欢迎来到麦多课文档分享! | 帮助中心 海量文档,免费浏览,给你所需,享你所想!
麦多课文档分享
全部分类
  • 标准规范>
  • 教学课件>
  • 考试资料>
  • 办公文档>
  • 学术论文>
  • 行业资料>
  • 易语言源码>
  • ImageVerifierCode 换一换
    首页 麦多课文档分享 > 资源分类 > PDF文档下载
    分享到微信 分享到微博 分享到QQ空间

    ASTM F1332 - 99(2011) Standard Practice for Use of SI (Metric) Units in Maritime Applications (Committee F25 Supplement to IEEEASTM SI 10) (Withdrawn 2017).pdf

    • 资源ID:287151       资源大小:139.63KB        全文页数:13页
    • 资源格式: PDF        下载积分:5000积分
    快捷下载 游客一键下载
    账号登录下载
    微信登录下载
    二维码
    微信扫一扫登录
    下载资源需要5000积分(如需开发票,请勿充值!)
    邮箱/手机:
    温馨提示:
    如需开发票,请勿充值!快捷下载时,用户名和密码都是您填写的邮箱或者手机号,方便查询和重复下载(系统自动生成)。
    如需开发票,请勿充值!如填写123,账号就是123,密码也是123。
    支付方式: 支付宝扫码支付    微信扫码支付   
    验证码:   换一换

    加入VIP,交流精品资源
     
    账号:
    密码:
    验证码:   换一换
      忘记密码?
        
    友情提示
    2、PDF文件下载后,可能会被浏览器默认打开,此种情况可以点击浏览器菜单,保存网页到桌面,就可以正常下载了。
    3、本站不支持迅雷下载,请使用电脑自带的IE浏览器,或者360浏览器、谷歌浏览器下载即可。
    4、本站资源下载后的文档和图纸-无水印,预览文档经过压缩,下载后原文更清晰。
    5、试题试卷类文档,如果标题没有明确说明有答案则都视为没有答案,请知晓。

    ASTM F1332 - 99(2011) Standard Practice for Use of SI (Metric) Units in Maritime Applications (Committee F25 Supplement to IEEEASTM SI 10) (Withdrawn 2017).pdf

    1、Designation: F1332 99 (Reapproved 2011) An American National StandardStandard Practice forUse of SI (Metric) Units in Maritime Applications (CommitteeF25 Supplement to IEEE/ASTM SI 10)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1332; the number immediately following the designation indicat

    2、es the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of th

    3、e Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONThe International System of Units (SI) was developed by the General Conference on Weights andMeasures (CGPM), which is an international treaty organization. The abbreviation SI, derived fromthe French “Le Systme International dUnits,” is used in all languages.On D

    4、ec. 23, 1975, Public Law 94-168, “The Metric Conversion Act of 1975,” was signed byPresident Ford, committing the United States to a coordinated voluntary conversion to the metricsystem of measurement. The Act specifically defines the “metric system of measurement” as “theInternational System of Uni

    5、ts as established by the General Conference on Weights and Measures in1960, and as interpreted or modified for the United States by the Secretary of Commerce.”On Aug. 23, 1988, President Reagan signed into law P.L. 100-576, the Omnibus Trade andCompetitiveness Act of 1988. The Act specifies that “me

    6、tric” means the modernized metric system(SI). The Act then amended the Metric Conversion Act of 1975 to designate the metric system ofmeasurement as the preferred system of weights and measures for United States trade and commerce.This practice will help obtain uniform SI practice in the marine indu

    7、stry by providing a technicalreference for the International System of Units (SI). The practice is not intended to cover all aspectsof SI usage, but to serve as a ready reference especially tailored to the operating needs of the industry.For further information on SI usage and conversion factors for

    8、 units not found herein, refer toIEEE/ASTM SI-10, upon which this practice is based. In the event of a conflict, IEEE/ASTM SI-10shall take precedence. (See also NIST Special Publication 811.) Hardware and other standards in SIare currently being developed.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the use of

