1、专业英语四级完型填空、语法与词汇-28及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART CLOZE(总题数：1，分数：40.00)In any society, no matter how (1) , some individuals have authority (2) others, at least within a limited sphere. Obedience is particularly relevant as societies get more (3) , where the spheres (4) authority can be (5) , beco
2、me much more differentiated. Teachers assign homework, doctors order intravenous feedings, and policemen stop automobiles (6) pupils, nurses, and motorists generally (7) . Their obedience is based on an (8) recognition that the persons who (9) the orders are operating within their (10) domain of aut
3、hority. If this domain is (11) , obedience is unlikely. Policemen cant order motorists to (12) lists of irregular French verbs or to (13) two aspirins and go to bed.Some tendency to obey authority is a vital cement that holds society together; without it, there (14) chaos. But the atrocities of this
4、 centurythe slaughter of the Armenians, the Nazi death campsgive terrible proof that this disposition to obedience can also become a corrosive poison that destroys our sense of humanity. Some of these atrocities could not have been (15) (16) the obedience of tens or hundreds of thousands and the acq
5、uiescence of many more. How could such obedience have come (17) ? Attempt to answer this question has focused on (18) of the two factors. One (19) the personality structure of the blindly obedient individual; the other emphasizes the (20) situation in which the obedient person finds himself.（分数：40.0
6、0）(1).A. prime B. primary C. primitive D. prominent（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. up B. on C. over D. on（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. complex B. complicated C. simple D. small（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. which B. what C. on which D. within which（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. asserted B. deserted C. exerted D. acted（分数：2.00）
7、A.B.C.D.(6).A. but B. while C. therefore D. as（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. work B. do C. follow D. obey（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. explicit B. implicit C. conscious D. unconscious（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. issue B. obey C. violate D. place（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. lawful B. legitimate C. legislative D. legal（分数：
8、2.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A. overlapped B. overridden C. overstepped D. overwhelmed（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A. place B. replace C. cite D. recite（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. bring B. take C. get D. prescribe（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A. are B. will be C. would be D. would have been（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(15).A. committed B.
9、made C. happened D. acted（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(16).A. for B. due to C. with D. without（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(17).A. forth B. across C. about D. out（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(18).A. all B. either C. every D. neither（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(19).A. affects B. effects C. worries D. concerns（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(20).A. social B. phy
10、sical C. psychological D. mental（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.二、PART GRAMMAR AND V(总题数：30，分数：60.00)1.A nations merchant marine is made up of its commercial ships and people _ them.A. they operate B. who operateC. they operate of D. do they operate（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.2.Factories are supplied with _ machines.A. plent
11、y of B. a great deal ofC. large number of D. vast amounts of（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.3.It wasnt such a good dinner _ she had promised us.A. that B. asC. which D. what（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.4._ the center of our planetary system was considered as heresy by the church in the Middle Ages.A. It is the sun and not the
12、 earth is B. That the sun and not the earth isC. Being the sun and not the earth is D. The sun and not the earth is（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.5.The reason that his property was confiscated by the country, it _, was that he was involved in a lot of fraudulent activities during the war.A. was turned out B. was
13、being turned outC. being turned out D. turned out（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.6._ depends on the density of both the object and the water.A. An object floats whether or not B. Whether or not an object floatsC. Floating an object whether or not D. Whether or not a floating object（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.7.Youd better ta
14、ke the keys in case I _ out.A. might be B. beC. am D. will be（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.8.America will never again have as a nation the spirit of adventure as it _ before the West was settled.A. could B. didC. would D. was（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.9.With one leg broken in that car accident, he cannot even walk, _ run.
15、A. let alone B. thats to sayC. not to speak D. not to mention（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.10.Our boss, Mr. Thompson, _ a raise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet.A. was promising B. has been promisingC. promised D. has promised（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.11.Will you send her a note for me?_.A. Id be glad to
16、B. I dont think soC. Yes, I will D. I think so（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.12.It is necessary that an efficient worker _ his work on time.A. accomplishes B. can accomplishC. accomplish D. will accomplish（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.13.I know this is the right train. The ticket agent said it would be on _.A. Platform Three
17、B. the Platform ThreeC. Third Platform D. The Three Platform（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.14.I didnt call the hotel to make a room reservation, but I _.A. may have B. must haveC. should have D. shall have（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.15.My sister will be here tomorrow, but at first I thought that she _ today.A. was coming B.
