1、Designation: B883 17Standard Specification forMetal Injection Molded (MIM) Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B883; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers ferrous metal injection moldedmaterials fabricated by mixing elemental or pre-alloyed metalpowders with binders, inject
3、ing into a mold, debinding, andsintering, with or without subsequent heat treatment.1.2 This specification covers the following injection moldedmaterials.1.2.1 Compositions:1.2.1.1 MIM-2200, low-alloy steel1.2.1.2 MIM-2700, low-alloy steel1.2.1.3 MIM-4605, low-alloy steel1.2.1.4 MIM-4140, low-alloy
4、steel1.2.1.5 MIM-316L, austenitic stainless steel1.2.1.6 MIM-17-4 PH, precipitation hardening stainlesssteel1.2.1.7 MIM-420, martensitic stainless steel1.2.1.8 MIM-430L, ferritic stainless steel1.2.1.9 MIM-440, martensitic stainless steel1.2.1.10 MIM-Cu, copper1.3 Chemical composition limits are spe
5、cified in Table 1.1.4 With the exception of the values for density and themass used to determine density, for which the use of the gramper cubic centimetre (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the long-standing industry practice, the values in inch-pound units are tobe regarded as standard. The values give
6、n in parentheses or inseparate tables are mathematical conversions to SI units thatare provided for information only and are not consideredstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this st
7、andard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles f
8、or theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B243 Terminology of Powder MetallurgyB311 Test Method for Density of Powder Metallurgy (PM)Materials
9、Containing Less Than Two Percent PorosityB933 Test Method for Microindentation Hardness of PowderMetallurgy (PM) MaterialsB962 Test Methods for Density of Compacted or SinteredPowder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using ArchimedesPrincipleE8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE18 Test M
10、ethods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-terialsE228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of SolidMaterials With a Push-Rod DilatometerE350 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel,Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, andWrought IronE415 Test Method for Analysis of
11、 Carbon and Low-AlloySteel by Spark Atomic Emission SpectrometryE1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur,Nitrogen, and Oxygen in Steel, Iron, Nickel, and CobaltAlloys by Various Combustion and Fusion TechniquesE1086 Test Method forAnalysis ofAustenitic Stainless Steelby Spark Atomic Em
12、ission SpectrometryE1461 Test Method for Thermal Diffusivity by the FlashMethodE1621 Guide for Elemental Analysis by Wavelength Disper-sive X-Ray Fluorescence SpectrometryF1089 Test Method for Corrosion of Surgical Instruments2.2 MPIF Standards:3MPIF Standard 35 Materials Standards for Metal Injecti
13、onMolded Parts1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on MetalPowders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of B09.11 onNear Full Density Powder Metallurgy Materials.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originallyapproved
14、in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as B883 15. DOI:10.1520/B0883-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page
15、 onthe ASTM website.3Available from Metal Powder Industries Federation (MPIF), 105 College Rd.East, Princeton, NJ 08540-6692, http:/www.mpif.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19
16、428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Tech
17、nical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1MPIF Standard 50 Method for Preparing and EvaluatingMetal Injection Molded (MIM) Debound and Sintered/Heat Treated Tension Test SpecimensMPIF Standard 51 Method for Determination of Microin-dentation Hardness of Powder Metallurgy MaterialsMPIF Standard 59 Met
18、hod for Determination of CharpyImpact Energy of Unnotched Metal Injection Molded(MIM) Test SpecimensMPIF Standard 62 Method for Determination of the Corro-sion Resistance of MIM Grades of Stainless Steel Im-mersed in 2 % Sulfuric Acid SolutionMPIF Standard 63 Method for Density Determination ofMetal
19、 Injection Molded (MIM) Components (Gas Pyc-nometer)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Definitions of powder metallurgy terms can be foundin Terminology B243. Additional descriptive information isavailable in the Related Material Section of Vol. 02.05 of theAnnual Book of ASTM Standards.4. Ordering
20、 Information4.1 Orders for parts conforming to this specification mayinclude the following:4.1.1 ASTM designation,4.1.2 Alloy composition including carbon content (seeTable 1),4.1.3 Heat treatment condition and hardness (see Tables2-5),4.1.4 Functional or mechanical property testing (see 7.3 7.7 and
21、 Tables 2-5),4.1.5 Corrosion resistance testing (see 8.1 8.1.4 and Table6),4.1.6 Thermal conductivity testing (see 9.19.2 and Table 7and Table 8),4.1.7 Thermal expansion testing (see 10.110.2 and Table 9and Table 10),4.1.8 Purchaser or purchasers representative desire to wit-ness the inspection and
