欢迎来到麦多课文档分享! | 帮助中心 海量文档,免费浏览,给你所需,享你所想!
麦多课文档分享
全部分类
  • 标准规范>
  • 教学课件>
  • 考试资料>
  • 办公文档>
  • 学术论文>
  • 行业资料>
  • 易语言源码>
  • ImageVerifierCode 换一换
    首页 麦多课文档分享 > 资源分类 > PDF文档下载
    分享到微信 分享到微博 分享到QQ空间

    ASTM D4185-17 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Metals in Workplace Atmospheres by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry.pdf

    • 资源ID:348186       资源大小:125.09KB        全文页数:8页
    • 资源格式: PDF        下载积分:5000积分
    快捷下载 游客一键下载
    账号登录下载
    微信登录下载
    二维码
    微信扫一扫登录
    下载资源需要5000积分(如需开发票,请勿充值!)
    邮箱/手机:
    温馨提示:
    如需开发票,请勿充值!快捷下载时,用户名和密码都是您填写的邮箱或者手机号,方便查询和重复下载(系统自动生成)。
    如需开发票,请勿充值!如填写123,账号就是123,密码也是123。
    支付方式: 支付宝扫码支付    微信扫码支付   
    验证码:   换一换

    加入VIP,交流精品资源
     
    账号:
    密码:
    验证码:   换一换
      忘记密码?
        
    友情提示
    2、PDF文件下载后,可能会被浏览器默认打开,此种情况可以点击浏览器菜单,保存网页到桌面,就可以正常下载了。
    3、本站不支持迅雷下载,请使用电脑自带的IE浏览器,或者360浏览器、谷歌浏览器下载即可。
    4、本站资源下载后的文档和图纸-无水印,预览文档经过压缩,下载后原文更清晰。
    5、试题试卷类文档,如果标题没有明确说明有答案则都视为没有答案,请知晓。

    ASTM D4185-17 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Metals in Workplace Atmospheres by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry.pdf

    1、Designation: D4185 17Standard Test Method forMeasurement of Metals in Workplace Atmospheres byFlame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4185; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o

    2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the collection, dissolution, anddetermination of trace metals in workp

    3、lace atmospheres, byflame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS).1.2 The sensitivity, detection limit, and optimum workingconcentration for 23 metals are given in Table 1.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1

    4、.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Specific safet

    5、yprecautionary statements are given in Section 9.)1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by

    6、 the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis ofAtmospheresD1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the AmbientAtmosphereD3195 Practice fo

    7、r Rotameter CalibrationD5337 Practice for Flow Rate Adjustment of Personal Sam-pling PumpsD7035 Test Method for Determination of Metals and Met-alloids in Airborne Particulate Matter by InductivelyCoupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of te

    8、rms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D1356.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 blank signalthat signal which results from all addedreagents and a clean membrane filter prepared and analyzedexactly in the same way as the samples.3.2.2 instrumental detection limitthat

    9、 concentration of agiven element which produces a signal three times the standarddeviation of the reagent blank signal.3.2.3 working range for an analytical precision better than3%the range of sample concentrations that will absorb 10 to70 % of the incident radiation (0.05 to 0.52 absorbance units).

    10、NOTE 1Values for instrumental detection limit may vary frominstrument to instrument.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Workplace air samples are collected on membrane filtersand treated with nitric acid to destroy the organic matrix and todissolve the metals present. The analysis is subsequently madeby fl

    11、ame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS).4.2 Samples and standards are aspirated the flame of anabsorption spectrophotometer. A hollow cathode or electrode-less discharge lamp for the metal being determined provides asource of characteristic radiation energy for that particularmetal. The absor

    12、ption of this characteristic energy by the atomsof interest in the flame is related to the concentration of themetal in the aspirated sample. The flame and operatingconditions for each element are listed in Table 2.5. Significance and Use5.1 The health of workers in many industries is at riskthrough

