1、Designation: D7032 17Standard Specification forEstablishing Performance Ratings for Wood-PlasticComposite and Plastic Lumber Deck Boards, Stair Treads,Guards, and Handrails1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7032; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
2、oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers procedures to establish aperfor
3、mance rating for wood-plastic composite and plasticlumber for use as exterior deck boards, stair treads, guards, andhandrails. The purpose of this specification is to establish abasis for code recognition of these products or systems inexterior applications. The products addressed in this specifica-
4、tion are considered combustible.NOTE 1While wood-plastic composites contain wood or other cellu-losic materials, the presence of wood or other cellulosic materials inplastic lumber is not required by this specification. Due to non-woodmaterials in wood-plastic composites and plastic lumber the struc
5、tural,physical, fire, and other attributes may not be similar to those of wood.1.1.1 The plastic component of wood-plastic compositesand plastic lumber covered by this specification shall consistprimarily of thermoplastics.1.2 Deck boards, stair treads, guards, and handrails coveredby this specifica
6、tion are permitted to be of any code compliantshape and thickness (solid or non-solid).1.3 Wood-plastic composites and plastic lumber are pro-duced in a broad range of fiber and/or resin formulations. It isrecognized that the performance requirements in this specifi-cation are valid for any material
7、 or combination of materialsused as deck boards, stair treads, guards, or handrails.1.4 Details of manufacturing processes are beyond thescope of this specification.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to
8、 SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and det
9、ermine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.1.7 Table of Contents:SectionScope 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3General Requirements 4Sampling 4.1Sample Size 4.2Conditioning 4.3Flexural Tests 4.4Temperature and Moisture Effects 4.5Ultraviolet (UV) Resistance Test 4.6Freeze-T
10、haw Resistance Test 4.7Biodeterioration Tests 4.8Fire Performance Tests 4.9Deck Board Performance Requirements 5General 5.1Flexural Performance Tests 5.2Determination of the Unadjusted AllowableLoad5.3Creep-Recovery Test 5.4Mechanical Fastener Holding Tests 5.5Slip Resistance Test 5.6Guard and Handr
11、ail PerformanceRequirements6General 6.1Guardrail System Test Requirements 6.2One- and Two-Family DwellingRequirements6.2.1.1Handrail Test Requirements (ConcentratedLoad)6.3Report 7Independent Inspection 8Manufacturing Standard 9Precision and Bias 10Keywords 11Two-Span Test Method Annex A1Commentary
12、Appendix X11This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Woodand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.02 on Lumber and EngineeredWood Products.Current edition approved March 1, 2017. Published April 2017. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved
13、 in 2015 as D7032 15. DOI:10.1520/D7032-17.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decisio
14、n on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.11.8 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization es
15、tablished in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-uctsD198
16、 Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in StructuralSizesD790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-alsD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1037 Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Mater
17、ialsD1413 Test Method for Wood Preservatives by LaboratorySoil-Block Cultures (Withdrawn 2016)3D1554 Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber and Par-ticle Panel MaterialsD1761 Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners in WoodD1929 Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperatureof PlasticsD1972 Practice
18、 for Generic Marking of Plastic Products(Withdrawn 2014)3D2017 Test Method ofAccelerated Laboratory Test of Natu-ral Decay Resistance of Woods (Withdrawn 2014)3D2047 Test Method for Static Coefficient of Friction ofPolish-Coated Flooring Surfaces as Measured by theJames MachineD2394 Test Methods for
19、 Simulated Service Testing of Woodand Wood-Base Finish FlooringD2565 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics In-tended for Outdoor ApplicationsD2915 Practice for Sampling and Data-Analysis for Struc-tural Wood and Wood-Based ProductsD3345 Test Method for Laboratory Evaluation of SolidWood for Re
