1、专业英语四级完型填空、语法与词汇-15及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of a(n) (1) should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, (2) , most people make several job choices during their working
2、lives, (3) because of economic and industrial changes and partly to (4) their positions.The one perfect job does not exist. Young people should (5) enter into a broad flexible training program that will (6) them for a field of work rather than for a single (7) . Unfortunately many young people have
3、to make career plans (8) benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing (9) about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss (10) . Some drift from job to job. Others (11) to work in which they are unhappy and fo
4、r which they are not fitted.One common mistake is choosing an occupation for (12) real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school studentsor their parents for themchoose the professional field, (13) both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational
5、 and personal (14) . The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a white-collar job is (15) good reason for choosing it as lifes work. (16) , these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the (17) of young people should give seri
6、ous (18) to these fields.Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a (19) idea of what he wants out of life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security; others are willing to take (20) for fin
7、ancial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.（分数：50.00）(1).A. position B. vocationC. occupation D. profession（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. therefore B. thoughC. however D. but（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. wholly B. largelyC. mainly D. partly（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. develop B. impr
8、oveC. better D. promote（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. furthermore B. thereforeC. consequently D. moreover（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. make B. adjustC. adapt D. fit（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. work B. companyC. job D. organization（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. by B. forC. with D. without（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. little B. som
9、eC. nothing D. much（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. purpose B. chanceC. occasion D. basis（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. turn B. persistC. stick D. appeal（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. its B. ourC. their D. your（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. concerning B. consideringC. regarding D. disregarding（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. abiliti
10、es B. requirementsC. tendencies D. preferences（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. no B. aC. not D. the（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. However B. MoreoverC. Therefore D. Even though（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. minority B. multitudeC. most D. majority（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. suggestion B. propositionC. consideration D. pre
11、sumption（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. general B. vagueC. specific D. hazy（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. turns B. risksC. choices D. efforts（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.Aesthetic thought of a distinctively modern art emerged during the 18th century. The western philosophers and critics of this time devoted much attention t
12、o such matters (1) natural beauty, the sublime, and representationa trend reflecting the central position they had given to the philosophy of nature. (2) that time, however, the philosophy of art has become ever more (3) and has begun to (4) the philosophy of nature.Various issues (5) to the philoso
13、phy of art have had a(n) (6) impact (7) the orientation of the 20th-century aesthetics. (8) among these are problems relating to the theory of art as form and (9) the distinction between representation and expression. Still another far-reaching question has to do with the value of art. Two (10) theo
14、retical positions have taken on this issue: one holds that art and its appreciation are a means to some recognized moral good, (11) the other maintains that art is intrinsically valuable and is an end in itself. Underlying this whole issue is the concept of taste, one of the basic concerns of aesthe
15、tics. In recent years there has also been an increasing (12) with art as the prime object of critical judgment. Corresponding to the trend in contemporary aesthetic thought, (13) have followed either of the two approaches. In one, criticism is (14) to the analysis and interpretation of the work of a
16、rt. (15) , it is devoted to articulating the response to the aesthetic object and to (16) a particular way of perceiving it.Over the years, aesthetics has developed into a broad field of knowledge and inquiry. The (17) of contemporary aesthetics include such problems as the nature of style and its a
17、esthetic significance; the relation of aesthetic judgment to culture; the (18) of a history of art; the (19) of Freudian psychology and other forms of psychological study to criticism; and the place of aesthetic judgment in (20) reasoning in the conduct of everyday affairs.（分数：50.00）(1).A. as B. for
18、C. like D. of（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Before B. OverC. Since D. From（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. prominent B. perspicuousC. pervasive D. prevalent（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. transplant B. transferC. submit D. supplant（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. chief B. centralC. main D. prime（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. remarked B. m
19、arkedC. unmarked D. unremarked（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. to B. inC. on D. toward（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. Foregoing B. ForeseeableC. Foredoomed D. Foremost（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. to B. forC. of D. on（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. opposite B. similarC. same D. opposed（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. and B. orC. though
20、D. while（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. preoccupation B. perceptionC. attention D. focus（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. critics B. writersC. artists D. philosophers（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. concentrated B. involvedC. restrained D. restricted（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. In the other B. In anotherC. In the other way D.
