1、CASAGRAS and The Internet of Things Prof Anthony Furness European Centre of Excellence for AIDC,Summary,CASAGRAS (Coordination And Support Action for Global RFID-related Activities and Standardisation ) aim:,To provide an incisive framework of foundation studies that can assist in influencing and ac
2、commodating international issues and developments concerning radio frequency identification (RFID) and the emerging Internet of Things, particularly with respect to standards and regulations,CASAGRAS General Objectives:,To provide: A platform for international collaboration on all aspects of standar
3、ds and regulations relating to RFID and The Internet of Things A framework and supporting documentation for incisive and analytical review of international RFID standards Recommendations with respect to international standardisation and regulatory developments for RFID Recommendations with respect t
4、o applications methodologies and positioning Recommendations for future research and development and international collaboration Recommendations to encourage participation of SMEs An on-going collaborative research platform for RFID,CASAGRAS Work packages:,Standards and Procedures for International
5、Standardisation in relation to RFID, including applications and conformance standards Regulatory issues in respect of RFID standards Global coding systems in relation to RFID standards RFID in relation to Ubiquitous Computing and Networks Functional, including sensory, developments in RFID and Assoc
6、iated Standards Areas of Application, existing and future, and associated Standards Socio-economic components of RFID Usage,CASAGRAS (Coordination And Support Action for Global RFID-related Activities and Standardisation ) working with,European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) Supply Ch
7、ain Innovation Centre (Hong Kong, China) YRP Ubiquitous Networking Laboratory (Japan) Electronics and Telecommunication Research Institute (ETRI, Korea) QED (USA company specialising in international standardisation) AIM (UK) and European Centre for AIDCAlso collaborating with GRIFS (Global RFID Int
8、eroperability Forum for Standards, EPoSS (European Technology Platform on Smart Systems Integration and a number of sub-contractors),CASAGRAS and The Internet of Things- Interim ReportJustifying the Inclusive Model European Union and International Perspective Physical Real World Awareness Analysing
9、the Concept of Connected Objects Influence of Ubiquitous Computing and Networking Influence of Mobile and Fixed Communications The Internet and the Internet of Things Global Inclusion The Role of RFID in the Internet of Things Standards and Regulations for Spectrum AllocationCASAGRAS Reference Point
10、 Target,The Internet of Things,The Internet of Things is a concept originally coined and introduced by MIT, Auto-ID Center and intimately linked to RFID and electronic product code (EPC)“ all about physical items talking to each other”Like RFID it is a concept that has attracted much rhetoric, misco
11、nception and confusion as to what it means and its implications in a social context,The concept of the Internet of Things is now being influenced strongly by developments in computing and network ubiquity and developments in the next generation Internet - and considered at all levels including Unite
12、d Nations “We are heading into a new era of ubiquity, where the users of the Internet will be counted in billions, and where humans may become the minority as generators and receivers of traffic. Changes brought about by the Internet will be dwarfed by those prompted by the networking of everyday ob
13、jects “ UN report,The concept is also central to Commission thinking on RFID and associated research funding in Europe“ a new phase of the Information Society the Internet of Things in which the web will not only link computers but potentially every object created by mankind.” Viviane Reding On RFID
14、: The next step to The Internet of Things Lisbon Conference 2007Even in concept some thought has to be given to the implications of such statements in respect of population-partitioning of identifiable objects and connectivity dynamics Analysis of the Concept!,The Internet of Things* (2007 Commissio
15、n view):,The Internet of Things viewed as a network for communicating devices and based upon four degrees of sophistication, involving: Purely passive devices (RFID) that yield fixed data output when queried Devices with moderate processing power to format carrier messages, with the capability to va
16、ry content with respect to time and place Sensing devices that are capable of generating and communicating information about environment or item status when queried Devices with enhanced processing capability that facilitate decisions to communicate between devices without human intervention introdu
17、cing a degree of intelligence into networked systems* European Commission (2007) From RFID to the Internet of Things Pervasive networked systems,The EPCglobal Network Architecture draws further attention to these needs, and to additional requirements for achieving an Internet of Things including: Re
18、aders and Reader Protocol Interface to deliver raw tag data from readers to supporting middleware Middleware to accumulate and filter raw tag data reads Application Layer Events (ALE) Interface to deliver consolidated, filtered tag read data from middleware to a local application. EPC Capturing Appl
19、ication to recognise the occurrence of EPC-related business events, and deliver them as EPC Information Service (EPCIS) data. EPCIS Capture interface to provide a path for communicating EPC events EPCIS Repository to record EPCIS-level events EPCIS Query Interface to provide a means whereby an EPCIS
20、 accessing application can request EPCIS data from an EPCIS repository or an EPCIS capturing application and the means whereby the result is returned.,The EPCglobal dimension,EPCIS-Accessing Application software to facilitate overall enterprise business processes, such as warehouse management, shipp
21、ing, and receiving and so forth aided by EPC-related data. Local ONS to fulfil ONS lookup requests for EPCs within the control of the enterprise that operates the local ONS, ie EPCs for which the enterprise is the EPC manager. EPCIS Accessing Application an EPCIS-enabled application of a trading par