22、testing of material prior to shipment(see 12.2),4.1.9 Requirement for certification of material and a reportof test results (see 14.1),4.1.10 Requirement for full or partial chemical analysis (seeSection 6), and4.1.11 Other special requirements as mutually agreed.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Part
23、s shall be made by injection molding mixtures ofmetal powder with binders, debinding, and sintering, with orwithout subsequent heat treatment. The material shall conformto the designations in 1.2.1 and meet the chemical compositionspecified in Table 1.6. Chemical Composition6.1 Metal injection molde
24、d material shall conform to thechemical requirements prescribed in Table 1.6.2 Chemical analysis for the elements copper, chromium,molybdenum, and nickel shall be determined in accordancewith Test Methods E415 (preferred method), E350, E1086,E1621, Inductively Coupled PlasmaAtomic Emission Spec-trom
25、etry (ICP-AES), Atomic Absorption (AA), or any suchmethod as shall be agreed upon between buyer and seller.Analysis of the element carbon shall be determined in accor-dance with Test Methods E1019, via optical emissionspectroscopy, or other method agreed upon between the pur-chaser and seller.7. Mec
26、hanical and Physical Property Requirements7.1 The preferred method of verifying the acceptable per-formance of a finished part is a qualification test to beperformed on an actual part. The specific test should bedetermined following consideration of the function of the part,and should be agreed upon
27、 between manufacturer and pur-chaser.7.2 Mandatory and typical mechanical properties of mate-rials covered by this specification are shown in Tables 2-10.7.3 Tensile Properties:7.3.1 The tensile properties of MIM materials shall bemeasured using test specimens prepared and evaluated inaccordance wit
28、h MPIF Standard 50.7.3.2 Tensile Test MethodWhen requested in the purchaseorder, tensile specimens shall be prepared and processed alongwith production parts. Tensile specimens shall be tested inaccordance with Test Methods E8. Yield strength shall bedetermined by the 0.2% offset method. MPIF Standa
29、rd 50governs the manufacture of the test bars, while Test MethodsE8 governs the testing procedure.7.4 Impact Energy Properties:7.4.1 Typical impact energy properties of materials coveredby this specification are shown in Tables 2-5.7.4.2 The impact energy properties of MIM materials shallbe measured
30、 using test specimens prepared and evaluated inaccordance with MPIF Standard 59.7.4.3 Impact Energy Test MethodWhen requested in thepurchase order, impact energy specimens shall be prepared andprocessed along with production parts.7.5 Density:7.5.1 The density of MIM materials shall be measured inac
31、cordance with Test Method B311 or MPIF Standard 63. If atest specimen gains mass when immersed in water, it shall betested in accordance with Test Method B962.7.6 Apparent HardnessThe apparent hardness of MIMmaterials shall be measured in accordance with Test MethodsE18.7.7 Microindentation Hardness
32、The microindentationhardness of MIM materials shall be measured in accordancewith Test Method B933 or MPIF Standard 51.8. Corrosion Resistance Requirements8.1 Corrosion Resistance:8.1.1 The preferred method of verifying the acceptableperformance of a finished part is a qualification test to beperfor
33、med on an actual part. The specific test should beB883 172determined following consideration of the function of the part,and should be agreed upon between manufacturer and pur-chaser.8.1.2 Typical corrosion resistance of materials covered bythis specification is shown in Table 6.8.1.3 The corrosion
34、resistance of MIM materials shall bemeasured using test specimens prepared in accordance withMPIF Standard 59.8.1.4 Corrosion Resistance Test MethodWhen requestedin the purchase order, corrosion resistance specimens shall beprepared and processed along with production parts. MPIFStandard 59 governs
35、the manufacture of specimens, but TestMethod F1089 governs corrosion resistance testing for coppersulfate and boiling water. MPIF Standard 62 governs corrosionresistance testing for sulfuric acid.9. Thermal Conductivity Requirements9.1 Mandatory and typical thermal conductivity values forMIM-Cu are
36、shown in Table 7 and Table 8.9.2 The thermal conductivity of MIM materials shall bemeasured in accordance with Test Method E1461.10. Thermal Expansion Coefficient10.1 The typical coefficients of thermal expansion forMIM-Cu material are shown in Table 9 and Table 10.10.2 The coefficient of thermal ex
37、pansion for MIM-Cu wasdetermined in accordance with Test Method E228. A push-roddilatometer was used for the tests, using a 1.8 F min(1 C min) heating rate in air atmosphere. The average coef-ficient of thermal expansion was determined at room tempera-ture 68 F (20 C) up to a series of temperatures.