    9、SI, which is comprised ofbase and derived SI units. Also discussed are non-SI units thathave been accepted and recognized by the CGPM as appropri-ate for limited use or time. Basic rules for style and usage of SIare set forth, as well as methods for conversion from non-SIunits to SI units. Tables of

    10、 quantities used by the marineindustry are included, with present units and conversion factorsgiven.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2IEEE/ASTM SI-10 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (SI): The Modernized Metric System2.2 NIST Publications:NIST Special Publication 811 Gui

    11、de for the Use of theInternational System of Units (SI)3NIST Special Publication 330 The International System ofUnits (SI)31This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships andMarine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.07 onGeneral Requirements.Curre

    12、nt edition approved May 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F1332 99(2005).DOI: 10.1520/F1332-99R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book

    13、 of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http:/www.nist.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,

    14、PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesNOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information13. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 quantity, nmeasurable attribute of a physic

    15、al phe-nomenon.3.1.2 SI, nThe universally accepted abbreviation for theInternational System of Units as defined in the document LeSystme International dUnits , 6th Edition, published by theInternational Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM), Sevres,France, 1991, and as interpreted and modified for t

    16、he UnitedStates by the U.S. Department of Commerce. The U.S. versionof the defining document is published by the National Instituteof Standards and Technology as NIST Special Publication330.43.1.3 unit, nreference value of a given quantity as definedby CGPM Resolution or ISO standards. There is only

    17、 one unitfor each quantity in SI.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 coherent system of unitsa system of units of mea-surement in which a small number of base units, defined asdimensionally independent, are used to derive all other units inthe system by rules of multiplication a

    18、nd division with nonumerical factors other than unity.4. The Concept of SI4.1 The International System of Units (SI) was developed toprovide a universal, coherent, and preferred system of units forworld-wide use and appropriate to the needs of modernscience, technology, and international commerce.4.

    19、2 The principal features of SI are:4.2.1 There is one and only one unit for each quantity.4.2.2 The system is fully coherent.4.2.3 Designated prefixes can be attached to units to formmultiples and submultiples of ten raised to a power. Use of theprefixes provides for convenient numerical values when

    20、 themagnitude of a quantity is stated, and avoids the need for manyinsignificant zeroes. The system is decimal, the same as thecommonly used numerical system.4.2.4 Units and prefixes are represented by standardized andinternationally recognized symbols.4.3 Afew specifically accepted non-SI units are

    21、 permitted inconjunction with SI.4.4 SI units, acceptable non-SI units, and prefixes arediscussed in Sections 5 and 6.5. SI Units5.1 SI includes two classes of units:5.1.1 Base units and5.1.2 Derived units.5.2 Base UnitsThe International System of Units is basedon seven base units, listed in Table 1

    22、, which by convention areregarded as dimensionally independent.5.3 Derived UnitsDerived units are formed by the alge-braic combination of base units and derived units. Derivedunits with special names are listed in Table 2.5.4 TemperatureThe SI unit of thermodynamic tempera-ture is the kelvin, and th

    23、is unit is properly used for expressingthermodynamic temperature and temperature intervals. Thedegree Celsius is equivalent to kelvin with a different zeropoint on the scale. Celsius temperature t equals kelvin tem-perature minus 273.15 (t = T Towhere T = Kelvin and To=273.15).5.5 SI PrefixesThe pre

    24、fixes and symbols shown in Table 3are used to form decimal multiples and submultiples of SIunits.5.6 Selection of Prefixes:5.6.1 Aprefix should be selected so that the numerical valueof the unit expressed will fall between 0.1 and 1000. Anexception to this rule arises in the preparation of tables of

    25、values of the same quantity and in discussion of such valueswithin a given context, when it is better to use the same unitmultiple. Also, for certain applications, one particular multiplewill customarily be used; for example, use of the millimetre forlinear dimensions in engineering drawings.5.6.2 C