    13、 exposure by inhalation to toxic metals. Industrialhygienists and other public health professionals need to deter-mine the effectiveness of measures taken to control workersexposures, and this is generally achieved by making workplace1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22

    14、on AirQuality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04 on Workplace AirQuality.Current edition approved March 1, 2017. Published March 2017. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D4185 06 (2011).DOI: 10.1520/D4185-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visi

    15、t the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-295

    16、9. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical B

    17、arriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1air measurements. Exposure to some metal-containing particleshas been demonstrated to cause dermatitis, skin ulcers, eyeproblems, chemical pneumonitis, and other physical disorders(1).35.2 FAAS is capable of quantitatively determining mostmetals in air samples at th

    18、e levels required by federal, state,and local occupational health and air pollution regulations. Theanalysis results can be used for the assessment of workplaceexposures to metals in workplace air.6. Interferences6.1 In FAAS the occurrence of interferences is less commonthan in many other analytical

    19、 techniques. Interferences canoccur, however, and when encountered are corrected for asindicated in the following sections. The known interferencesand correction methods for each metal are indicated in Table 2.The methods of standard additions and background monitoringand correction (2, 4, 8, 9) are

    20、 used to identify the presence ofan interference. Insofar as possible, the matrix of sample andstandard are matched to minimize the possible interference.6.2 Background or nonspecific absorption can occur fromparticles produced in the flame which can scatter light andproduce an apparent absorption s

    21、ignal. Light scattering may beencountered when solutions of high salt content are beinganalyzed. They are most severe when measurements are madeat shorter wavelengths (for example, below about 250 nm).Background absorption may also occur as the result of theformation of various molecular species whi

    22、ch can absorb light.The background absorption can be accounted for by the use ofbackground correction techniques (8).6.3 Spectral interferences are those interferences whichresult from an atom different from the one being measured thatabsorbs a portion of the radiation. Such interferences areextreme

    23、ly rare in FAAS. In some cases multielement hollowcathode lamps may cause a spectral interference by havingclosely adjacent emission lines from two different elements. Ingeneral, the use of multielement hollow cathode lamps isdiscouraged.6.4 Ionization interference occurs when easily ionized at-oms

    24、are being measured. The degree to which such atoms areionized is dependent upon the atomic concentration and thepresence of other easily ionized atoms. This interference can becontrolled by the addition of a high concentration of anothereasily ionized element which will buffer the electron concen-tr

    25、ation in the flame.6.5 Chemical interferences occur in FAAS when speciespresent in the sample cause variations in the degree to whichatoms are formed in the flame, or when different valence statesof a single element have different absorption characteristics.Such interferences may be controlled by ad

    26、justing the samplematrix or by the method of standard additions (9).Also, the useof lanthanum as a releasing element minimizes the interferencefrom the formation of nonvolatile compounds in the flame.Lanthanum forms nonvolatile compounds preferentially withthe interferent so that the analyte remains

    27、 free.6.6 Physical interferences may result if the physical prop-erties of the samples vary significantly. Changes in viscosityand surface tension can affect the sample aspiration rate and3Boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references appended tothese methods.TABLE 1 FAAS Instrumen

    28、tal Detection Limits and Optimum Working Concentration for 23 MetalsElementDetection Limit, g/mL(approximately three timesstandard deviation of blank)AOptimum Linear RangeUpper Limit,g/mLTLV, mg/m3(elements, compound classes, and oxides)BAg 0.001 5 0.1 (metal) 0.01 (soluble compounds as Ag)Al 0.04 5

    29、0 2.0 (soluble salts and alkyls not otherwise classified) 10 (metal dust and oxide)5 (pyro powder and welding fume)Ba 0.01 10 0.5 (soluble compounds)Bi 0.03 10 No Limit expressed for this elementCa 0.002 1 2 (oxide as CaO)Cd 0.0008 1 0.01 (elemental and compoundstotal dust)0.002 (elemental compounds

