1、2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖北卷）英语第二部分：词汇知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节：多项选择（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。21. Her _ for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.A. motivationB. qualificationC. talent D. technique解析：motivation动机。考查名词。译文：他写作的动机是希望女性获得更高教育的机会。A. motivation动机。与A
2、项相关联的词是desire。答案：A22. When Richard said, “You are much more agreeable and prettier now,” Joans face turned redat the unexpected _.A. commandB. comparisonC. complimentD. contribution解析：compliment恭维。考查名词。译文：当理查德说：“你现在更友善和漂亮”时，简因为这意外的恭维而脸红。干扰项是B项。要看话语的意图，不能停留在形式上。 答案：C23. Seeing the big crowd coming to
3、wards him, he started to run down the hill, but _ andwent down on his hands and knees in the melting snow.A. slippedB. skiedC. signalledD. sank解析：slipped滑到，考查动词。译文：看见一大群人朝他过来，他开始望山下跑。但是他滑到了，手和膝盖磕在渐融的雪地上。答案：A24. The old rules have to be _ because they only applied to the circumstances that existed wh
4、en they were made a hundred years ago.A. developedB. establishedC. observedD. revised 解析：revised修改，考查动词。译文：老的规则要修改，因为他们只适用于一百多年前制定时所适用的状况。C项干扰项，语义不合乎逻辑。答案：D25. Ive been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with thenetwork; I cant seem to _.A. get throughB. get offC.
5、 get inD. get along解析：get through接通电话，考查动词短语。译文：一整晚上我都试图给查尔斯打电话，但是网络肯定出了故障，我似乎不能接通电话。答案：A 26. Is this your necklace, Mary? I _ it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.A. came acrossB. dealt withC. looked afterD. went for解析：come across偶遇，意外发现，考查动词短语。译文：玛丽这是你的项链吗？今天早上我在清理浴室时意外发现的。答案：A27. What
6、 was so _ about Jasmine Westlands victory was that she came first in the marathonbare-footed.A. awfulB. essential C. impressiveD. obvious解析：impressive留下深刻印象的，考查形容词。译文：Jasmine Westlands的成功令人印象深刻的是，她光着脚第一个冲过了马拉松的终点。was impressive about令人印象深刻的，类似的be special about。答案：C28. Instead of blaming the child wh
7、o had broken the vase, she gave him a _ smile and lethim go.A. cautiousB. gratefulC. tolerantD. wild 解析：tolerant宽容的，考查形容词。译文：不但没有责备打破花瓶的那个孩子，相反她露出了宽容的微笑，让他走了。答案：C 29. Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said _, “Dont be so mean,”pointing a finger of warning at her.A. dreadfullyB. guilt
8、ilyC. indirectlyD. sharply解析：sharply机敏地，尖刻地，考查副词。译文：Sabrina刚一说完，Albert就反唇相讥：“别那么小气。”同时用威胁的手势指着她。答案：D30. Check carrots, potatoes, onions and any other vegetables _ and immediately use orthrow away any which show signs of rotting.A. in demand B. in storeC. on loanD. on sale解析：in store储存，介词短语。译文：检查胡萝卜、
9、土豆、洋葱及其他储存的蔬菜，要马上吃或者把有腐烂迹象的蔬菜扔掉。答案：B第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。When our restaurant business failed, we headed north in a camping truck to Texas, hoping tohave a “fresh start”. At the 31 of Palo Duro Canyon (峡谷) State Park, I 32 a job advertisement hiring
10、park hosts. The position offered a 33 , permanent campsite in the park, and 34 , the hostsserved as a link between the parks guests and the rangers (护林人). It was the perfect solution: arent-free place to reorganize our lives. We entered the park and I made an 35 for thefollowing day.The park was 36
11、, so it took us some time to find an available site. That evening, as wefinished our dinner, my wife saw two large skunks (臭鼬) walking toward our table. We 37climbed onto the table and, for the next four hours, waited for them to 38 our camp.Having survived that night, we were 39 that everything els
12、e would be all right. The next daywe met with the people who ran the park. They explained our 40 and gave us a beautifulcampsite.That evening, 41 , we learned about the canyon 42 . They were strong and cold,rocking our little camping truck violently, and we lay 43 in the dark until the winds died aw
13、ay.44 the weeks that followed, we learned to survive in our truck and 45 the little moneymy wife 46 by substitute teaching. Building a successful business and then losing it had leftvery little time for building a successful 47 . For a time after our business 48 I thought Imight lose my family as we
14、ll. Living in the tiny 49 with no television, we sat close together reading and talking. Oneevening, standing under a jeweled sky, I found myself 50 for all the hardships. We hadwalked the trails and climbed the canyon walls. We had become a family!31.A. backB. edgeC. centreD. entrance32.A. sponsore
15、dB. publishedC. noticedD. answered 33.A. safeB. freeC. convenientD. beautiful34.A. in returnB. in timeC. in shortD. in turn35.A. attemptB. agreement C. appealD. appointment36.A. crowdedB. dangerousC. idealD. quiet37.A. repeatedlyB. immediatelyC. eventuallyD. calmly38. A. attackB. leaveC. passD. sear
16、ch39.A. satisfied B. determinedC. confidentD. aware40.A. responsibilitiesB. requirementsC. circumstancesD. conditions41.A. moreoverB. thereforeC. meanwhileD. however 42.A. windsB. snowsC. woodsD. trails43.A. shakingB. quarrellingC. mourningD. aching44.A. AfterB. Between C. DuringD. Beyond45.A. give