18、 is comingC. must come D. may come（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.16.Nature teaches us to love our friends but religion our _.A. children B. menC. women D. enemies（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.17.It _ to see so many children in that mountainous area cannot even afford elementary education.A. pains her B. makes her painC. is pa
19、ining D. is pained（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.18.The teachers lecture on American history was three hours long, and Morris felt very _.A. upset B. boredC. disturbed D. neglected（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.19.Its surprising that this innocent-looking person should have _ such a crime.A. performed B. madeC. acted D. commit
20、ted（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.20.Ted agreed to _ the strike if the company would satisfy the demand of the workers.A. call out B. call offC. call to D. call on（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.21.This multiple-choice test _ 40 incomplete statements with several choices to complete them.A. is composed of B. consists inC. makes
21、 up D. sets out（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.22.The student was just about to _ the question, when suddenly he found the answer.A. arrive at B. work outC. submit to D. give up（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.23.Expected noises are usually more _ than unexpected ones of the like magnitude.A. manageable B. controllableC. tolerabl
22、e D. perceivable（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.24._ my return, I learned that Professor Smith had been at the Museum and would not be back for several hours.A. At B. OnC. With D. During（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.25.More than two hundred years ago the United States _ from the British Empire and became an independent country
23、.A. got off B. pulled downC. broke away D. dropped off（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.26.We are _ faced with the necessity to recognize that having more people implies a lower standard of living.A. readily B. inevitablyC. smoothly D. deliberately（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.27.Some people criticize family doctors for _ too ma
24、ny medicines for minor illnesses.A. prescribing B. advisingC. ordering D. delivering（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.28.Cosmetics, rarely noted today for any dangerous properties, have been _ for serious health problems in the past.A. responsibility B. responsibleC. its responsibility D. the responsible（分数：2.00）A.B
25、.C.D.29.It is a common theme in many science fiction stories that the world may one day be _ by insects.A. broken in B. taken overC. run over D. filled in（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.30.Our research has focused on a drug which is so _ as to be able to change brain chemistry.A. powerful B. influentialC. monstrou
26、s D. vigorous（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.专业英语四级完型填空、语法与词汇-28答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART CLOZE(总题数：1，分数：40.00)In any society, no matter how (1) , some individuals have authority (2) others, at least within a limited sphere. Obedience is particularly relevant as societies get more (3) , where the spheres (4
