1、Ch. 15 - Heterosexism, Homophobia and Lesbians In Sport,By Pat Griffin Notes from Women in Sport, Greta Cohen, Ed.,Heterosexism,The cultural assumption that only heterosexual relationships are normal and acceptable Same sex relationships not accorded the same respect or institutional recognition and
2、 protectionJustifies denial of civil rights,Sport Leaders Choose,Sport leaders have an opportunity to assist others in sport to overcome prejudices. To learn about, and respect social groups different from their own, and To work together across differences toward common team goals, or To perpetuate
3、stereotypes and social injustice,Why Address Heterosexism in Womens Sport?,To counteract fear, prejudice, and inappropriate shame For a safe, fair, and respectful environment Discrimination & harassment not addressed Targets of hate crime End shame and isolation & self-destruction Set an example of
4、tolerance for differences,Research On Heterosexism & Lesbians In Sport,Carol Oglesby (1999): Lesbians in sport are moral exemplars Brenda Pitts: Center for Studying Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People in Sport (FSU) Todd Crosset (1995) gender expectations and sexuality on the LPGA tour Council on LGBT
5、A Issues at AAHPERD There is a growing body of knowledge,Q&A: Stereotypes & Lesbians in Sport,Participation in sport encourage women to become lesbians? Why do some women athletes look so masculine? Are Lesbian coaches or athletes more likely to seduce or sexually harass other female athletes? Why c
6、ome out? Why cant they just keep it to themselves? Arent Lesbians poor role models for young women in sport?,Ways Lesbian Athletes & Coaches Are Discriminated Against,“I dont allow lesbians on my teams.” Lesbians kicked off the team Playing time decreased ADs sometimes do not hire presumed lesbians
7、Negative recruiting Shunning Excluded from team social events Pressured to hide in the closet Forbidden to join school Gay student clubs,How else?,Forbidden to wear clothes, stickers, or buttons that identify one as Lesbian Sometimes Christian athletes or coaches tell Lesbian athletes that they are
8、sinners and condemned to heal. Sometimes Christian athletes repeatedly invite a perceived Lesbian to prayer meetings that explain their religious beliefs about homosexuality.,Ways of “Managing Lesbian Identities”,Pass for heterosexual Covering or concealing Lesbian identity from others The Five-Year
9、 Plan Coming Out Vigilance,Alternative Sport Opportunities for Lesbians,Lesbian and Gay sport teams in most large cities Gay Games (established in 1982) Gay Games V (1998) Amsterdam: 15,000 people from 68 countries Still a need for schools, sport organizations and professional sport to address discr
10、imination,Addressing Heterosexism in Womens Sports?,Education Enact non-discrimination and anti-harassment policies Coaches can lead team discussion about how we should treat each other across differences such as sexual orientation, race, and religion Create an atmosphere of respect and tolerance Sp
11、eak out against anti-gay slurs, jokes, stereotypes,Signs Of Change,Several professional women athletes have publicly identified themselves as Lesbians King & Navratilova lost sponsors and fan support In the last 10 years coming out hasnt cost these women as much: Devlin, Sheehan, Giove, Blazejowski,
12、 Mauresmo Individual sports, late in career, white women,Educational Programs Exist in the World of Sport,Womens Basketball Coaches Association National Softball Coaches Association American Volleyball Coaches Association Increasing numbers of high schools and colleges are sponsoring workshops on this topic for coaches and athletes Gay-Straight Alliances or school clubs,NCAA To Address Heterosexism,Women at AAHPERD working to get NCAA aboardNAGWS of AAHPERD has non-discrimination policy,