    30、respirable fraction)Co 0.009 5 0.02 (elemental and inorganic) 0.1 (carbonyl and hydrocarbonyl)Cr 0.003 5 0.5 (metal and Cr III compounds) 0.05 (water soluble Cr VI compounds)0.01 (insoluble Cr VI compounds)Cu 0.002 5 0.2 (fume) 1 (dust and mists as Cu)Fe 0.005 5 5 (iron oxide fume) 5 (soluble salts

    31、as Fe)In 0.03 50 0.1 (metal and compounds)K 0.003 1 No Limit expressed for this elementLi 0.0008 1 No Limit expressed for this elementMg 0.0002 0.5 10 (as MgO fume)Mn 0.002 5 0.2 (elemental and inorganic compounds)Na 0.0003 0.5 No Limit expressed for this elementNi 0.006 5 0.05 (elemental, soluble a

    32、nd insoluble compounds)Pb 0.02 10 0.15 (inorganic compounds, fume, dust)Rb 0.003 5 No Limit expressed for this elementSr 0.003 5 No Limit expressed for this elementTl 0.02 50 0.1 (soluble compounds)V 0.06 100 0.05 (pentoxide, respirable dust or fume, as V2O5)Zn 0.002 1 10 (oxide dust as ZnO) 5 (oxid

    33、e fume as ZnO)AThese detection limits represent ideal laboratory conditions; variability due to sampling, digestion, reagents, and sample handling has not been taken into account.BThreshold Limit Values of Airborne Contaminants and Physical Agents adopted by ACGIH for 19941995. Values are elemental

    34、concentrations except as noted.D4185 172thus cause erroneous results. Sample dilution or the method ofstandard additions, or both, are used to correct such interfer-ences. High concentrations of silica in the sample can causeaspiration problems. No matter what elements are beingdetermined, if large

    35、amounts of silica are extracted from thesamples, they shall be allowed to stand for several hours andcentrifuged or filtered to remove the silica.6.7 This procedure describes a generalized method forsample preparation, which is applicable to the majority ofsamples. There are some relatively rare che

    36、mical forms of afew of the elements listed in Table 1 that will not be dissolvedby this procedure. If such chemical forms are suspected, resultsobtained using this procedure shall be compared with thoseobtained using an appropriately altered dissolution procedure.Alternatively, the results may be co

    37、mpared with values ob-tained using a technique that does not require dissolving thesample (for example, X-ray fluorescence or neutron activationanalysis).7. Apparatus7.1 Sampling Apparatus:7.1.1 Cellulose Ester or Cellulose Nitrate MembraneFilters, with a pore size of 0.8 m mounted in a 25-mm or37-m

    38、m diameter two- or three-piece filter holder.NOTE 2Appropriate workplace air samplers are described in TestMethod D7035. The background metal content of the filters should beminimal (see Annex A1 of Test Method D7035).7.1.2 Portable, Battery-Operated Personal SamplingPumps, equipped with a flow-moni

    39、toring device (rotameter,critical orifice) or a constant-flow device and capable ofdrawing 15 L/min of air through the 0.8-m membrane filterfor a period of 8 h.7.2 Analytical Apparatus:7.2.1 Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer,equipped with air/acetylene and nitrous oxide/acetylene burnerheads

    40、.7.2.2 Hollow Cathode or Electrodeless Discharge Lamp, foreach element to be determined.7.2.3 Deuterium Continuum Lamp.7.2.4 Compressed AirAppropriate pressure reducing regu-lator with base connections (see instrument manufacturersinstructions).7.2.5 Acetylene Gas and RegulatorA cylinder of acety-le

    41、ne equipped with a two-gage, two-stage pressure-reducingregulator with hose connections. (See instrument manufacturerinstructions.)TABLE 2 FAAS Flame and Operating Conditions for Each ElementElement Type of FlameAnalyticalWavelength, nmInterferencesARemedyAReferenceAg Air-C2H2(oxidizing) 328.1 I03,W

