1、2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）英语第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）第一节单项填空21. Lessons can be learned to face the future, _ history cannot be changed.A. thoughB. asC. sinceD. unless解析：该题考查的是状语从句的连词辨析。Though尽管；as随着，因为；since自从，既然；unless除非，如果不；句意：尽管历史不能改变，但是为了面对未来我们还是要从历史中学会教训。根据句意 可知上下文之间存在着转折关系，所以使用though表示让步和转折。故A正确。答案：
2、A22. The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work _ a good impression isa must.A. whichB. whenC. asD. where解析：该题考查定语从句。该题定语从句的先行词是work，后面的定语从句a good impression is a must的句子结构很完整，所以使用关系副词在句中作状语，同时也引导起这个定语从句。句意：在日常交流中这本书帮助了很多，尤其是在需要有良好印象的工作之中。A、C两项都是关系代词在句中不能作状语，when 的先
3、行词通常都是指时间的名词。故D正确。答案：D23. -How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?-Well, the media_ _ it in a variety of forms.A. coverB. will coverC. have coveredD. covered解析：该题考查句子时态。句意：你对即将在南京举行的青奥会了解多少？很好，媒体以多种形式对青奥会举行了报道。根据本句中的well，可知后者对青奥会很了解。这主要是因为媒体多种形式的报道，本句使用现在完成时体现出过去所发生
4、的事情对现在的影响。故C正确。 答案：C24. Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay _.A. in placeB. in order C. in shapeD. in fashion解析：该题考查的是与介词in有关的短语辨析。in place有序，在适当的位置；in order井井有条；in shape健康的，状态良好的；in fashion流行的，时尚的；句意：为了保持健康，每天早晨Tom总去慢跑，也经常做引体向上。根据句意可知Tom锻炼的目的是为了保持健康。故C正确。
5、答案：C25. Top graduates from universities are _ by major companies.A. chasedB. registeredC. offeredD. compensated 解析：该题考查动词词义辨析。chase追求，追逐；register登记，注册；offer提供；compensate补偿，赔偿。句意：来自大学里的优秀毕业生收到大公司的追逐。本句表示大公司愿意接受大学的优秀毕业生。根据句意可知A正确。答案：A26. -What a mess! You are always so lazy!-Im not to blame, mum. I am
6、 _ you have made me.A. howB. whatC. thatD. who解析：该题考查名词性从句中的表语从句。表语从句通常都是放在系动词be的后面，说明主语的情况。 本句中的what引导起宾语从句，并在宾语从句里放在made me的后面做宾语补足语。句意：真乱啊！你总说这么懒！我不应该受到责备。是你让我成为这样的。That在表语从句中不能作成分，how在句中作状语。Who指人，通常都作主语。故B正确。答案：B27. She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful _ in last y
7、earselection.A. symbolB. portraitC. identityD. statue解析：该题考查名词的词义辨析。A象征；标志；符号；记号；代表人物；B肖像；identity身份；statue 雕像，塑像。句意：虽然两年前就已遭软禁，她在去年的选举中仍然是势力强大的代表人物。故A正确。答案：A28. The idea “happiness,” _, will not sit still for easy definition.A. to be rigidB. to be sure C. to be perfectD. to be fair解析：该题考查形容词词义辨析。ri
8、gid僵硬的，死板的；sure确信的，肯定的，有把握的；perfect完美的；fair公平的；句意：“幸福，”可以肯定的是，不是个静态简单的定义。根据句意可知B项符合上下文串联。答案：B29. His lecture _, a lively question-and-answer session followed.A. being givenB. having givenC. to be givenD. having been given解析：该题考查非谓语动词的用法。该题较难，a lively question-and-answer session followed是一个完整的 句子，该题的
9、两部分之间缺少连词，所以逗号前面的不能是句子，只能是一个独立主格结构。名词his lecture与动词give之间构成被动关系，所以使用过去分词表示被动，排除B项。A项表示正在进行，C项不定式表示将要进行。都符合语义，D项having been done在作状语的时候相当于done。本句的独立主格结构Hislecture having been given相当于After his lecture had been given。句意：他的演讲结束后，将是一个现场问答部分。故D正确。答案：D30. -Dad, I dont think Oliver the right sort of person
10、 for the job.-I see. Ill go right away and _.A. pay him backB. pay him offC. put him away D. put him off解析：该题考查的是动词pay及put的短语辨析。pay back偿还；报复；报答；偿付；pay off付清；（付清工资后）解雇；（努力）得到回报；put away收拾，整理，放在一边，不管不顾；put off推迟。句意：爸爸，我认为Oliver并不是这份工作的合适人选。我明白的，我马上就去付清他的工资，解雇他。根据句意，本句中的pay off表示（付清工资后）解雇。故B正确。答案：B31.
