1、ACRL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,1,AACR3: Redefining a Standard for the 21st Century,Matthew Beacom, Yale UniversityJohn Attig, Penn State UniversityJennifer Bowen, University of Rochester,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,2,Overview for Todays
2、Panel,Why change the rules this way now?Redesigning the rules for descriptionIts all about access,ACRL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,3,These Old Rules,From AACR2 to Resource Description and AccessMatthew Beacom, Yale University Matthew.beacomyale.edu,ARCL 12th National Conf
3、erence,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,4,Outline for “These Old Rules”,A metaphor for rule revision Why change the rules? Goals Why change the rules? Background Who is revising the rules? How are the rules being revised? When will be new rules be available? What changes are being made?,ARCL 12th Nati
4、onal Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,5,This Old House: A Metaphor for the New Rules,Remodel, not restore, not raze the house Repair, modernize, extend Meet new uses and old Prepare for future uses Work on schedule & within budget Rearrange some furniture for now Later, get new furniture A
5、house is always a work-in-progress,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,6,Why Change the Rules? Goals,To Modernize Produce descriptions for online environment Provide for access & collocation in online tools To Simplify & Clarify Reduce compartmentalization (universalize rule
6、s) Modernize wording & concepts Reduce inconsistencies Ground rules in principles not practices Explicitly relate principles & objectives to the rules,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,7,Why Change the Rules? Background,Social & technological changes Digital Age Internet:
7、a distribution revolution Rise of metadata Library responses FRBR Toronto conference on future of AACR AACR3,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,8,Who is Changing the Rules?,The AACR communities Australia, Canada, UK, US Ongoing collaborative revision process The JSC & the C
8、OP The Strategic Plan New authority to lead change The Editor & the Secretary Dedicated staff to complement volunteers,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,9,How the Rules are Changing,The process Draft the new rules Review & comment Re-draft the rules One piece at a time Des
9、cription (Part 1) Choice of access points (Part 2) Form of access points (Part 3),ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,10,When Will the Rules be Available?,Rules to the publisher December 2006 Rules to the market Summer 2007 Rules in what formats? Print Web Catalogers Desktop
10、?,ACRL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,11,Redesigning the Rules for Bibliographic Description,Part 1 of AACR3: Resource Description and AccessJohn Attig, Penn State University jxa16psulias.psu.edu,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,12,Overview,Object
11、ives of the revision of Part 1 Outline of the revised rules for description Features of the revised rules,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,13,Bibliographic Description,Description supports the IDENTIFY and SELECT user tasks Descriptive data allows users to IDENTIFY releva
12、nt resources and SELECT the most useful A bibliographic description consists of data elements that serve these functions,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,14,Objectives for the revision of Part 1 of AACR3,Redesign of the rules for description To support the user tasks To p
13、romote correct application by catalogers To enhance ease of use by catalogers To support the exercise of cataloger judgment Rules should allow for application to all resources Description should continue to focus on describing the “item-in-hand”,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8
14、, 2005,15,Major problem in AACR2: “class of materials” concept,Part 1 of AACR2 organized into chapters for different “classes of materials” Classes not logically defined Mixture of content and carrier Overlapping definitions Redundant, even conflicting rules Inflexible categories Difficult to apply
15、to new media,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,16,First Task: Consistency,Make the rules as consistent as possible Match up the rules in each chapter Identify those that are consistent in all Remove inconsistent rules if possible Remove redundant rules Where rules are cons
16、istent for all materials, move those rules to Chapter 1 Identify the scope of all special rules,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,17,Vision for Using Part 1,General rules (Chapter 1) should always be consulted first General rules should direct catalogers to any special rul
17、es that might be needed for particular types of material Special rules should be applied in the light of the general rules,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,18,General rules for description,General rules will promote consistency will be applied to all resourcesGeneral rule
18、s will enhance flexibility will be applicable even to new media for which no special rules have been included,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,19,Features of Part 1 of AACR3,Three sections Section A. General Rules Section B. Supplementary rules based on content Section C.
19、 Supplementary rules based on medium,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,20,Section A. General rules,Organized by ISBD areas Consist of rules applicable to all resources regardless of content or medium Begin with general rules for deciding what you are cataloging and selecti
20、ng the sources of information general transcription rules applicable to all transcribed data,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,21,Section B. Supplementary rules based on content,Divided into seven chapters: Chapter B1. Text Chapter B2. Musical Notation Chapter B3. Cartogra
21、phic Resources Chapter B4. Graphics Chapter B5. Three-Dimensional Resources Chapter B6. Sound Chapter B7. Moving Images,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,22,Section B. Supplementary rules based on content,Continued need for supplementary rules based on mode of expression o
22、r type of content Supplementary chapters contain only the supplementary rules, keyed by rule number to the general rules in Chapter 1 Relatively few supplementary rules in Section B,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,23,Section C. Supplementary rules based on medium,Divided
23、 into seven chapters: Chapter C1. Printed and Graphic Media Chapter C2. Micrographic Media Chapter C3. Tactile Media Chapter C4. Three-Dimensional Media Chapter C5. Audio Media Chapter C6. Projected Media Chapter C7. Digital Media,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,24,Secti
24、on C. Supplementary rules based on media,Comprises rules for technical description (Area 5) and related notes General rules for technical description are very brief; there are few truly general rules here Chapters in Section C are more extensive than those in Section B Revisions in Section C are amo
25、ng the most controversial in the draft and are still under discussion,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,25,Other Features of revised Part 1,FRBR terminology Manifestation used when appropriate Item used only in the FRBR sense Resource used as a general term for the object