20、sistance to TermitesD4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-alsD4092 Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic MechanicalPropertiesD4761 Test Methods for Mechanical Properties of Lumberand Wood-Base Structural MaterialD5764 Test Method for Evaluating Dowel-Bearing Strengthof Wood and Wood-
21、Based ProductsD6109 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastic Lumber and Related ProductsD6662 Specification for Polyolefin-Based Plastic LumberDecking BoardsE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE108 Test Methods for Fire Tests of R
22、oof CoveringsE1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke ReleaseRates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Con-sumption CalorimeterF1679 Test Method for Using a Variable Incidence Tribom-eter (VIT) (Withdrawn 2006)3G154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV)Lamp Apparatus for Exp
23、osure of Nonmetallic Materials2.2 Other References:AWPA Standard E1 Standard Method for Laboratory Evalu-ation for Determination of Resistance to SubterraneanTermites4AWPA Standard E10 Standard Method of Testing WoodPreservatives by Laboratory Soil-Block Cultures42009 International Building Code Int
24、ernational CodeCouncil, Inc.52009 International Residential Code International CodeCouncil, Inc.53. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology used to describe WPCs aredefined in Terminologies D9, D883, D1554, and D4092,Practice D1972, and Classification D4000.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This St
25、andard:3.2.1 center-point loada flexure test where the load comesin contact with the test specimen at a location that is12 the testspan.3.2.2 guarda building component or a system of buildingcomponents located at or near the open sides of elevatedwalking surfaces that minimizes the possibility of a
26、fall fromthe walking surface to a lower level.3.2.3 handraila rail intended for grasping by the hand forguidance or support.3.2.4 plastic lumbera manufactured product made primar-ily from plastic materials (filled or unfilled), typically used asa building material, which is usually rectangular in cr
27、oss-section.3.2.5 quarter-point loadinga flexure test where the loadcomes in contact with the test specimen at two locations, eachof which is located at14 the span from the specimen loadsupport.3.2.5.1 DiscussionFor example, quarter-point loading fora test specimen on a 24-in. (610-mm) span would ha
28、ve twoequal loads contact the test specimen each located 6 in. in fromthe test specimen load support. The distance between the twopoints of load would be 12 in. (305 mm).3.2.6 span ratingan index number that identifies the testspan used in all structural load testing, which is the maximumcenter-to-c
29、enter support spacing for the specified end use, and2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last
30、 approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American Wood-Preservers Association (AWPA), P.O. Box361784, Birmingham, AL 35236-1784, http:/.5Available from International Code Council (ICC), 5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite600, Falls Church, VA 22041-3401, http:
31、/www.intlcode.org.D7032 172allowable design capacity, in pounds per square foot (lbf/ft2(kNm2), determined in accordance with this specification.3.2.6.1 DiscussionFor example, a deck span rating of16100 recognizes the deck board for installation perpendicularto the floor joists spaced a maximum of 1
32、6 in. (406 mm) oncenter, and for supporting the load combinations required bythe applicable code, which in this case cannot exceed 100lbf/ft2(4.79 kN/m2).3.2.7 third-point loadinga flexure test where the loadcomes in contact with the test specimen at two locations, eachof which is located at13 the s
33、pan from the specimen loadsupport.3.2.7.1 DiscussionFor example, third-point loading for atest specimen on a 24-in. (610-mm) span would have two equalloads contact the test specimen each located 8 in. in from thetest specimen load support. The distance between the twopoints of load would also be 8 i
34、n. (205 mm).3.2.8 wood-plastic composite (WPC)a composite madeprimarily from wood- or cellulose-based materials and plas-tic(s).4. General Requirements4.1 SamplingSamples for testing shall be representative ofthe population being evaluated. Sampling shall be representa-tive of the possible variation
35、s due to changes in raw materialsand process variables over time. It is essential to considerbatch-to-batch and shift-to-shift variability when samplingactual production. Test specimens shall be selected fromseveral production runs of a given item. Products shall besampled at the manufacturing site