17、awayB. hand outC. live onD. put aside46.A. borrowedB. earnedC. postedD. raised47. A. businessB. careerC. familyD. image48. A. startedB. failedC. expandedD. declined49.A. truckB. parkC. houseD. camp50.A. desperateB. readyC. suitableD. thankful 解析：31.选D. entrance国家公园入口张贴广告，且第二段最后一句We entered the park为
18、提示信息。32.选C. noticed注意到去德州在，路经Palo Duro Canyon (峡谷) State Park时的不经意中看到的。A. sponsored资助，主人公生意失败，应该没多少钱出资。32.选B. free免费的下文提示。本段It was the perfect solution: a rent-free place to reorganizeour lives.划线处。34.选A. in return作为回报。这个岗位给人们一份免费长期的野营地，作为交换，野营者们充当游客和护林人之间的纽带。35.选D. appointment make an appointment预约
19、的意思。与第五段The next day we met withthe people who ran the park.相呼应。36.选A. crowded公园中有点拥挤所以主人公花了一段时间才找到可以落脚的位置。与下一句有因果关系。 37.选B. immediately看见臭鼬来骚扰。主人公一家立即爬上桌子等了四个小时，直到他们离开。38.选B. leave解析见上面一题。39.选C. confident自信的主人公在熬过一夜后，坚信一切会好起来。40.选A. responsibilities责任。公园管理者想主人公说明了应尽的义务与上文第二段中thehosts served as a li
20、nk between the parks guests and the rangers呼应。41.选D. however然而。主人公一家在公园里第一天是臭鼬的考验，第二晚是强风。表示一波未平一波又起。42.选A. winds与本段所写的遭遇有关。43.选A. shaking上文中They were strong and cold, rocking our little camping truck violently,使我们的小野营车猛烈地摇晃，有提示。44.选C. During在期间考查介词。在接下来的几周内，主人公学会了在卡车上过日子并且以靠妻子做代课老师所挣的钱维持生计。不是指动作的先后。
21、A. After干扰项。 45.选C. live on以为生，靠养活。解析见上面一题。46.选B. earned挣钱。解析见上面44题。47.选C. family与本段及全文主旨有关。主人公的生意先赢后亏使得他想建立一个成功的家庭所剩时间无几。失意后的一段时间他也想过回失去家庭。48.选B. failed失败。解析见上面一题。 49.选A. truck上文中就有所指。B. park和D. camp都与tiny不符合，文章的信息有提示。50.选D. thankful. One evening, standing under a jeweled sky, I found myself 50 for
22、 all thehardships。文章重在写心路历程和感悟，所遇挫折使他心存感恩之情。a jeweled sky感情色彩有提示。答案：31. D 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. D 36. A 37. B 38. B 39. C 40. A41. D 42. A 43. A 44. C 45. C 46. B 47. C 48. B 49. A 50. D第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。ABefore I had my son, I spent two years workin
23、g with children with disabilities. I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result in a disaster. Coming up against their behaviourcould only make the job harder and their behaviour more extreme. I found something that worked,though.There was a very naughty boy in the nursery and a te
24、acher who was generally very confidentwith the children was asked to take charge of him. One day the boy joined a session in the roomnext to mine. His appearance created an atmosphere of tension. He spent the entire sessionrunning around, hitting and kicking, and destroying property.I was in the cra
25、ft room working with some other children when my co-worker told me thatthis boys teacher was in tears, and could not get control of the situation. As we were talking, theboy ran in. I told my co-worker that I would take care of him.I closed the door. He was full of energy, throwing things around and
26、 making a huge mess.But I could see that he was doing all these to annoy me. He needed connection, and this was theonly way he knew how to ask for it. So I sat back down and kept quiet. Then he slowed down and began making a rocket. I talked to him about it. We continued like this for a few minutes
27、before Islipped into the conversation:“So what happened today?”It was purely a question, no blame or anger in my tone. I believe that if I had criticized him,the gate that was slowly opening would have shut firmly closed. He told me that the teacher didntlet him do what he knew well due to safety bu
28、t asked him to do what he disliked. He also admittedthat he had enjoyed making her run around and saw it as a game. I explained that his teacher hadnot seen it as a game and was very upset. This again was stated simply as a fact. I suggested thatnext time he had a session, he talk about what he hope
29、d to do at the start, which might be easierfor everyone. He agreed and was quiet for a moment. Then he looked at me with tears in his eyesbefore quietly asking if he could go to find his teacher to apologize.51. The boy made trouble for his teacher because he _. A. was accused of destroying property
30、B. was told not to yell at other childrenC. was made to do things against his willD. was blamed for creating an air of tension52. Why didnt the author do anything about the boys bad behavior at first?A. She didnt want to make it worse. B. She didnt mind the huge mess at all.C. She was tired of shout
31、ing and threats.D. She hadnt thought of a coping strategy.53. The author managed to get the boy to talk to her by _.A. playing games with himB. giving him a good suggestionC. describing his teachers feelingsD. avoiding making critical remarks54. Why did the boy have tears in his eyes in the end?A. H
32、e was sorry about his reputation.B. He was regretful about his behavior.C. He was fearful of the authors warning.D. He was sad for the authors misunderstanding.解析： 51. C.最后一段中He told me that the teacher didnt let him do what he knew well due to safetybut asked him to do what he disliked.细节理解。52. A.第
33、四段中He needed connection, and this was the only way he knew how to ask for it.可以根据文章排除三项。细节推理。53. D.见第四段最后一句，第五段第一句。细节推理。54. B.最后一段最后一句。细节理解。答案：51. C 52. A 53. D 54. B BLondons newest skyscraper (摩天大楼) is called the Shard and it cost about 430 millionpounds to build. At a height of almost 310 metres,
