1、2018年湖南省郴州市高三第二次教学质量监测试题英语第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列四篇短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项。ASaving Our OceansYour MissionTeach oceanographers(海洋学者)with different specialties about other ocean specialties andthus create a better understanding of the ocean as a comple
2、te, diverse system. BriefingYouve been invited to lead the International Oceanographic Conference in Oslo, Norway. Over one hundred of your fellow oceanographers will attend it. The problem is, with so many differentspecialties in the field-from geological to biological oceanography-the oceanographe
3、rs at theconference are finding it difficult to understand what their colleagues are studying, let alone to graspthe ocean as an entire, diverse system!Your job will be to give the opening speech at the Conference outlining the general kinds ofoceanography in a way that each type of oceanographers w
4、ill understand. Then, you will assigndifferent oceanographers to different projects and explain to them how best to work together. Family-x fileYounger Xpeditioners: Pick one project, and learn more about it through its photo gallery. Then,create a poster based on the animals and terrain(地形). Make s
5、ure to label each animal that you draw.Show your poster to your family and describe to them what you have drawn.Older Xpeditioners: Learn more about each of the projects: Where in the ocean wouldoceanographers go to study them? What animals might oceanographers study in the project? Which types of o
6、ceanographers would you assign for each project and how would they work together?Finally, think about the ways in which the different general kinds of oceanography might relate.Why is it important to look at the ocean as an entire system, rather than as distinct parts? How mightlooking at each separ
7、ate part and the ocean as a whole impact conservation efforts? Practice yourspeech for the Conference in front of your family.1. What is your mission according to the text?A. To save the oceans all over the earth.B. To attend the International Oceanographic Conference in Norway.C. To enter for an ac
8、tivity with one hundred fellow oceanographers.D. To help better understand the ocean as a complete, diverse system.解析：细节理解题。根据Your Mission中Teach oceanographers(海洋学者)with differentspecialties about other ocean specialties and thus create a better understanding of the ocean as acomplete, diverse syste
9、m.可知是为了帮助更好地理解海洋是一个完整的、多样化的系统。故选 D。答案：D2. Where can you get the detailed instructions for you in advance?A. From the leader of the conference.B. From Younger Xpeditioners. C. From the part of Briefing.D. From Older Xpeditioners.解析：推理判断题。根据Briefing中Your job will be to give the opening speech at theCo
10、nference outlining the general kinds of oceanography in a way that each type of oceanographerswill understand. Then, you will assign different oceanographers to different projects and explain tothem how best to work together.可知在Briefing可以提前得到详细的说明。故答案为C。答案：C3. How should you prepare your speech acco
11、rding to the text?A. Practice it at home with the family in front.B.Ask a lot of questions about the oceans.C. Create a poster to get informed.D. Invite other oceanographers to take part.解析：细节理解题。根据最后一句Practice your speech for the Conference in front of your family.可知，在家里和家人一起练习。故选A。答案：A BI have bee
12、n teaching the tenth-grade English for four years. Needless to say, I love my subjectand vowed to one day impart(透露) my love of literature to my future students. Well, I must admit, Ihave made more than a difference. I have changed the way students perceive(感知) literature andhave even inspired some
13、to become English teachers.One student in particular is named John. I met him last year when he was a student in myEnglish class during the eighth period. He sat in the back often, saying very little. However, I sensedthat he was taking in all that I taught. John was never absent nor was he late. He
14、 seemed very maturefor his age.As the year progressed, we read lots of poetry and various stories about different cultures and real-life experiences. I have always wanted literature to speak to my students so that they could findrelevant connections which would finally give them that motivation to r
15、ead, write and interpret.While reading and writing poetry, John wrote some beautiful poetry that spoke of his experiences asa black male inAmerica.On the last day of school, students were asked to write a brief autobiographical essay and todedicate(献给) it to someone he or she thought was significant
16、 in his or her life. John dedicated hisessay to me and used clip art that decorated the dedication with roses.He stated in the essay that some people you meet in life are flowers, but then there are thosewho are roses. Ms. Hopkins, Ijust want you to know that you are a rose in my life and I have enj
17、oyedevery minute of being in your class. You have shown me that I have purpose in life and that I am apoet. I will never forget you. Tears streamed down my eyes. I had had a particularly hard personallife that year and somehow that letter made it worth the struggle.Making a significant contribution