    26、ompound prefixes should not be used; for example,use GJ, not kMJ.5.6.3 Prefixes should preferably not be used in the denomi-nator of compound units. Example, use V/m not mV/mm. Theexception is the kilogram as it is the base unit: J/kg, not kJ/g.5.6.4 Errors in calculation may be avoided by using pow

    27、ersof ten with the units rather than prefixes.6. Non-SI Units in Use with SI6.1 Units in Use with SICertain units that are not SI havebeen accepted for use with SI units. Some of these units,currently recognized as acceptable for use with SI, are listed inTable 4 and Table 5.6.2 TimeThe SI unit of t

    28、ime is the second. This unit ispreferred and should be used when practical, particularly intechnical calculations.6.3 Plane AngleThe SI unit of plane angle is the radian.When the radian is not a convenient unit, the degree should beused with decimal submultiples. Minutes and seconds shouldbe used on

    29、ly when required (as in navigation).4The U.S. edition of the English translation of the BIPM SI publication differsfrom the translation in the BIPM SI publication only in the following usage: (1) Thedot is used as the decimal marker and (2) the spelling of English-language words,for example, “meter,

    30、 liter,” and “deka” are used instead of “metre,” “litre,” and“deca” in accordance with the U.S. Government Printing Offce Style Manual, whichfollows Websters Third New International Dictionary rather than the OxfordDictionary used in many English-speaking countries.The spelling of “meter” and “liter

    31、” in preference to “metre” and “litre” isrecommended by the U.S. Department of Commerce as preferred for U.S. use andis mandated by the Department of Commerce for use by all agencies of the Federalgovernment.TABLE 1 SI Base UnitsQuantity Base SI Unit SymbolLength metre mMass kilogram kgTime second s

    32、Electric current ampere AThermodynamic temperature kelvin KAmount of substance mole molLuminous intensity candela cdF1332 99 (2011)26.4 AreaThe SI unit of area is the square metre. Thehectare (ha) is a special name for square hectometre (hm2).Large land or water areas are generally expressed in hect

    33、ares orin square kilometres.6.5 VolumeThe SI unit of volume is the cubic metre. Thecubic metre, or one of its multiples or submultiples, is preferredfor all applications. The special name litre has been approvedby the CGPM for the cubic decimetre.6.6 MassThe SI unit of mass is the kilogram. The kilo

    34、-gram, or one of the multiples or submultiples formed byattaching an SI prefix to gram, is preferred for all applications.For large masses (such as have been expressed in tons), themegagram is the appropriate unit. The term metric ton shouldbe restricted to commercial and maritime usage, and noprefi

    35、xes should be used with it. To avoid confusion, use of theterm “tonne” to indicate metric ton is discouraged.7. Mass, Force, and Weight7.1 SI, being coherent, is different from the older metricsystems in the use of distinctly separate units for mass andforce. In SI, the unit of force, the newton (N)

    36、, is derived as thelaws of physics dictate, instead of being related to gravity, andis defined as being equal to the force that imparts an accelera-tion of unit (1 m/s2) to a unit mass, the kilogram (kg).7.1.1 MassThe mass of a body is a measure of its inertia,that is, its resistance to a change in

    37、its motion. In practicalterms, mass represents the quantity of matter in a body (not tobe confused with amount of substance expressed in moles).The SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg).7.1.2 ForceForce is the mechanical action on a bodyresulting from physical contact with another body or the actionr

    38、esulting from gravitational or electromagnetic fields. The SIunit of force is the newton (N).7.1.3 WeightThe weight W of a body is the effectivegravity force acting on it and equals the product of its mass mand the local acceleration of free fall, g, so that W = mg.InSI,weight is measured in newtons

    39、 (N). Because the acceleration ofgravity (the acceleration of free fall) varies slightly over thesurface of the earth, the weight of a body varies accordingly,whereas its mass is a constant.7.1.4 DiscussionThe existence of clearly separate unitsfor mass and force in SI contrasts with the widespread