36、by an accredited third partyinspection agency or testing laboratory. Exceptions to samplingat the manufacturing site, such as at a warehouse or distributioncenter, shall be documented in the test report.4.2 Sample SizeSelection of a sample size depends uponthe property to be estimated, the actual va
37、riation in the propertyoccurring in the population, and the precision with which theproperty is to be estimated. The principles of Practice D2915shall be followed. The minimum sample size shall provideestimation of mean values within 5 % in accordance with 3.4.2of Practice D2915.4.3 ConditioningPrio
38、r to testing, all specimens shall beconditioned to environmental conditions appropriate for theintended end use of the product. Alternatively, test specimensshall be conditioned for a minimum of 40 h at 68F 6 4F(20C 6 2C) and 50 6 5 % RH. If data show that productproperties are not affected by extre
39、me moisture conditions,such as submersion, the material shall be permitted to be testedwithout special conditioning. When the product is to besubjected to a water soak environment, the test specimens shallbe tested within 30 min upon removal from the treatment.4.4 Flexural TestsFlexural strength and
40、 stiffness shall bedetermined in accordance with principles of Test MethodsD4761 or D6109. Alternatively, to assess compliance withperformance requirements in its intended installedconfiguration, the deck boards shall be tested according to thetwo-span method defined in Annex A1. The test specimencr
41、oss section shall be the minimum anticipated structural sizefor the intended end use. The test span shall be that for whichcode recognition is desired. The specimens shall be loaded at aconstant strain rate of 1 % per minute (610 %). Average timeto failure for each test configuration shall be record
42、ed (seeCommentary, X1.2).Aconstant strain rate of 1 % per minute isachieved by using a constant rate of test machine crossheadmotion, R, (inches/minute) computed in terms of the test span,L, and the member depth, d, by the following equation:R 5 0.00185 3L2/d (1)For members where the depth (vertical
43、 dimension) is varyingalong the member length, the depth (d) shall be taken as thegross member depth at the point of maximum moment.NOTE 2Eq 1 is based on the maximum extreme fiber strain at midspanof a horizontally symmetric simple span member. For a product that issymmetric about its horizontal ax
44、is, Eq 1 yields the target strain rate atboth the extreme tensile and extreme compressive faces. For a product thatis not symmetric about its horizontal axis, the Eq 1 strain rate is theaverage of the strains at these faces. See Commentary for additionalinformation.NOTE 3Some wood-plastic composites
45、 and plastic lumber exhibitexceptionally large deformations prior to failure in bending. Users arecautioned to take particular care in test machine set-up to accommodatelarge deflections, both in terms of deflection-measuring devices andsupport conditions.4.4.1 Flexural StrengthModulus of rupture (M
46、OR)ormoment capacity shall be reported for each specimen. Flexuralstrength shall be calculated from the maximum load achievedor the load at 3 % strain, whichever occurs first.4.4.2 Flexural StiffnessApparent modulus of elasticity(MOE)orEI shall be reported for each specimen. Flexuralstiffness shall
47、be calculated from a linear least squares fit of thestress-strain curve over the range of 10 to 40 % of ultimatestress.4.4.3 The flexural strength and stiffness for deck board,guard, and handrail materials shall be determined in accor-dance with 4.4 and shall be used to establish a standardbaseline
48、performance level for comparison with future produc-tion during the required quality control audits.4.5 Temperature and Moisture Effects:4.5.1 Temperature EffectTesting shall be conducted toverify that allowable span and load ratings are applicable at arange of temperatures expected in service. For
49、purposes of thisspecification, the lower and upper temperatures shall be -20 64F (-29 6 2C) and 125 6 4F (52 6 2C), respectively.Flexure tests shall be conducted to failure at the desired span.A minimum of 10 specimens shall be tested at each tempera-ture. The flexural strength and stiffness shall be determined inaccordance with 4.4 and the average change in propertiesbetween the flexural strength and stiffness of the controlflexural specimens and the specimens tested at low and hightemperatures shall be calculated as a percentage a