26、of the description item in AACR2 Work and Expression will be used in Parts II and III,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,26,Other Features of revised Part 1,General Material Designation Draft calls for two separate elements within the GMD to contain terms identifying conten
27、t and carrier/medium ALA has recommended that the GMD no longer be part of the title area, but instead be an independent area of the description ALA has recommended that the terms for content and carrier be repeatable Moving towards a faceted description of the nature of the resource, suitable for d
28、isplay and for access,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,27,Other Features of revised Part 1,More consistent terminology “Transcribe” used for transcribed data; “record” for other data Data may be “supplied” (from other sources) or “devised” (by the cataloger) Language indi
29、cating the application of judgment more consistent: “if considered to be important”,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,28,Other Features of revised Part 1,Navigational features Numbering relates the supplementary rules to the corresponding general rule References are provid
30、ed forward from the general rule to any relevant supplementary rule Both references and the supplementary rules clearly identify the scope of the rules References are provided between general rules (in particular) and between related supplementary rules,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN,
31、 April 8, 2005,29,Other Features of revised Part 1,Tables may be included in the general rules to summarize the supplementary rules, e.g. Rules for sources of information Rules for specific material designations The use of Abbreviations in the description is being reconsidered,ARCL 12th National Con
32、ference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,30,Summary,More robust general rules More consistency among rules Better categories for special rules, clearer scope of application More consistent and meaningful language More flexibility of application, particularly to new types of media,ACRL 12th National Co
33、nference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,31,Its All About Access:,Parts 2 and 3 of AACR3: Resource Description and AccessJennifer Bowen, University of Rochester Jbowenlibrary.rochester.edu,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,32,Arrangement of Rules,AACR2,AACR3,Part 1: Descrip
34、tion,Part 2: Access,Part 1: Description,Part 2: Choice of Access Points,Part 3: Authority Control,Introductions,Introductions,Access,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,33,Rules for Access in AACR3 Topics for Today,Status of work on AACR3 Parts 2 and 3 Changes planned for Pa
35、rts 2 and 3 and why Why do we still need rules for Access?,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,34,Proposed Timeline for AACR3 Parts 2 and 3,Part 2 (Choice of Access Points) May-Sept. 2005: draft available for review by JSC constituencies and rule-makers October 2005 discusse
36、d by JSC Part 3 (Authority Control): Nov. 2005-Mar. 2006: draft available for review by JSC constituencies and rule-makers April 2006 discussed by JSC Fall 2006: Final drafts of Parts 2 and 3,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,35,Goals for AACR3 (Access),Modernize card cata
37、log “holdovers” Terminology Card-based rules“Rule of Three” (make optional) Implement FRBR Clarify rules, relationships Improve collocation Address how a catalog should function,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,36,Updated Terminology,AACR2 terms Heading Main Entry Added E
38、ntry Uniform title,New terms Access point Primary Access point Secondary Access point Citation: Access point For a work For an expression,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,37,FRBR: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records,Relates bibliographic data to user tasks:F
39、indIdentifySelectObtain,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,38,Proposals for Part 2,Use FRBR terminology to clarify choice of primary/secondary access points for works/expressions contained within the resource being cataloged Functions of the Catalog What should the catalog
40、enable a user to do? Based on IFLA Statement of International Cataloguing Principles,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,39,From IFLA Functions of the Catalogue Enable a User to Locate (Find):,A single resource Sets of resources representing all resources belonging to the sa
41、me: Work Expression of a work Manifestation All works and expressions of a given person, family, or corporate body All resources on a given subject All resources defined by other criteria (correspondents, court cases, etc.),ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,40,Plans for Pa
42、rt 3: Authority Control,Form of access points (AACR2 Ch.22-25) Integrates AACR2 Chapter 26 (References) into other chapters Rules for creating authority records Clarify rules for Uniform Titles(=Citations) Collocation, Identification/Differentiation Expand to include Expression-Level Citations,ARCL
43、12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,41,FRBR Group 1 Entities,Work ExpressionManifestationItem,Goethes “Faust” L. Filmores English translation of Faust As published by W. Smith, 1847 The copy owned by my library,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,42,Acces
44、s Points for Expressions in AACR3 (Proposal),Add elements to the end of a work-level citation (uniform title) to identify and differentiate expressions Expandable as needed to collocate very large files Could uniquely identify expressions or (more likely) function as “guide-cards”,ARCL 12th National
45、 Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,43,Possible Additions to Work Citations for Expressions,Language Edition statement Mode of expression (e.g. Sound) Date of expression: date of performance, translation, etc. Name of editor, translator, performer (show relationship to FRBR Group 2 entity),AR
46、CL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,44,Possible Citations for Expressions (Examples),Melville, Herman. Moby Dick. Abridged ed. Homer. Iliad. English (Pope) Berlioz, Hector, 1803-1869. Symphonie fantastique. Sound (Solti) Order of elements, punctuation still being discussed!,AR
47、CL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,45,Possible Uses for Citations for Expressions,Useful for small, but important, subsets of library materials Large collections in a specific area Many expressions of the same work Many manifestations of the same expressionMore specific relat
48、ed-work citations (related expression citations),ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,46,Why Citations for Expressions in AACR3?,Tool for catalogers to improve functionality of an online catalog for certain materials/collections Reaffirms importance of collocation at the expr
49、ession level within the overall functionality of the catalog.,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,47,Why Authority Control in AACR3?,Make concept of authority control more accessible/understandable To new catalogers To other communities To system designers Articulate the rol
50、e of authority control in fulfilling the functions of the catalog,ARCL 12th National Conference,Minneapolis, MN, April 8, 2005,48,Why Keep Rules for Access in AACR3 when ,Catalog users prefer keyword searching OPAC heading searches are inflexible, hard to navigate results, seldom used Authority control is very expensive for libraries Google works without authority control Why Bother?,
