1、,TRANSPORT OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS BY ROAD,CDG 2009 Practical Application Trevor Moseley University of SheffieldRSC Radioactivity and the Law October 2009,Where our Regs come from,IAEA Basic Safety Standards Equivalent to EU BSS IAEA TS-R-1 , 2009 Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive M
2、aterials ADR 2009 European Agreement for International Carriage of Dangerous Goods CDG 2009 (SI 2009 No.1348) Carriage of Dangerous Goods and use of Transportable Pressure Equipment Regulations,Scope what is excluded,The regulations do not apply to the transport of radioactive materials - within the
3、 perimeter of an enclosed area in the body of a person or animal in instruments of war in luminous watches and devices in the vehicle in natural materials and ores covered by a derogation,Derogations - radioactives,Approved Derogations and Transitional Provisions www.dft.gov.uk/426155/approvedderoga
4、tions.pdf Derogation for commercial products (domestic use) Excludes up to 500 smoke detectors and 5 GTLDs Derogation re carriage of FXs For up to 10 packages with sum of TI 3 Alternative to orange plates Use of cab notice in vehicles 3.5 tonnes carrying up to 10 packages with sum of TI 3 Derogation
5、 re crossing of public roads Permits transport between private premises separated by a public road with partial exemption from ADR requirements i.e. DGSA, placarding, documentation, some driver training.,EXEMPTION LIMITS,CLASSIFICATION OF EXCEPTED PACKAGES,See ADR 2.2.7.2 UN 2910 - limited quantity
6、of material UN 2908 - empty packaging UN 2909 - articles made from nat U or dep U, or nat Th. UN 2911 - instruments and articles,Excepted Package limited quantity of materials,See Table 2.2.7.2.4.1.2 of ADR NB surface dose-rate 5uSv/h.,Excepted Package Requirements,Exempt from: security provisions,
7、vehicle placarding, radioactive warning labels, instructions in writing, need for a DGSA. No restriction on loading/unloading in a public place. Provisions re training, radiation protection programme & QA programme should be proportionate to the risk.,Main Provisions for Excepted Packages,Detailed i
8、n ADR 1.7.1.5 and covered in Ch 5 on consignment procedures Mixed packing allowed see ADR 5.1.4 Markings should be visible, legible and permanent resistant to the elements Mark on UN number and consignor or consignee details Mark weight if 50kg Mark orientation arrows for liquids n/a if 120ml and pa
9、cked with absorbent material Mark as radioactive on internal surface Has to withstand routine transport conditions,Basic Design Requirements for Routine Transport,Full details can be found in 6.4.2 of ADR Easily and safely transported and securely stowed External surfaces can be easily decontaminate
10、d Prevent collection and retention of water Withstand reasonable amount of movement in back of a van (routine transport) Contents should be compatible with packaging Withstand normal range of temps and pressures NB additional requirements for air transport Take note of any other dangerous properties
11、 Other dangerous properties take precedence,Transport Documents for Excepted Packages,Only require provisions of ADR 5.4.1.1.1 a) UN Number g) name and address of consignor h) name and address of consignee However would recommend a signed shippers declaration e.g. I hereby declare that the contents
12、of this consignment are fully and accurately described by proper shipping name, and are classified, packed, marked and labelled, and are in all respects in proper condition for transport by road according to the applicable international governmental regulations,Example excepted package,Screw top or
13、tight fitting lid giving a good sealAbsorbent material at least twice the volume in the tubesScrew-topped tubes taped with radioactive tapePacking of polystyrene or tissues etcSample tubes containing excepted amounts of radioactivityStrong plastic or metal tub,GE Healthcare excepted package,Air Tran
14、sport excepted package,Radioactive Material, Excepted Package This package contains radioactive material,excepted package and is in all respects in compliance with the applicable international and national governmental regulations. UN _ The information for this package need not appear on the Notific
15、ation to Captain (NOTOC),PerkinElmer excepted package,Type A, IP, LSA & SCO (see ADR Table 2.2.7.2.1.1),UN 2915 RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL, TYPE A PACKAGE, non special form, non fissile or fissile excepted UN 3332 RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL, TYPE A PACKAGE, SPECIAL FORM, non fissile or fissile excepted UN 2912