18、to someones life is something money could never buy. Teaching allows teachers to make a positive difference in the life of someone.4. Whats the authors purpose to take John for example?A. To show that her students were all excellent readers.B. To develop her own idea about English literature.C. To p
19、rove what she had just said was true. D. To persuade her readers to change their minds.解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句I have changed the way students perceive(感知)literature and have even inspired some to become English teachers.和第二段One student inparticular is named John. I met him last year when he was a student
20、 in my English class during theeighth period. He sat in the back often, saying very little. However, I sensed that he was taking in allthat I taught. John was never absent nor was he late. He seemed very mature for his age.由此推知，作者把John当做例子是为了为了证明她刚才所说的是真的。故答案为C。答案：C5. Why did John choose to dedicate
21、 his autobiographical essay to Ms. Hopkins?A. He thought she was significant in his life.B. He wanted to say to her that she was a red rose.C. He expected her to know he had enjoyed her class.D. He remembered she had promised to let him be a poet. 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Ms. Hopkins, Ijust want you to know
22、 that you are arose in my life and I have enjoyed every minute of being in your class. You have shown me that Ihave purpose in life and that I am a poet. I will never forget you.可知，约翰选择把他的自传性文章献给霍普金斯女士是因为他认为她在他的生活中很重要。故选A。答案：A6. What kind of person was the author according to the text?A. Gentle.B. P
23、assionate.C. Humorous.D. Indifferent.解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句Tears streamed down my eyes. I had had aparticularly hard personal life that year and somehow that letter made it worth the struggle.从文章可以推知作者是充满激情的。故选B。 答案：B7. Which of the following can be the best title for this text?A. The difference a goo
24、d teacher can makeB. The friendship Ms. Hopkins and John developedC.An experience only Ms. Hopkins and her students could haveD. The significant contribution everyone can make解析：主旨大意题。根据文章最后一句Teaching allows teachers to make a positive differencein the life of someone.可知，教学可以让老师在人的生活中产生积极的影响。可知A项正确。
25、答案：A CZach Bonner knows just how far trying can get you. Earlier this month the eleven-year-oldcompleted his biggest charity project to date. He walked almost two thousand kilometers from his home in Florida to Washington D.C. to raise money for homeless children inAmerica. Zach calledhis project Fr
26、om My House to the White House. He carried a message to theAmerican presidentand lawmakers. He asked for help for the homeless children in the United States. The walk raisedtens of thousands of dollars for Zachs cause.His mother says Zach has always enjoyed community service work. It began when Hurr
27、icane Charley hit Florida in 2014. Zach decided to help victims by walking around his area with his littlered wagon collecting and giving out bottles of water. He got the nickname Little Red Wagon Boy.Now, Little Red Wagon is the name of Zachs foundation. It has raised money for playgrounds andshelt
28、ers for homeless children. Zach also gives out thousands of backpacks. He fills each Zachpacwith a toy, personal cleaning supplies, socks, sewing supplies, a first-aid kit and food.Zach has won many awards, met several presidents and been on television. But that is not whyhe wants to help people. Za
29、ch Bonner says if you have a good heart you have to use it.And, he says,charity work is a lot of fun.Eighteen-year-old Christina Johnson and her older sister Geneva started their project, Bring ItOn in the Bronx area of New York City in 2014. They wanted to improve the place where they lived.The are
30、a was so dangerous that their parents would not let them play outside.The girls started a program to empower children in their community. Bring It On organizesenvironmental jams to clean up waste in the area. The group also holds classes and talks on health, leadership, how to set up small businesse
31、s and other issues. Bring It On receives money and othersupport from local businesses and other sponsors.8. Which of the following is NOT true about Zach Bonner?A. He had persuaded his mother to work with him.B. His walk helped raise a large amount of money.C. He won his nickname by helping the vict
32、ims with a little red wagon.D. He enjoyed himself in doing community service work.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中He walked almost two thousand kilometers from his homein Florida to Washington D.C. to raise money for homeless children inAmerica.可知排除B；第二段中的第一句His mother says Zach has always enjoyed community service
33、work.可知排除D；第二段中Charley hit Florida in 2014. Zach decided to help victims by walking around his area with hislittle red wagon collecting and giving out bottles of water. He got the nickname Little Red WagonBoy. Now, Little Red Wagon is the name of Zachs foundation. It has raised money for playgrounds
34、 and shelters for homeless children.可知排除C。由此推知B/C/D三项是关于ZachBonner的内容，A项不是。故选A。答案：A9. Why was Zach Bonners foundation started?A. To ask theAmerican president and lawmakers for help.B. To win awards and appear on television.C. To have a lot of fun with other people.D. To raise money for homeless chil
