    15、lly an adjective.Names are usually derived from Latin (or Greek) or may have latinized endings. Examples: Homo sapiens (H. sapiens): HumanPenicillium notatum (P. notatum): Mold that produces penicillinCanis familiaris (C. familiaris): Domestic dog,Classification of Organisms Hierarchy of Taxonomic C

    16、ategories DOMAIN Kingdom Phylum or Division (Bacteria)ClassOrderFamilyGenusspecies,Taxonomic Categories,Division (Bacteria),Classification of Bacteria Scientific Nomenclature Bacterial species: Population of cells with similar characteristics.Bacterial strain: A subgroup of a bacterial species that

    17、has distinguishing characteristics. Identified by numbers, letters, or names that follow the scientific name.Escherichia coli O157:H7: Strain that causes bloody diarrhea.Bergeys Manual: Provides a reference for identifying and classifying bacteria.Classification initially based on cell morphology, s

    18、taining, metabolism, biochemistry, serology, etc.More recently, DNA, RNA, and protein sequence analysis are being used to study evolutionary relationships.,Classification of VirusesViruses are not considered living organisms by most biologists, because they lack cells and their own anabolic machinery. Obligate intracellular parasites. Must have evolved after their host cell evolved.Viral species: Population of viruses with similar characteristics that occupies a particular ecological niche.MorphologyGenesEnzymes,


    注意事项

    本文(Chapter 10- Classification of Microorganisms.ppt)为本站会员(赵齐羽)主动上传,麦多课文档分享仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知麦多课文档分享(点击联系客服),我们立即给予删除!




    关于我们 - 网站声明 - 网站地图 - 资源地图 - 友情链接 - 网站客服 - 联系我们

    copyright@ 2008-2019 麦多课文库(www.mydoc123.com)网站版权所有
    备案/许可证编号:苏ICP备17064731号-1 

    收起
    展开