16、RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL, LOW SPECIFIC ACTIVITY, (LSA-I), non fissile or fissile excepted UN 2913 RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL, SURFACE CONTAMINATED OBJECTS, (SCO-I or SCO-II), non fissile or fissile excepted,Type A Package Limits,See: ADR 2.2.7.2.4.4 & Table 2.2.7.2.2.1,LSA low specific activity,LSA-I-iv Other
17、 radioactive material, activity distributed throughout, av up to 30x exempt conc values.,SCO surface contaminated objects (ADR 2.2.7.2.3.2),SCO-I Non-fixed contamination 4 Bq/cm2 (b, g & low toxicity alphas) 0.4 Bq/cm2 (other alphas) Fixed contamination 4 x 104 Bq/cm2 (b, g & low toxicity alphas) 4
18、x 103 Bq/cm2 (other alphas) SCO-II Non-fixed contamination 400Bq/cm2 (b, g & low toxicity alphas) 40 Bq/cm2 (other alphas) Fixed contamination 8 x 105 Bq/cm2 (b, g & low toxicity alphas) 8 x 104 Bq/cm2 (other alphas),IP packaging of waste (ADR 6.4.5),Type IP-1 Should be designed to contain radioacti
19、ve contents under routine transport conditions Type IP-2 & IP-3 Protect against loss or dispersal and loss of shielding under normal conditions of transport Shipping waste under exclusive use LSA-I or SCO-I use IP-1 container LSA-II or SCO-II use IP-2 container NB can ship waste in excepted packages
20、,Waste transported as excepted packages,Lockable lidBagged labelled waste240L wheelie binBin identifierTransport label,IP and Type A (ADR 6.4.5 6.4.7),IP-1 Minimum external dimension of 10cm IP-2 As above + withstand dropping tests and stacking tests IP-3 & Type A (no liquids) As above + security se
21、al, securely closed containment system, temperature and pressure resistance, design in accordance with approved standards etc. Type A (liquids) As above + more stringent drop test and penetration test + minimum 2 levels of containment Absorbent material, 2 x volume of liquid contents,Testing of Pack
22、ages,Tests for Normal Transport,Water spray test 5cm rain in an hour Free drop test Height dependent on mass, testing possible weak points Stacking test over 24 hours Penetration test metal rod 3.2cm diameter weighing 6kgSee ADR 6.4.15 & 6.4.16 for full details,Transport Documents for Type A package
23、s etc,See ADR 5.4.1 & 5.4.1.2.5 for full details,Transport Index,Determination of TI:- dose-rate at 1m in uSv/h 10 (mrem/h),Example Type A package,Push fit lids should be taped and screw fit lids should be taped and the seal initialled when despatching a package to another establishmentPackingSnap-t
24、op plastic tub or taped lead pot as appropriate (marked radioactive)Absorbent material 2 x volume in vialVial containing stock solutionFoam padStrong plastic or metal tub Minimum outer dimension of 10cm,Training For All - ADR 1.3,General awareness training Function specific training Radiation hazard
25、 awareness Safe handling and emergency responseTraining to be documented and details kept by employer and employee,Level of Training for Drivers,Transport of excepted packages ADR 1.3 + basic need to know training with record kept by employer and employee Transport of excepted packages and up to 10
26、Type A (sum of TI3) Certificated training by employer covering duties under HASAW Act, CDG2009 and hazard awareness etc Transport of higher activities and quantities 2 day City & Guilds course for VTC valid for 5 years,Need to Know ADR (8.1),Need to Know ADR (8.3 & 8.4),QUALITY ASSURANCE ADR 1.7.3,Q
27、A Programme to a standard acceptable to competent authority (DfT) Certification that design specification has been fully implemented See European Package Design Safety Reports Guide Issue 1 (June 2008) Packaging designed for repeat use is inspected, repaired and maintained in good condition,QUALITY
28、ASSURANCE,IAEA SAFETY SERIES No.113 (1994) Quality Assurance for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material IAEA SAFETY GUIDE TS-G-1.4 (2008) The Management System for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material. Management system includes: quality control of products, quality assurance and quality m
29、anagement.,QUALITY ASSURANCE,Policy Statement Nature and Scope of Activities Organisational Structure Document Control/Records Instrument and Test Control Procedure Control Staffing and Training Audits,ENFORCEMENT by HSE AUDITS by DfT,DfT or their agents will Monitor design, manufacture & testing of
30、 packages Audit QA programmes of consignors & carriers Witness transport operations Starting to look at some small user operations HSE now responsible for enforcement Provide useful information in online guidance to ADR and the Carriage Regulations see http:/www.hse.gov.uk/cdg/manual/index.htm,RAM TRANSPORT in the future.,DFT trying to make things simpler ADR and IAEA recommendations getting closer together More collaboration within EU Less frequent issuing of regulationsTrevor Moseley: t.j.moseleyshef.ac.uk,