    42、O42, MnO42,Cl,F B(2, 3)AlCN2O-C2H2(reducing) 309.3 ionization, SO42,VB,D,E(4)Ba N2O-C2H2(reducing) 553.6 ionization, large concentration CaD,F(1, 4)Bi Air-C2H2(oxidizing) 223.1 none knownCa Air-C2H2(oxidizing) 422.7 ionization (slight) and chemicalionizationD,E(1, 4)N2O-C2H2(reducing)Cd Air-C2H2(oxi

    43、dizing) 228.8 none knownCoCAir-C2H2(oxidizing) 240.7 none knownCrCAir-C2H2(reducing) 357.9 Fe, Ni, oxidation state of CrB(4)Cu Air-C2H2(oxidizing) 324.8 none knownFe Air-C2H2(oxidizing) 248.3 high Ni concentration, SiB(1, 4)In Air-C2H2(oxidizing) 303.9 Al, Mg, Cu, Zn, HxPO4x3 B(5)K Air-C2H2(oxidizin

    44、g) 766.5 ionizationD(1, 4)Li Air-C2H2(oxidizing) 670.8 ionizationD(6)Mg Air-C2H2(oxidizing) 285.2 chemical ionizationD,E(1, 4)N2O-C2H2(reducing)Mn Air-C2H2(oxidizing) 279.5 SiNa Air-C2H2(oxidizing) 589.6 ionizationE(1, 4)Ni Air-C2H2(oxidizing) 232.0 none knownPb Air-C2H2(oxidizing) 217.0283.3Ca, hig

    45、h concentration SO42 B(7)Rb Air-C2H2(oxidizing) 780.0 ionizationD(1, 3)Sr Air-C2H2(oxidizing) 460.7 ionization and chemicalD,E(1, 3)N2O-C2H2(reducing) ionizationTl Air-C2H2(oxidizing) 276.8 none knownVa N2O-C2H2(reducing) 318.4 ionizationZn Air-C2H2(oxidizing) 213.9 none knownAHighconcentrationsofsi

    46、liconinthesamplecancauseaninterferenceformanyoftheelementsinthistableandmaycauseaspirationproblems.Nomatterwhatelementsare being measured, if large amounts of silica are extracted from the samples, the samples should be allowed to stand for several hours and centrifuged or filtered toremove the sili

    47、ca.BSamples are periodically analyzed by the method of additions to check for chemical interferences. If interferences are encountered, determinations must be made bythe standard additions method or, if the interferent is identified, it may be added to the standards.CSome compounds of these elements

    48、 will not be dissolved by the procedure described here. When determining these elements, one should verify that the types ofcompounds suspected in the sample will dissolve using this procedure (see 12.2).DIonization interferences are controlled by bringing all solutions to 1000 ppm cesium (samples a

    49、nd standards).E1000-ppm solution of lanthanum as a releasing agent is added to all samples and standards.FIn the presence of very large calcium concentrations (greater than 0.1 %) a molecular absorption from CaOH may be observed. This interference may be overcome byusing background corrections when analyzing for barium.D4185 1737.2.6 Nitrous Oxide Gas and RegulatorA cylinder ofnitrous oxide equipped with a two-gage, two-stage pressure-reducing regulator and hose connections. Heat tape with thetemperature controlled by a rheostat may be wound around these


    注意事项

    本文(ASTM D4185-17 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Metals in Workplace Atmospheres by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry.pdf)为本站会员(周芸)主动上传,麦多课文档分享仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知麦多课文档分享(点击联系客服),我们立即给予删除!




    关于我们 - 网站声明 - 网站地图 - 资源地图 - 友情链接 - 网站客服 - 联系我们

    copyright@ 2008-2019 麦多课文库(www.mydoc123.com)网站版权所有
    备案/许可证编号:苏ICP备17064731号-1 

    收起
    展开