35、dren.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中It has raised money for playgrounds and shelters forhomeless children. Zach Bonner的基金会开始为无家可归的孩子筹集资金。故选D。答案：D10. What does the underlined phrase empower children in the last paragraph refer to?A. Give children the power to do anything. B. Take control of children.C. Enable childr
36、en to live safely.D. Stop children playing with each other.解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段最后一句They wanted to improve the place where they lived.他们想要改善他们居住的地方。The area was so dangerous that their parents would not let them play outside.这个地区太危险了，他们的父母不让他们在外面玩。和第五段第一句The girlsstarted a program to empower children in th
37、eir community.女孩们开始了一个项目，为了让她们社区里的孩子们更有力量。可知答案为C。答案：C11. What can be inferred according to the text?A. Little Red Wagon and Bring It On are the nicknames of youths.B. Young people are leading the way in volunteering in the United States.C. The girls started their program to find lost children in the
38、ir community.D. Christina Johnson and Geneva are making efforts to raise money.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中Bring It On organizes environmental jams to clean upwaste in the area. The group also holds classes and talks on health, leadership, how to set up smallbusinesses and other issues. Bring It On receives mon
39、ey and other support from local businessesand other sponsors.由此推知，在美国，年轻人在志愿活动中处于领先地位。故选B。 答案：B DCompanion planting is the idea that when some crops are planted together, they help each othergrow. The compatible plants generally have similar needs for nutrients, soil and moisture.Advice for companio
40、n plantings is sometimes based more on tradition than proof. But FabianFernandez at the University of Illinois says there is evidence for some combinations. These can leadto better crops, reduce disease and help with pest control by attracting helpful insects. For example,some kinds of soil bacteria
41、 take nitrogen(氮) from the air and make a form that plants can use. Theplants keep the nitrogen in their roots. Legumes(豆类) are especially good at this. Any cropssharing the same space can get the nitrogen as the roots decompose(腐烂).Crops like beans and potatoes, carrots and cabbages, beans and rice
42、 can also share territory wellbecause their roots reach different levels in the soil. Deep-rooted vegetables get nutrients and moisture from lower down, so they do not compete with shallower plants. But some plants placedtogether may harm each others development. For example, tomatoes do not like we
43、t soil butwatercress does, as the name suggests. So you would probably not want to put them together.Even after harvest, some kinds of produce should be kept apart.Apples, for example, releaseethylene gas,a plant hormone. It can cause other foods to ripen(成熟)too quickly. Markets oftenseparate high e
44、thylene-producing foods from those that are sensitive to the gas. But sometimes youmight want them together. For example, if you put an apple in a bag with a green banana, the bananawill be ready to eat sooner.Now what about peaches, plums and nectarines that are too firm to eat? Growers in Californ
45、iaanswer this question at . They say an apple,a banana or a riper piece of fruit isnot needed. The peaches, plums and nectarines themselves release enough of the gas to ripensuccessfully.Heres their advice: place the fruit in afruit bowl or in a paper bag with the top folded over. Keep the fruit at
46、room temperature. When the fruit is soft enough to your liking, either use it or placeit in a refrigerator to stop further ripening.12. What are the basic needs for companion planting?A. Good old companions.B. Some kinds of soil bacteria. C. Nutrients, soil and moisture.D. Helpful insects.解析：细节理解题。根
47、据第一段最后一句The compatible plants generally have similar needsfor nutrients, soil and moisture.可知，兼容模式种植的基本要求是nutrients, soil and moisture.故答案为C。答案：C13. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A. To some extent, companion planting relies more on traditional experience.B. In t
48、he field of companion planting, proof always speaks louder than tradition.C. Traditional experience is much less reliable than scientific experiments.D. Scientific researches have thrown light on the theory of companion planting.解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句Advice for companion plantings is sometimes basedmore
49、on tradition than proof.对同伴种植的建议有时更多的是基于传统而不是证据。可知划线 句子的意思是在某种程度上，同伴种植更多地依赖于传统经验。故选A。答案：A14.According to the text, which group of plants are not suitable to be planted together?A. Beans and potatoes.B. Tomatoes and watercress.C. Carrots and cabbages.D. Beans and rice.解析：推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句For example,
50、tomatoes do not like wet soil butwatercress does, as the name suggests.可知Tomatoes and watercress.不适合在一起种植。故答案为B。答案：B15. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?A. We should choose fruit from markets as often as possible. B. The peaches, plums and nectarines should always be put together to