11、 It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, _ bring me food.A. mightB. wouldC. shouldD. could 解析：该题考查情态动词词义辨析。might也许；would会，过去常常做某事；should应该，竟然；could能够。句意：让我难过的是，如此贫穷的他们竟然给我带来了食物。根据句意可知本句中的should表示“竟然”。故C正确。答案：C32. I cant meet you on Sunday. Ill be _ occupied. A. alsoB. justC. neverthelessD. o
12、therwise解析：该题考查副词词义辨析。also也；just只不过，仅仅；nevertheless然而，不过；otherwise要不然；另外。句意：星期天我不能去接你了，另外我还会很忙。根据句意可知本句中的otherwise表示另外，另外方面。故D正确。答案：D33. Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to _ the soul of Qu Yuan.A. rememberB. remind C. recoverD. recall解析：该题考查动词词义辨析。remember记得；remind提醒，使想起
13、；recover康复；recall回忆。句意：相传端午节是为了让我们想起屈原的精神。B项应该使用remind sb. of sth.“使某人想起某事”。根据句意可知D正确。答案：D34. Good families are much to all their members, but _ to none.A. somethingB. anythingC. everythingD. nothing 解析：该题考查代词词义辨析。something某些事情，重要人物；anything任何事情，一些事情；everything一切；nothing没有东西；没有事情；无关紧要的东西。句意：优秀的家庭对她的
14、成员们来说意味着许多，但并不是一切。根据句意可知本句使用everything一切符合上下文含义。故C正确。答案：C35. -_! Somebody has left the lab door open.-Dont look at me.A. Dear meB. Hi, thereC. Thank goodnessD. Come on解析：该题考查交际用语。Dear me天哪！（表示惊讶）Hi，there嗨，你好；Thank goodness谢天谢地； Come on加油；得了吧！句意：天哪！有人让实验室的门开着。不要看着我！不是我干的。根据句意可知前者对于实验室的门还开着很惊讶。故选择A项。答
15、案：A第二节完形填空（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分） Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of a Missouri farm to international fame because he found a way to filla universal human need.It was a need that he first 36 back in 1906 when young Dale was a junior at StateTeachers College in Warrensburg. To get an 37 , he was stru
16、ggling against many difficulties. Hisfamily was poor. His Dad couldnt afford the 38 at college, so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles toattend classes. Study had to be done 39 his farm-work routines. He withdrew from many schoolactivities 40 he didnt have the time or the 41 . He had only one good s
17、uit. He tried 42the football team, but the coach turned him down for being too 43 During this period Dale was slowly44 an inferiority complex (自卑感), which his mother knew could 45 him from achieving his realpotential. She 46 that Dale join the debating team, believing that 47 in speaking could giveh
18、im the confidence and recognition that he needed.Dale took his mothers advice, tried desperately and after several attempts 48 made it. This proved to be a 49 point in his life. Speaking before groups did help him gain the 50 he needed. Bythe time Dale was a senior, he had won every top honor in 51
19、. Now other students were coming to himfor coaching and they, 52 , were winning contests.Out of this early struggle to 53 his feelings of inferiority. Dale came to understand that the abilityto 54 an idea to an audience builds a persons confidence. And, 55 it. Dale knew he coulddo anything he wanted
20、 to doand so could others.36.A. admittedB. filledC. suppliedD. recognized解析：考查动词词义辨析。A承认；B填充，装满；C提供；D认识到；认出；戴尔卡耐基从密苏里的一 个默默无闻的农场里走出来成为一名国际大师，是因为他找到一个方法来满足人们共同的需要。这个需要是1906年他在State Teachers College学习的时候意识到的。本句是一个强调句型，强调的是recognize的宾语need。答案：D37.A. assignmentB. educationC. advantageD. instruction解析：考查
21、名词词义辨析及上下文串联。A任务；工作；B教育；C优势；D指导；为了得到教育，戴尔卡耐基与很多困难在做斗争。根据下文叙述可知他为了求得教育，他克服了很多困难。答案：B 38.A. trainingB. boardC. teachingD. equipment 解析：考查名词辨析及语境理解。A培训；B寄宿膳食；C教育；D设备；他的父亲没有钱付他的大学寄宿膳食的钱，他不得不骑马12英里去上学。答案：B39.A. betweenB. duringC. overD. through解析：考查介词辨析。A在之间；B在期间；C超过；越过；D通过。他的很多学习都是在农场到学校途中进行的，因为他在上学的路上要
22、花很多时间。答案：A40. A. whileB. whenC. becauseD. though解析：考查连词辨析及上下文串联。A当时；然而，尽管；B当时；C因为；D尽管；因为他没有时间也没有衣服，所以他没有参加各种学校的活动。上下文之间存在着因果关系，所以使用because。答案：C41.A. permitsB. interestC. talentD. clothes 解析：考查名词辨析及上下文串联。A允许，许可证；B兴趣；C才干；D服装。因为他没有时间也没有衣服，所以他没有参加各种学校的活动。A、B、C三项与句意不相符。答案：D42.A. onB. forC. inD. with解析：考查
23、固定搭配。try on试穿；try for申请。他申请参加足球队，但是教练拒绝了他，说他体重太轻了。答案：B43.A. light B. flexibleC. optimisticD. outgoing解析：考查形容词辨析。A轻的；淡的；B灵活的；C乐观的；D外向的。B、C、D三项和教练拒绝队员没有联系，如果队员过于瘦弱，不适合足球这项剧烈运动，教练的拒绝是有理由的。答案：A 44.A. gainingB. achievingC. developingD. obtaining解析：考查动词词义辨析。A赢得；B实现；C形成，发展；D获得。在这段时间里，卡耐基慢慢地形成了一种自卑感。通常都使用de