34、 it is the tallest building in Europe. The Shardhas completely changed the appearance of London. However, not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better.The Shard was designed by the famous Italian architect Renzo Piano. When he begandesigning the Shard for London, Piano wanted a very tall b
35、uilding that looked like a spire (尖顶).He wanted the glass surfaces to reflect the sky and the city. The sides of the building arent regular.So the building has an unusual shape. It looks like a very thin, sharp piece of broken glass. Andthat is how the building got the name: the Shard. Piano says th
36、at the spire shape of the Shard ispart of a great London tradition. The shape reminds him of the spires of the churches of London orthe tall masts (桅杆) of the ships that were once on the river Thames.The Shard has 87 floors. At the top, there is an observatory. At the moment the building isempty, bu
37、t eventually there will be a five-star hotel. There will also be top quality restaurants,apartments and offices.Before building work began, a lot of people didnt want the Shard though the plans wereapproved. Now they are still unhappy about the Shard. Some critics say that such a tall skyscraper mig
38、ht be good in a city like New York, but not in London. They say that the best thing about theShard is its spire shape. But that is the only thing. There is no decoration, only flat surfaces. TheEgyptians did that 4,500 years ago. They also think the Shard is too big for London. It destroys thebeauty
39、 of the city.Other critics dont like what the Shard seems to represent. They say that the Shard showshow London is becoming more unequal. Only very rich people can afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stay in the hotel. But the people who live near the Shard are among thepoorest in Lon
40、don. So the Shard seems a symbol of the division in society between the very richand the poor.The Shard now dominates the London skyline. It is not certain, however, that ordinaryLondon citizens will ever accept it as a valuable addition to the city.55. Londons newest skyscraper is called the Shard
41、because of _.A. its costB. its sizeC. its shapeD. its height56. When he designed the Shard, Piano wanted it to _.A. change Londons skylineB. inherit Londons tradition C. imitate the Egyptian styleD. attract potential visitors57. The critics who refer to social division think the Shard _.A. is only p
42、referred by the richB. is intended for wealthy peopleC. is far away from the poor areaD. is popular only with Londoners58. Which would be the best title for the passage?A. The Shard: Cheers and ClapsB. The Shard: Work of a Great ArchitectC. The Shard: New Symbol of London?D. The Shard: A Change for
43、the Better?解析： 55. C.第二段So the building has an unusual shape. It looks like a very thin, sharp piece of brokenglass. And that is how the building got the name: the Shard.细节理解。56. B第二段Piano says that the spire shape of the Shard is part of a great London tradition.细节理解。57. B第五段Only very rich people c
44、an afford to buy the expensive private apartments and stayin the hotel.细节理解。58. D.问题是新闻报道对第一段信息级全文的概括。标题与全文充满争议的话题一致。So theShard seems a symbol of the division in society between the very rich and the poor.此句可帮助排除C项。主旨及标题。答案：55. C 56. B 57. B 58. D C Working with a group of baboons (狒狒) in the Namib
45、ian desert, Dr. Alecia Carter of theDepartment of Zoology, Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel foodand a familiar food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch anotherbaboon who already knew how to solve the task, while others had to learn for themse
46、lves. Towork out how brave or anxious the baboons were, Dr. Carter presented them either with a novelfood or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake. She found that personality had a major impact on learning. The braver baboons learnt, but theshy ones did not learn the task although the
47、y watched the baboon perform the task of finding thenovel food just as long as the brave ones did. In effect, despite being made aware of what to do,they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones. The anxious individualsle
48、arnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not, even though they spentmore time watching.This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personalityplays a key role in social learning in animals, something that has previously been ignored instudies
49、 on how animals learn to do things. The findings are significant because they suggest thatanimals may perform poorly in cognitive (认知的) tasks not because they arent clever enough tosolve them, but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning. If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they dontassociate with the knowledgeable individuals, or they are too shy to use the i