21、In other ways（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. verifying B. justifyingC. specifying D. testifying（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. anxieties B. worriesC. concerns D. cares（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. viability B. vacancyC. vicinity D. visibility（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. reliance B. reliabilityC. relevancy D. reference（分数：
22、2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. practical B. idealC. actual D. theoretical（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.专业英语四级完型填空、语法与词汇-15答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of a(n) (1) should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high sch
23、ool. Actually, (2) , most people make several job choices during their working lives, (3) because of economic and industrial changes and partly to (4) their positions.The one perfect job does not exist. Young people should (5) enter into a broad flexible training program that will (6) them for a fie
24、ld of work rather than for a single (7) . Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans (8) benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing (9) about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss (10) . S
25、ome drift from job to job. Others (11) to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.One common mistake is choosing an occupation for (12) real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school studentsor their parents for themchoose the professional field, (13) both the relatively sm
26、all proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal (14) . The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a white-collar job is (15) good reason for choosing it as lifes work. (16) , these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jo
27、bs are in mechanical and manual work, the (17) of young people should give serious (18) to these fields.Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a (19) idea of what he wants out of life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intelle
28、ctual satisfaction. Some want security; others are willing to take (20) for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.（分数：50.00）(1).A. position B. vocationC. occupation D. profession（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 名词辨析题。C：occupation强调所从事的行业类别，文中主要指行业类别，因此应选C。A：position指“
29、具体的职位”，故排除；B：vocation尤指一个人特别适合或尤其有资格胜任的职业，故排除；D：profession强调所从事的行业需要经过大量训练和专门学习，故排除。(2).A. therefore B. thoughC. however D. but（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 语篇衔接题。上文提到“理想的情况是在上中学选择课程前就确定要从事的职业”，本句提到“事实上，许多人在他们的职业生涯中会做好几次选择”，显然本句与上文之间是转折关系，而且空格后有逗号，更提示此处应该填入表示转折关系的连接副词。C：however“然而”，引导转折关系，故为正确答案。A：therefor
30、e“因此，所以”引导因果关系，故排除；B：though“尽管，但是”引导让步关系，故排除；D：but“但是”为转折连词，不符合题目要求，故排除。(3).A. wholly B. largelyC. mainly D. partly（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 副词辨析题。由于并列连词and后的动词不定式是由副词partly修饰的，由此可以断定修饰because of的也应该是partly，因此D：partly“部分地，在某种程度上”为正确答案。A：wholly“完全地”、B：largely“主要地，很大程度上”和C：mainly“主要地”均与原文不符，故排除。(4).A. de
31、velop B. improveC. better D. promote（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 动词辨析题。B：improve侧重“提高价值而得到改进”，improve ones position“提高某人的社会地位”，因此该项符合文意，故为答案。A：develop“发展，展开”，例如：develop light industry，该项意思与原文不符，故排除；C：better用作动词时，表示“质方面的改进”，例如：better myself by changing jobs，也与原文不符，故排除；D：promote“促进”，例如：promote a constitutio
32、nal amendment；作“提升，提拔”解时，宾语应为人，因此该项也与原文不符，故排除。(5).A. furthermore B. thereforeC. consequently D. moreover（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 语篇衔接题。上文提到“完美的工作并不存在”，而本句提到“年轻人应该参与更加灵活的培训项目”，显然，本句与上文之间是一种因果关系，且本句的“果”是由作者推导而来的，并不是实际情况。B：therefore“因此，所以”，引导推论中的“果”，因此该项正确。A：furthermore“此外”表示递进关系，与原文不符，故排除；C：consequently
33、“因此，结果是”，一般侧重于真实情况的结果，故排除；D：moreover“而且，此外”表递进，不符合本题要求，故排除。(6).A. make B. adjustC. adapt D. fit（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 动词辨析题。D：fit用作动词时，表示“适合，使合适”，一般与介词for搭配使用，因此该项为正确答案。A：make“制造，使成为”，不符合文意，故排除；B：adjust“调整，调节，使适合”，一般与介词to搭配，例如：adjust themselves to their environment，而原句中的介词是：for，故排除；同理排除C：adapt“使适应”。