    40、use ofthe units lb and kg for both mass and force. Whereas the word“weight” has been commonly used when mass is intended orimplied, especially in commerce and everyday life, this useshould in time disappear with growing acceptance and use ofSI units, and the word mass (rather than weight) will be us

    41、edwhen mass is meant. The use of weight for mass should beavoided altogether in scientific and technical communication.8. Rules for Style and Usage of SI8.1 Rules for Writing Unit Symbols:8.1.1 Particular care must be taken to use the correctsymbols for units and prefixes (for example, K for kelvin,

    42、 k forkilo, M for mega, m for milli). When using systems withlimited character sets, as in Telex transmission or computerprintout, the standard symbols cannot be used. For thesepurposes, refer to ISO 2955 or ANSI X3.50.8.1.2 Unit symbols are symbols and do not vary fromsingular to plural.8.1.3 Unit

    43、symbols should be printed in roman (upright)type, regardless of the type style used in the surrounding text.8.1.4 Unit symbols are not followed by a period exceptwhen used at the end of a sentence.8.1.5 The numerical value associated with a symbol shouldbe separated from that symbol by a space. For

    44、example, 25.4mm, not 25.4mm. The only exception to this rule is that nospace is left between the numerical value and the symbols ofdegree, minute, and second of plane angle and degree Celsius.8.1.6 Unit symbols should be used in preference to the unitnames except when a number written out in words p

    45、recedes theunit; for example “seven metres” not “seven m.”8.2 Rules for Writing Unit Names:8.2.1 The first letter of a unit name is not capitalized exceptat the beginning of a sentence or in capitalized material such asa title.8.2.2 Plurals of unit names are formed in the ordinarymanner, except for

    46、lux, hertz, and siemens, which remain thesame.8.2.3 No space or hyphen is used between a prefix and theunit name; for example, kilonewton.8.3 Product, Quotient, and Powers:8.3.1 To indicate the product of units when using theirnames, a space is left between the names (for example, newtonmetre). When

    47、 using symbols, a centered dot should be placedbetween the symbols (for example, Nm).8.3.2 To indicate the quotient of units when using theirnames use the word “per” (for example, metres per second).When using unit symbols, a solidus (/) or negative exponentshould be used (for example, m/s or ms1).

    48、Do not use moreTABLE 2 SI Derived Units with Special NamesQuantityName of DerivedSIunitSymbolExpressed in Termsof Base and DerivedSI UnitsAngle, plane radian rad mm = 1Angle, solid steradian Sr m2/m2=1Frequency hertz Hz s1Force newton N kgm/s2Pressure, stress pascal Pa N/m2Energy, work, quantity of

    49、heat joule J NmPower, radiant flux watt W J/sElectric charge, quantity ofelectricitycoulomb C AsElectric potential, potentialdifference, electromotiveforcevolt V W/AElectric capacitance farad F C/VElectric resistance ohm V/AElectric conductance siemens s A/VMagnetic flux weber Wb VsMagnetic flux density tesla T Wb/m2Inductance henry H Wb/ALuminous flux lumen lm cdsrIlluminance lux lx lm/m2Celsius temperatureAdegree Celsius C KActivity (of a radionuclide) becquerel Bq s1Absorbed dose gray Gy J/kgDose equivalent sievert Sv J/kgASee


    注意事项

    本文(ASTM F1332 - 99(2011) Standard Practice for Use of SI (Metric) Units in Maritime Applications (Committee F25 Supplement to IEEEASTM SI 10) (Withdrawn 2017).pdf)为本站会员(孙刚)主动上传,麦多课文档分享仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知麦多课文档分享(点击联系客服),我们立即给予删除!




    关于我们 - 网站声明 - 网站地图 - 资源地图 - 友情链接 - 网站客服 - 联系我们

    copyright@ 2008-2019 麦多课文库(www.mydoc123.com)网站版权所有
    备案/许可证编号:苏ICP备17064731号-1 

    收起
    展开