1、IEEE Std C57.127 -2007 (Revision of IEEE Std C57.127-2000) IEEE Guide for the Detection and Location of Acoustic Emissions from Partial Discharges in Oil-Immersed Power Transformers and Reactors IEEE 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA 31 August 2007 IEEE Power Engineering Society Sponsored b
2、y the Transformers Committee C57.127 TMRecognized as an IEEE Std C57.127-2007 American National Standard (Revision of IEEE Std C57.127-2000) IEEE Guide for the Detection and Location of Acoustic Emissions from Partial Discharges in Oil-Immersed Power Transformers and Reactors Sponsor Transformers Co
3、mmittee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Approved 22 March 2007 IEEE-SA Standards Board Approved 9 August 2007 American National Standards Institute Abstract: The detection and location of acoustic emissions from partial discharges and other sources in oil immersed power transformers and reacto
4、rs are covered in this guide. A means of associating the relative magnitude and position of partial discharges and other sources with the acoustic signals obtained by strategically located transducers is provided. Keywords: acoustic emission (AE), attenuation, burst, gas-in-oil analysis, low-amplitu
5、de discharges, partial discharge (PD), power transformers, reactors _ The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2007 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 31 August 2007. P
6、rinted in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center. iv Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserve
7、d. Introduction The guide is an expansion of IEEE Std C57.127-2000. It has been expanded to include more theory and signal interpretation information, newer techniques for detection, and the concepts for location. Active workers in the field are constantly trying to improve their methods. More effec
8、tive methods may appear in the future. Notice to users Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/ standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Curre
9、nt interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/ interp/index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this guide may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this guide, no position is
10、 taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identifying patents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or sco
11、pe of those patents that are brought to its attention. A patent holder or patent applicant has filed a statement of assurance that it will grant licenses under these rights without compensation or under reasonable rates and nondiscriminatory, reasonable terms and conditions to applicants desiring to
12、 obtain such licenses. The IEEE makes no representation as to the reasonableness of rates, terms, and conditions of the license agreements offered by patent holders or patent applicants. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Department. A patent letter of assurance has been fil
13、ed with the IEEE by the patent holder of the material presented in 6.7 (Three-sensor system). This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C57.127-2007, IEEE Guide for the Detection and Location of Acoustic Emissions from Partial Discharges in Oil-Immersed Power Transformers and Reactors. v Copyright 2
14、007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Participants At the time this guide was completed, the Acoustic Partial Discharge Measurements Working Group had the following membership: John W. Harley, Chair Donald E. Ayers Ron Barker Ray Bartnikas Barry L. Beaster Jeff Benach Tord Bengtsson Paul Boman John Bosiger
15、 Carl L. Bush Alvaro Cancino William J. Carter Luiz Cheim Yunxiang Chen Bill Chiu Colin Clark Roy Colquitt Jerry L. Corkran John C. Crouse Alan W. Darwin Ron Daubert Fred E. Elliott Donald J. Fallon Norman Field George Forrest Bruce I. Forsyth Michael Franchek George Frimpong Jim Fyvie Robert Ganser
16、 Andreas Garnitschnig Saurabh Ghosh Richard Graham Bill Griesacker Sergio Guerrero Ernst Hanique Tom Harbaugh Peter Heinzig Keith R. Highton Thang Hochanh John Holland Anthony Jonnatti Steve Jordan Samer Khaled Vladmir Khalin Emil M. Kowal John G. Lackey Mike Lamb Robert Langan Mike Lau Eberhard Lem
17、ke Stanley Lindgren Raymond Lortie Richard Lowe Andre Lux Tamyres Luiz Machado, Jr. Jim McIver Martin Navarro Van Nhi Nguyen Ron Nicholas Arturo Nunez Jesse Patton Mark D. Perkins Paul Pillitteri Bertrand Poulin Gustav H. Preininger George J. Reitter John Runski Dirk Russwurm Ewald Schweiger Hemchan
18、dra M. Shertukde James E. Smith Brian D. Sparling Charles Sweetser Robyn Taylor Ed Tenyenhuis Robert Thompson Subhash Tuli Albert Walls Barry H. Ward Eduardo Garcia Wild Others who were active in the writing of this guide are: Pierre Boss Ed Cromer Michel Duval Valery Godinez David Goodwin Lars-Erik