34、(7).A. work B. companyC. job D. organization（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 名词辨析题。C：job“工作”，为可数名词，符合本题的要求，故为答案。A：work“工作”为不可数名词，而空格前有不定冠词a，故排除；B：company“公司”，联系上下文可知，这里讨论的并不是某家公司或机构，故排除；同理排除D：organization“组织，机构”。(8).A. by B. forC. with D. without（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 介词辨析题。D：without“在没有的情况下”，符合文意，故为答案。A：by“通
35、过”，与原文不符，故排除；B：for“为了”也可排除；C：with“在有的情况下”，而本句开始用了unfortunately“不幸地”一词，显然with不符合句子的逻辑关系，故排除。(9).A. little B. someC. nothing D. much（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 代词辨析题。联系上下文可知，本句是在介绍年轻人在择业的过程中所出现的不好的情况。A：little“很少，不多”，符合文意，故为答案。B：some“一些”，侧重肯定的方面，与原文不符，故排除；C：nothing“什么也没有”，语气太过绝对，也不符合实际情况，故排除；D：much“许多”，与原文意
36、思相悖，故排除。(10).A. purpose B. chanceC. occasion D. basis（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 固定搭配题。D：basis“基础，依据”，on.basis或on the basis of表示“以为根据，在基础上”，故此项符合文意，为答案。purpose可与on搭配使用，但不用作on.purpose，而是on purpose，表示“故意地”，因此A：purpose与原文意思不符，故排除；B：chance“机会”，一般与-介词by搭配使用，故排除；C：occasion“场合，时机”，与原文意思不符，故排除。(11).A. turn B. pe
37、rsistC. stick D. appeal（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 动词辨析题。C：stick与介词to搭配，表示“坚持做”，符合文意，故为答案。turn to表示“求助于，转向”，故排除A：turn；B：persist“坚持”，与介词in搭配，故排除；D：appeal与介词to搭配，表示“向呼吁；合的心意”，与原文意思不符，故排除。(12).A. its B. ourC. their D. your（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 语法题。显然这里的prestige指的是工作的声望，因此A：its“它的”为正确答案。B：our“我们的”、C：their“他
38、们的”和D：your“你的，你们的”均不符合原句的指代关系，故排除。(13).A. concerning B. consideringC. regarding D. disregarding（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 动词辨析题。D：disregarding“不考虑，不管”，符合文意，故为答案。A：concerning可作介词，意为“关于”，也可理解为动词concern“关系到，涉及”的现在分词，但无论哪种理解都与原文不符，故排除；B：considering可作介词，意为“顾及，考虑到”，也可理解为动词consider“考虑”的现在分词，但这两种解释都与原文意思相悖，故排除；
39、C：regarding也可作介词，意为“关于”，也可理解为动词regard“注意，尊重”的现在分词，但这两种理解都与原文不符，故排除。(14).A. abilities B. requirementsC. tendencies D. preferences（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 名词辨析题。B：requirements“要求”，符合文意，故为正确答案。A：abilities“能力”，与原文不符，故排除；C：tendencies“倾向”及D：preferences“偏好”也都与文意不符，故排除。(15).A. no B. aC. not D. the（分数：2.50）A.B
40、.C.D.解析：解析 语法题。由上下文可以判断，作者对“因为某种职业实际的或人们想象的声望，而把它选作一生的工作”这种做法是持否定态度的，因此可以直接排除B：a和D：the。A：no和C：not都表示否定的意义，区别在于no多用于修饰名词，而not则多用来修饰谓语动词。原句中的reason为可数名词，但是它前面并没有不定冠词a，这就提示我们这里的否定是用来修饰名词reason的，因此排除C：not，故A：no为正确答案。(16).A. However B. MoreoverC. Therefore D. Even though（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 语篇衔接题。本句提到“
41、这些工作的报酬并不总是很好”，显然本句与上文之间是一种递进关系。B：Moreover“此外，另外”，引导递进关系，故为正确答案。A：However“然而”，引导转折关系，故排除；C：Therefore“因此，所以”，引导因果关系，故排除；D：Even though“尽管，即使”，引导让步关系，故排除。(17).A. minority B. multitudeC. most D. majority（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 名词辨析题。D：majority“大多数，大部分”，符合文意，故为正确答案。A：minority“少数的”，与文中的“大部分的工作都集中在机械手工行业”意思
42、相左，故排除；B：multitude“群众”不符合文意，故排除；C：most在表示“大多数的”时候，前面不能有定冠词the，故排除。(18).A. suggestion B. propositionC. consideration D. presumption（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 名词辨析题。C：consideration“考虑”，give consideration to sth. 表示“考虑某事”，因此该项正确。A：suggestion“建议，意见”，与文意不符，故排除；B：proposition“主张，建议；命题”，与原文不符，故排除；D：presumption“
43、假定”，与文意不符，故排除。(19).A. general B. vagueC. specific D. hazy（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 形容词辨析题。A：general“普遍的，总体的”，符合文意，故为答案。B：vague“模糊的，茫然的”与原文意思相悖，故排除；C：specific“确切的，明确的”，而下文列举的“社会地位、安全感”等都是泛泛的说法，所以specific在这里不合适，故排除；D：hazy“朦胧的，模糊的”也与原文意思相悖，故排除。(20).A. turns B. risksC. choices D. efforts（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析
44、：解析 名词辨析题。分号前后的两个分句是并列对立的关系，既然前一个分句说要得到安全感，那么后一个分句就会说做有风险的事了。B：risks“冒险”，take risks为常用搭配，因此该项正确。A：turns“转向；倾向”，与文意不符，故排除；C：choices“选择”，与原文内容不符，故排除；D：efforts“努力”，也应排除。Aesthetic thought of a distinctively modern art emerged during the 18th century. The western philosophers and critics of this time dev
45、oted much attention to such matters (1) natural beauty, the sublime, and representationa trend reflecting the central position they had given to the philosophy of nature. (2) that time, however, the philosophy of art has become ever more (3) and has begun to (4) the philosophy of nature.Various issu
46、es (5) to the philosophy of art have had a(n) (6) impact (7) the orientation of the 20th-century aesthetics. (8) among these are problems relating to the theory of art as form and (9) the distinction between representation and expression. Still another far-reaching question has to do with the value of art. Two (10) theoretical positions hav