38、11. Sampling11.1 TestingThe manufacturer and purchaser shall mutu-ally agree upon the number of specimens to represent the lotfor qualification, chemical, mechanical, or corrosion resistanceproperty testing.12. Inspection12.1 Inspection of the parts supplied under this specificationshall be the resp
39、onsibility of the manufacturer or a mutuallyagreed upon third party.12.2 If the purchaser desires that a representative witnessthe inspection and testing of the material prior to shipment,such a requirement shall be part of the purchase order.13. Rejection13.1 Parts that fail to conform to the requi
40、rements of thisspecification may be rejected. Rejection should be reported tothe manufacturer or supplier promptly and in writing.14. Certification14.1 When specified in the purchase order, a manufacturerscertification shall be furnished to the purchaser that the partswere manufactured, samples test
41、ed, and inspected in accor-dance with this specification and found to meet its require-ments. When specified in the purchase order, a report of the testresults shall be furnished.15. Keywords15.1 coefficient of thermal expansion; corrosion resistance;low-alloy steels; mechanical properties; metal in
42、jection moldedparts; metal injection molded steels; metal injection molding(MIM); metal powders; MIM; PIM; powder injection molding;sintered steels; stainless steels; thermal conductivity; un-notched Charpy impact energyB883 173TABLE 1 Chemical Composition Requirements For Metal Injection Molded Mat
43、erials (weight %)MaterialDesignationFe Ni Cr Co Mo C Cu Si Mn Nb + Ta V OtherMIM-2200 Min. Bal. 1.5 - - - - - - - - - -Max. Bal. 2.5 - - 0.5 0.1 - 1.0 - - - 1.0MIM-2700 Min. Bal. 6.5 - - - - - - - - - -Max. Bal. 8.5 - - 0.5 0.1 - 1.0 - - - 1.0MIM-4605 Min. Bal. 1.5 - - 0.2 0.4 - - - - - -Max. Bal. 2
44、.5 - - 0.5 0.6 - 1.0 - - - 1.0MIM-4140 Min. Bal. - 0.8 - 0.2 0.3 - - - - - -Max. Bal. - 1.2 - 0.3 0.5 - 0.6 1.0 - - 1.0MIM-316L Min. Bal. 10 16 - 2 - - - - - - -Max. Bal. 14 18 - 3 0.03 - 1.0 2.0 - - 1.0MIM-420 Min. Bal. - 12 - - 0.15 - - - - - -Max. Bal. - 14 - - 0.4 - 1.0 1.0 - - 1.0MIM-430L Min.
45、Bal. - 16 - - - - - - - - -Max. Bal. - 18 - - 0.05 - 1.0 1.0 - - 1.0MIM-440 Min. Bal. - 16 - - 0.9 - - - - - -Max. Bal. 0.6 18 - 0.75 1.25 - 1.0 1.0 3.5 - -MIM-17-4PH Min. Bal. 3 15.5 - - - 3 - - 0.15 - -Max. Bal. 5 17.5 - - 0.07 5 1.0 1.0 0.45 - 1.0MIM-Cu Min. - - - - - - 99.8 - - - - -Max. - - - -
46、 - - 100.0 - - - - 0.2AAExcluding silver.TABLE 2 Mandatory and Typical Mechanical and Physical Properties of Metal Injection Molded Low-Alloy SteelsAInch-Pound UnitsMaterialDesignationMinimum Mandatory Values Typical Values Elastic Constants Typical ValuesTensile Properties Tensile Properties Densit
47、y Hardness UnnotchedCharpyImpactEnergyBUltimateStrengthYieldStrengthElongationin1in.UltimateStrengthYieldStrengthElongationin1in.YoungsModulusPoissonsRatioMacro(apparent)Micro(converted)Cft lbf103psi 103psi % 103psi 103psi % 106psi g/cm3RockwellMIM-2200(as-sintered)37 16 20 42 18 40 28 0.28 7.6 45 H
48、RB N/D 100MIM-2700(as-sintered)55 30 20 60 37 26 28 0.28 7.6 69 HRB N/D 130MIM-4605(as-sintered)55 25 11 64 30 15 29 0.28 7.5 62 HRB N/D 50MIM-4605D(quenched andtempered)215 190 #1 240 215 2 29.5 0.28 7.5 48 HRC 55 HRC 40MIM-4140(quenched andtempered)200 155 3 240 180 5 29.5 0.28 7.5 46 HRC N/D 55AR
49、eprinted by permission from MPIF Standard 35, “Materials Standard for Metal Injection Molded Parts,” 2016, Metal Powder Industries Federation, 105 College RoadEast, Princeton, NJ 08540-6692.BMPIF Standard 59 specimens are 0.197 0.394 2.155 in. The results were not normalized to 0.394 0.394 2.165 in. since this would have resulted in higher impactenergy values.CN D indicates a value was not determined for the purpose of this standard.DThese data were measured on test bars tempered for 1 h at 350F.B883 174TABLE 3 Mandatory an