27、) authority can be (5) , become much more differentiated. Teachers assign homework, doctors order intravenous feedings, and policemen stop automobiles (6) pupils, nurses, and motorists generally (7) . Their obedience is based on an (8) recognition that the persons who (9) the orders are operating wi
28、thin their (10) domain of authority. If this domain is (11) , obedience is unlikely. Policemen cant order motorists to (12) lists of irregular French verbs or to (13) two aspirins and go to bed.Some tendency to obey authority is a vital cement that holds society together; without it, there (14) chao
29、s. But the atrocities of this centurythe slaughter of the Armenians, the Nazi death campsgive terrible proof that this disposition to obedience can also become a corrosive poison that destroys our sense of humanity. Some of these atrocities could not have been (15) (16) the obedience of tens or hund
30、reds of thousands and the acquiescence of many more. How could such obedience have come (17) ? Attempt to answer this question has focused on (18) of the two factors. One (19) the personality structure of the blindly obedient individual; the other emphasizes the (20) situation in which the obedient
31、person finds himself.（分数：40.00）(1).A. prime B. primary C. primitive D. prominent（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：词汇题。词义辨析题。primitive“原始的，早期的”，如：This book deals with the primitive culture in this region. 这本书论述了这一地区的原始文化。此处选primitive，意为“原始的或早期的社会”，符合题意，为正确答案。prime“最重要的，主要的”，如：You cannot ignore it for its a matter
32、of prime importance. 你可不能忽视这事，它可是头等重要的事情。本句主要说时间的早晚，和重要性没有关系，因此，不合题意。primary也指“原始的，最早的”，但其含义为在时间或发展顺序上初始的、最早的、第一个出现的，如：We encountered numerous obstacles in the primary stage of its development. 在发展的最初阶段，我们遭遇了很多阻碍。本句没有具体指“最早”出现或存在的社会，而且与how搭配表示“多么的最早”也不合情理，因此，为错误答案。prominent“著名的，凸起的”，如：He is still yo
33、ung; however, hes already got a prominent paunch. 他还年轻，却已经长出了罗汉肚。显然，此选项也不合题意。(2).A. up B. on C. over D. on（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：词汇题。惯用法题。介词over常用来表“高于，在之上”的含义，可指位置、地位、职权、势力等，如：He ruled over the kingdom and, of course, he had the final say. 他统治这个王国，当然他有决定权。此处指高于他人的权威，因此，此选项为正确答案。up做介词时也可表“高处”，但主要指位置的高度
34、，即从一个较低处走向一个更高处，如：He went up the hill alone. 他独自一人往山上走去。on表方位，一般指在某物体的表面上。to一般表朝向某个目标或方位。此两个选项都不能表达句意。(3).A. complex B. complicated C. simple D. small（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：篇章题。上下文理解题。本句最后说权威的范围become much more differentiated(变得更加不同)，因此，社会情况也应与之相应。complex“复杂的，合成的，综合的”，指由许多不同的、有关联的部分组织起来的整体，其复杂程度需要仔细的研究
35、和足够的知识才能有所理解，如：The composer transformed a simple folk tune into a complex set of variations. 这位作曲家把一首简单的民歌小调改编成一首复杂的变奏曲。complicated“复杂的，混乱的，麻烦的”，一般用来修饰事件、构造、机械等，主要强调各部分之间的细微关系，指事物因很多互相纠合、不易辨认的关系而变得复杂，难以理解、解决或处理，如：a complicated piece of machinery一件复杂的机械。从以上分析可看出，此处指社会的各构成部分愈加复杂，因此，complex为正确答案。simple
36、表“简易，普通”，如：a simple task一项简单的任务。其意与上下文相抵触，不能选。small“小的”，也不合题意。(4).A. which B. what C. on which D. within which（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：篇章题。上下文理解题。从后面的例子可知，一定的权力只能在一定的范围内实施，超出这个范围就不再具备权威性。那么sphere与authority的关系是后者不能超出前者，只有在其范围之内才具备效力，因此，within which为正确答案。其他答案均不合题意。(5).A. asserted B. deserted C. exerted D.