22、tner. Tag Data Translation Schema to provide a machine-readable file that defines how to translate between EPC encodings defined by the EPC Tag Data Specification. Manager Number Assignment to ensure global uniqueness of EPCs by maintaining uniqueness of EPC Manager Numbers assigned to EPCglobal Sub
23、scribers. Object Name Service Root a service that, given an EPC, can return a list of network accessible service endpoints that relate to the EPC concerned. EPC Discovery Service(s) a search engine for EPC related data. Subscriber Authentication to be determined. The EPC Namespace adds further dimen
24、sion to this and the prospect of accommodating other numbering systems and the identification of other types of data carrier than RFID.,The EPCglobal dimension,Mega Trends in Information & Communications Technology (ICT) SAP Research International Research Forum 2006 27 academics, technologists, pol
25、icymakers, entrepreneurs and associated intellectuals to question, discuss, debate and frame the future of information and communication technologies (ICT) Outcome: Megatrend 1: Web 2.0 and the semantic web Megatrend 2: IT Security Megatrend 3: Real World Awareness (RWA) “great promise of RWA agreed
26、 to be automation systems will be able to collect data without human intervention or errors and use it to react to events more quickly and effectively” Megatrend 4:IT as a Tool for Growth and Development Relevant to the “Internet of Things” Architecture must accommodate the connectivity of the Inter
27、net and next generation developments (addressing in the process the inherent limitations),The Internet and the Internet of Things,The BLED Declaration1 and other supporting statements, assert that the Internet of Things is expected to be an integral part of the next or future generation Internet Ser
28、vice-oriented architecture (SOE), exploiting integration with Internet and interfacing with wide ranging edge technologies and associated networks is a key objective.,1. Revision 1.1 of the BLED Future Internet Manifesto (08-02-2008),Principal challenges: Disconnect between logical and physical worl
29、ds Lack of interoperability structural and semantic heterogeneityLimitations of Enterprise application integration (EAI) for enterprise-wide and inter-enterprise integrationDevelopments in information integration schema integration, semantic mediation and ontology merging more intelligent search eng
30、ines,CASAGRAS (Coordination And Support Action for Global RFID-related Activities and Standardisation ) adopting a fully inclusive model for the Internet of Things:,Embracing a fully inclusive range of edge technologies, including RFID for interfacing with the physical world Exploiting evolving obje
31、ct-connected data capture technologies and networking capabilities sensory, location, local communication and security Exploiting existing and evolving communications and mobility structures Integration with the evolving Internet,Ontology for Identification,Internet of Things - at its most basic lev
32、el,Internet of Things including RFID carrier variants,Internet of Things including other edge technologies,CASAGRAS (Coordination And Support Action for Global RFID-related Activities and Standardisation ) adopting a fully inclusive model for the Internet of Things, embracing:,Exploiting Web service
33、 and Grid service concepts Exploiting the Service Oriented Architecture (SOE) Exploiting Unique Item Identifier (UII) concepts and namespace resolver to accommodate legacy coding schemes for identification (incl. EPC, URL) Viewing the needs for governance, quality of services, security, privacy and
34、other socio-economic issues,Identification and Namespace resolvers,Unique Item Identifier (UII),Discovery Services,URL,OID,EPC,Namespace Resolver,Web Domain,Object Space Identifiers,Data carrier ID + data payload and cost considerations,Fixed and mobile communication protocols,CASAGRAS consideration
35、s of layered structure and need for associated standards:,Object space analysis, network structures and applications Identification and edge technologies for automatic data capture and UDAP hardware bus Emerging web services model and SOE in respect of the Internet of Things software bus Discovery S
36、ervices model based upon universal description, discovery and integration (UDDI) registry model Grid service open architecture for collaborative computing and one-to-many services model,Time - line Data Carrier Principles Object-attendant ICT,CASAGRAS considerations of layered structure and need for
37、 associated standards:,RFID and communications-based RFID standards and regulations Fixed and mobile network standards and regulations RFID Sensory and sensor network standards Integration standards,Global identification coding and namespace considerations to accommodate legacy systems are key, as a
38、re governance and data exchange structures, security, privacy and associated standardsWherein RFID?,European Commission and RFID Expectations,RFID seen as a precursor to the “Internet of Things” RFID seen as a potential platform for linking “world of production with the “world of service” RFID seen
39、a means of making items “smart”, capable of being networked together and able to communicate with their environment far reaching and requiring qualification RFID seen as a vehicle for creating opportunities for new business models that will take advantage of a global network in which any object can
40、be linked to any context RFID seen as a vehicle for a wide range of applications,Data Transfer and Communications,Internet & Internet of Things,ISO/IEC Standards developments courtesy Praxis Consultants,Realising the Internet of Things at its most engaging level is clearly a complex and challenging
41、goal but with the prospect of offering a substantial platform for applications, innovation and wealth creation Providing the concept is better definedCASAGRAS in collaboration with GRIFS is helping to define the structure and standards for a truly international networkCERP can have a significant inp
42、ut into the standards considerations,CASAGRAS Work packages:,Standards and Procedures for International Standardisation in relation to RFID, including applications and conformance standards Regulatory issues in respect of RFID standards Global coding systems in relation to RFID standards RFID in relation to Ubiquitous Computing and Networks Functional, including sensory, developments in RFID and Associated Standards Areas of Application, existing and future, and associated Standards Socio-economic components of RFID Usage,Discussion,