19、 Juhlin Adrian Pollock Karen Weissman vi Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. William J. Ackerman Steven C. Alexanderson Carlo Arpino Javier Arteag
20、a Munnu Bajpai Barry L. Beaster Wallace B. Binder, Jr. Thomas E. Blackburn, III William G. Bloethe Steven R. Brockschink Kent W. Brown Carl L. Bush Tommy P. Cooper Jerry L. Corkran John C. Crouse Alan W. Darwin Matthew T. Davis Randall L. Dotson Donald G. Dunn Fred E. Elliott Gary R. Engmann Donald
21、J. Fallon Joseph Foldi Bruce I. Forsyth Randall C. Groves John W. Harley Gary A. Heuston David A. Horvath Dennis Horwitz James D. Huddleston, III Lars E. Juhlin J. L. Koepfinger Jim Kulchisky Saumen K. Kundu John G. Lackey Stephen R. Lambert Boyd R. Leuenberger Albert Livshitz William G. Lowe J. Den
22、nis Marlow John W. Matthews William M. McDermid Mark F. McGranaghan Joseph P. Melanson Gary L. Michel Daniel H. Mulkey Krste Najdenkoski Michael S. Newman Paulette A. Payne David F. Peelo Mark D. Perkins Bertrand Poulin Gustav H. Preininger Iulian E. Profir Ryland B. Revelle Johannes Rickmann Michae
23、l A. Roberts Thomas J. Rozek Bartien Sayogo Devki N. Sharma Hemchandra M. Shertukde Hyeong J. Sim Brian D. Sparling Nagu N. Srinivas Christopher W. Ten-Haagen S. Thamilarasan A. John Vandermaar Barry H. Ward Joe D. Watson William R. Wessman James W. Wilson, Jr. Waldemar Ziomek Ahmed F. Zobaa When th
24、e IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this guide on 22 March 2007, it had the following membership: Steve M. Mills, Chair Robert M. Grow, Vice Chair Don Wright, Past Chair Judith Gorman, Secretary Richard DeBlasio Alex Gelman William R. Goldbach Arnold M. Greenspan Joanna N. Guenin Julian Forster* Kenn
25、eth S. Hanus William B. Hopf Richard H. Hulett Hermann Koch Joseph L. Koepfinger* John Kulick David J. Law Glenn Parsons Ronald C. Petersen Tom A. Prevost Narayanan Ramachandran Greg Ratta Robby Robson Anne-Marie Sahazizian Virginia C. Sulzberger* Malcolm V. Thaden Richard L. Townsend Howard L. Wolf
26、man *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Alan H. Cookson, NIST Representative Virginia C. Sulzberger, Member/TAB Representative Don Messina IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development Matthew J. C
27、eglia IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development vii Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Purpose 1 1.3 Safety warnings . 1 2. Definitions 2 3. Detection and measurement of PDBackground information 3 4. Introduction to acoustic PD syst
28、ems. 4 4.1 All-acoustic system 5 4.2 Acoustic system with an electrical PD trigger. 5 4.3 On-line (continuous) acoustic monitoring system . 6 5. Acoustic signal and transmission characteristics 6 5.1 Acoustic signal 6 5.2 Acoustic signal propagation from source to tank wall. 8 5.3 Acoustic signal pr
29、opagation within the tank wall 8 5.4 Velocity of sound in oil . 9 6. AE systemsEquipment specifications. 9 6.1 Introduction . 9 6.2 Acoustic systems that record single events 10 6.3 Digital signal processing (DSP) workstations that record acoustic data over extended periods 11 6.4 On-line (continuou
30、s) acoustic PD monitoring systems 11 6.5 External sensor 12 6.6 Internal sensor 12 6.7 Three-sensor system 12 6.8 Band-pass filter 13 7. AE testing. 13 7.1 Personnel qualification and certification . 13 7.2 Field versus factory test differences 13 7.3 General considerations on the application of sen
31、sors 13 8. AE field test procedure. 15 8.1 Introduction . 15 8.2 Test setup. 15 8.3 Sensor placement and initial scan 15 8.4 Monitoring techniques. 16 8.5 Locating the source of the signal . 17 8.6 Reporting and followup . 17 viii Copyright 2007 IEEE. All rights reserved. 9. Factory test procedure u
32、sing an electrical trigger. 17 9.1 Introduction . 17 9.2 Initial sensor placement . 18 9.3 Measurements and changing of sensor placement. 21 10. Characterization of AE signals. 22 10.1 Introduction . 22 10.2 GeneralAC systems . 22 10.3 Acoustic systems that record single events 23 10.4 DSP workstati
33、ons that record acoustic data over extended periods. 26 10.5 On-line (continuous) acoustic partial discharge monitoring systems 26 10.6 HVDC transformers and reactors 26 10.7 Characteristics of PD from static electrification 27 10.8 Acoustic activity from thermal faults, the core, mechanical noises,
34、 and other sources. 27 10.9 Comparison between electrical and acoustic signals . 28 11. Integrating AE results with data from oil analysis . 28 12. Acoustic activity interpretation 30 Annex A (informative) Bibliography . 31 Annex B (informative) Signal processing 36 Annex C (informative) Wavelet signal processing theory 37 Annex D (informative) Tutorial and case studies for detection and location of AE from PD 40