37、acted（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：词汇题。词义辨析题。assert也可做及物动词，意为“声称，断言”，常指自信地讲出自己的观点，但常常没有证据来支持，如：He asserted his innocence. 他坚称自己无罪。desert意为“远离，遗弃”，尤指不顾责任或义务而远离、放弃，如：You shouldnt have deserted your friend in a time of need. 你不应该在需要你的时候将朋友抛弃。act做不及物动词时表“扮演，担任的角色”，如：She plans to act Lady Macbeth in the play. 她计划在
38、剧中扮演麦克自夫人。exert意为“尽力，行使(职权)，发挥(威力等)，产生(影响)”，如：exert authority行使权威。本文空格词汇正是与authority搭配运用，正合题意，为正确答案。(6).A. but B. while C. therefore D. as（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：篇章题。上下文理解题。本句一方面讲权威者(如老师等)发布命令，另一方而讲服从者服从命令。while表“虽然；然而”，但用于表示人或事物等的相对应方面的对照，如：The soles are leather, while the uppers are canvas. 鞋跟是皮的，而鞋面是
39、帆布的。从例句可看出此句讲鞋的问题，主要讲鞋的不同部分的材质不同，主句讲某部分材质是何物，分句讲另一部分材质又为何物，以此形成对照。while的作用就是引出这种不同，将二者进行对比。此处正是谈及发布命令所涉及的对象权威者(teachers.)与服从权威者(pupils.)，以及不同对象实施的不同行为发布命令(assign.)与服从命令(obey)。因此，while正合题意，为正确答案。but“但是”，表转折，指相反或出乎意料的情况的出现，如：He is tired but happy. 他很累，但很愉快。一般而言，太累不会产生愉快的结果，所以二者为转折的关系。therefore“所以”，表因果
40、关系，如：He missed the train, and therefore could not come on time. 他误了那趟车，所以没能准时到。as“由于”，表原因。可见这几个选项都不合题意。(7).A. work B. do C. follow D. obey（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：篇章题。上下文理解题。本句从不同方面对一个问题命令与服从的关系进行了说明，所涉及的人物一方面为教师等，另一方面为学生等；教师这方的人物order(命令)，那么与之相对的人物的行为一定为obey(服从)。而且接下来的一句中随即就出现了obedience，更是明确了两者之间的这种关系。o
41、bey可做不及物动词，文章此处为不及物动词用法，因此，无论从句意上还是用法上来说，都符合题意，为正确答案。work表“工作，劳动”。do是一个弱化了的动词，可表很多动词的意义，但主要表对某一动作、行为的执行。因此，此两项均与句意不符。follow也可表“服从”，但为及物动词，后面必须跟宾语，如：follow the rules遵守规则。因此，也不能选。(8).A. explicit B. implicit C. conscious D. unconscious（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：篇章题。上下文理解题。explicit意为“不含糊的，显而易见的”，如：Havent you n
42、oticed that explicit sign of trouble?你还没注意到那个显而易见的麻烦的征兆?explicit recognition表“显而易见的承认”，不合题意。implicit意为“深信不疑的，固有的，不言明的”，如：implicit trust绝对信任。其指这种信任无需明说，没什么可怀疑的。根据上下文，他们之间的这种命令与服从的关系是被大家公认的，是无需再说明的，因此，implicit为正确选项。conscious意为“有意识的，能理解的”，指对自己的环境、存在、感觉和想法有意识，一般用法为be conscious of sth. ，如：He was consciou
43、s of his task. 他知道自己的任务。其含义不如implicit准确，用法也不恰当，因此，不能选此项。考点 conscious强调某种感知到或感觉到的认识，如：Even Americans are barely conscious of the importance. 甚至连美国人也几乎没有认识到其重要性。aware也表“意识到的，认识到的”，但主要指通过自己的直觉，如根据别人的态度或者依靠某种信息方式而得到的认识，如：Are you aware of your opponents hostility?你意识到了对手的敌意吗?选项unconscious为conscious的反义词，意
44、为“没有意识到的，没有发觉的”，如：He was unconscious of his mistake. 他没意识到自己的错误。含义与本句不符。(9).A. issue B. obey C. violate D. place（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：篇章题。上下文理解题。四个选项都可以与order搭配。issue意为“发布，发行”，如：issue a statement发表声明。此处issue这个动作的发出者为他人所服从的人，即拥有权威的人，因此，issue an order(发布命令)正合题意，为正确答案。obey an order“服从命令”和violate an order
45、“违背命令”都不符合权威者的身份，与题意不合。place an order则表“订购，下订单”，与题意完全不符。(10).A. lawful B. legitimate C. legislative D. legal（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：词汇题。词义辨析题。legitimate既可表“法定的，合法的”，也可表“合理的，正当的”，即被风俗、惯例、权威或合乎逻辑的事物所认可的，如：You are not allowed to leave here if you cant give me a legitimate excuse. 如果你不能给我一个合理的理由，就不能离开这里。此处含义为根据风俗惯例符合情理的权力范围，因此，legitimate符合题意，为正确答案。lawful也可表“合法的，法定的，守法的”，指在法律允许范围内的，经法律允许、批准和认可的，如：He is the lawful heir. 他是法定继承人。本句说到的权力范围没有那么严谨，不一定与法律相关