24、velop表示养成，形成一种性格。故C正确。答案：C45.A. preventB. protectC. save D. free解析：考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。A阻止；B保护；C挽救；D使免受。他妈妈知道这种自卑感会阻止他发展自身的潜力。本句中的prevent sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人做某事”，这个结构符合上下文含义。答案：A46.A. suggestedB. demandedC. requiredD. insisted解析：考查动词词义辨析及语法。A建议；B要求；C请求；D坚持要求，坚持认为。他的妈妈建议他参加辩论队，认为辩论队里的演讲的练习会给与他所需要的认可和信
25、心。根据句意可知A项正确，而且在join 前面省略了should，这是一个虚拟语气。答案：A47.A. presenceB. practiceC. patienceD. potential解析：考查名词词义辨析及上下文串联。A出席；B练习；C耐心；D潜力。他的妈妈建议他参加辩论队，认为辩论队里的演讲的练习会给与他所需要的认可和信心。故B正确。答案：B48.A. hopefully B. certainlyC. finallyD. naturally解析：考查副词词义辨析及上下文串联。A有希望地；B当然；C最后；D自然地。卡耐基采纳了妈妈的建议，多次努力以后，最后终于成功了。根据after se
26、veral attempts可知C项正确。答案：C 49.A. keyB. breakingC. basicD. turning解析：考查词义辨析。A关键的；B破坏的；C基本的；D转折的；turning point转折点。这件事情证明是他人生的转折点。从此他走了上成功之路。答案：D50.A. progressB. experienceC. competence D. confidence解析：考查名词词义辨析及上下文串联。A进步；B经历，经验；C能力，技能；D自信。在很多人面前发表演讲帮助他得到了他所需要的信心。之前他曾经一度很自卑，现在演讲让他重新获得自信。答案：D51.A. horse-r
27、idingB. footballC. speechD. farming解析：考查上下文串联。A骑马；B足球；C演讲；D农艺。到他大四的时候，他赢得了演讲方面所有的最高荣誉。有很多学生都来向他寻求指导，接着在他的指导之下，他们也相继赢得了比赛。答案：C 52.A. in returnB. in briefC. in turnD. in fact解析：考查介词短语辨析及上下文串联。A作为回报；B简洁地；C依次，轮流；D实际上。有很多学生都来向他寻求指导，接着在他的指导之下，他们也相继赢得了比赛。in turn表示那些学生也相继成功了。答案：C53.A. conveyB. overcomeC. un
28、derstand D. build解析：考查动词词义辨析及上下文串联。A传达；B克服；C理解；D建设。在之前克服自卑的斗争中，卡耐基逐渐理解向听众表达观点能够增强一个人的信心。答案：B54.A. express B. stressC. contributeD. repeat解析：考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。A表达；B使承受；C贡献，导致；D重复。卡耐基逐渐理解向听众表达观点能够增强一个人的信心。故A正确。答案：A55.A. besidesB. beyondC. likeD. with解析：考查介词辨析。with it中的it是指耐心，有了耐心，他可以做他想做的一切。 答案：D第三部分阅读理解(
29、共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。ANever before had a kitchen so much of a History It tells of Freedom, Success, and of the Architecture of big American cities. Because that is where it started:in the second half of the 19th century!Welcome to a new Era of Kitchen Interior DesignB
30、ack then, a Generation of successful American Entrepreneurs dreamt of a new style of Architecture toexpress their personal wealth. This dream was realized by young architects such as Daniel Burnham and StanfordWhite.They all had studied at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris. And they created a new st
31、yle for Architecture andInterior Design, named after the famous French Art Institute: Beaux Arts.SieMatic BeauxArts Breaks and CreatesIn fact it was not a new style at all, but a composition of styles from different periods and cultures. Manyworld-famous structures such as the Chicago Art Institute
32、and the Statue of Liberty account for it. But what doesthat have to do with your kitchen? Just as much as you want it to. Because in the same way that the anti-conventional architects back then took the freedom to combine elements from different historical eras, today,you too can break the conventio
33、nal rules of style and create something new: your own personal composition of your kitchen. For that, SieMatic BeauxArts offers unique opportunities: A broad range of seemingly conflictingfeatures that you combine to a harmonious design of your own. You can choose from menu of various forms,appealin
34、g colors, and precious materials, to create an environment that is much more than just a kitchen: areflection of your personality.56. Why did the BeauxArts style attract American entrepreneurs?A. It helped display their money status.B. It was created by famous architects.C. It was named after a famo
35、us institute.D. It represented the 19th century urban culture.解析：推理题。根据Back then, a Generation of successful American Entrepreneurs dreamt of a new style ofArchitecture to express their personal wealth可知这种风格能够表现他们的私人财富，也就是说能够显示他们有钱。故A正确。 答案：A57. What is unique of SieMatic BeauxArts?A. Its designs ar
36、e anti-conventional.B. Its designs come from famous structures.C. Its customers can enjoy their own composition.D. Its customers can choose from various new styles.解析：推理题。根据you too can break the conventional rules of style and create something new: your ownpersonal composition of your kitchen. For t
37、hat, SieMatic BeauxArts offers unique opportunities: A broad range ofseemingly conflicting features that you combine to a harmonious design of your own.可知SieMatic BeauxArts让顾客有机会显示自己的构思。故C正确。答案：C B However wealthy we may be, we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want.Economic
38、s deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost, which simply refers to whethersomeones time or money could be better spent on something else.Every hour of our time has a value. For every hour we work at one job we could quite easily be doinganother, or be sleeping or watching a fi
39、lm. Each of these options has a different opportunity costnamely, whatthey cost us in missed opportunities.Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of hoursto get to and from the stadium. Why not, you might reason, watch the game from home
40、and use the leftovermoney and time to have dinner with friends? Thisthe alternative use of your cash and timeis the opportunitycost.For economists, every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgoin terms of money andenjoymentin order to take it up. By knowing precisely what you are receiv
41、ing and what you are missing out on, you ought to be able to make better-informed, more reasonable decisions. Consider that most famous economicrule of all: theres no such thing as a free lunch. Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free, the timeyou will spend in the restaurant still
42、costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging: imagine spending your entire lifecalculating whether your time would be better spent elsewhere doing something more profitable or enjoyable. Yet, in a sense its human nature to
43、 do precisely thatwe assess the advantages and disadvantages of decisions all thetime.In the business world, a popular phrase is “value for money.” People want their cash to go as far as possible.However, another is fast obtaining an advantage: “value for time.” The biggest restriction on our resour
44、ces is thenumber of hours we can devote to something, so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time.By reading this passage you are giving over a bit of your time which could be spent doing other activities, such assleeping and eating. In return, however, this passage will help
45、you to think like an economist, closely consideringthe opportunity cost of each of your decisions.58. According to the passage, the concept of “opportunity cost” is applied to _.A. making more moneyB. taking more opportunitiesC. reducing missed opportunities D. weighing the choice of opportunities解析
46、：推理题。根据文章第一段2，3行Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunitycost, which simply refers to whether someones time or money could be better spent on something else.可知opportunity cost是指人们思考自己的时间金钱是否可以更好地被利用在其他的事情上。也就是在衡量自己的选择是否合理。故D项符合。答案：D59. The “leftover . time” in Paragraph 3
47、probably refers to the time _.A. spared for watching the match at homeB. taken to have dinner with friendsC. spent on the way to and from the matchD. saved from not going to watch the match解析：推理题。根据文章第三段Why not, you might reason, watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have d
48、inner with friends?人们本来是想去看球赛，但是球赛的票太贵了。所以就把本来准备看球赛的金钱和时间用在了别的地方，那么这里的leftover money and time就是指看球赛来回所花费的时间。故C正确。答案：C60. What are forgone opportunities?A. Opportunities you forget in decision-making.B. Opportunities you give up for better ones.C. Opportunities you miss accidentally.D. Opportunities
49、you make up for.解析：推理题。根据文章第三段Even if someone offers to take you out to lunch for free, the time you will spendin the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.即使有人带你去享受免费的午餐，在这种情况下，你吃饭的时间还是会让你失去某些东西。这是从forgone opportunities的角度来说的，也就是 说你还可以用这段时间做更有价值，更有意义的事情，但是你却把他用来享用这段免费的午餐。所以forgoneopportunities就是指放弃的机会。故B正确。答案：B C Most damagin
