1、专业英语四级完型填空、语法与词汇-13及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)It is often said that politeness costs nothing. In fact, it seems that a little more courtesy could (1) businesses 5 billion every year. (2) hearing the phrase thank you or well done means the same to staff (3) a modest pay rise, researchers say. Praise
2、and (4) also makes employees more likely to work hard and stay in their jobs, saving on the cost of finding (5) .A third of 1,000 workers (6) by consulting firm White Water Strategies said they did not get thanked (7) when they did well, and a (n) (8) third said they were not thanked enough. In both
3、 cases, staff said they felt undervalued, meaning they were less likely to (9) themselves and were more likely to (10) employment elsewhere. According to the company, praising staff has the same (11) kick as a 1 percent pay riseand (12) much cheaper for bosses. Three (13) four employees said that re
4、gular (14) by their bosses was important to them, (15) only a quarter said they were (16) given as much praise as they felt they needed. The survey found that those (17) blue-collar and manual jobs were less likely to (18) any recognition for doing well.Older employees and women need the most reassu
5、rance, according to psychologist Averil Leimon, a director of White Water Strategies. She said that words of praise did more than (19) a pleasant place to workthey could even (20) profits.（分数：50.00）(1).A. save B. costC. spend D. pay（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. Seldom B. AlwaysC. Frequently D. Rarely（分数：2
6、.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. for B. as C. in D. by（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. criticism B. complimentC. blame D. encouragement（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. replacements B. alternativesC. complements D. switches（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. surveying B. surveyedC. to survey D. having surveyed（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. any longer
7、 B. at allC. often D. no more（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. further B. anotherC. more D. much（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. exert B. exhaleC. exhaust D. exempt（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. look up B. look toC. look for D. look forward to（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. improving B. encouragingC. motivational D. promotional（分数
8、：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. works out B. works upC. comes out D. comes up（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. from B. out ofC. of D. to（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. acknowledgementB. familiarityC. interactionD. communication（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. and B. becauseC. but D. so（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. actually B. absolutelyC
9、. certainly D. possibly（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. of B. fromC. in D. for（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. give B. be givenC. be giving D. have given（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. create B. creatingC. make D. making（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. decrease B. descendC. boom D. boost（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.Lisa Fry and Paula Turner
10、grew up across the street from each other in Twin Falls. They never (1) their friendship would last forever. But (2) Fry married, moved to New York City and had a baby, her letters to Turner suddenly went (3) . Do you think Ive (4) offended her? Fry asked her husband. Turner, meanwhile, had (5) hers
11、elf she was no longer important to Fry. Shes got a family now, she told herself. Were just (6) different to be close like before. Finally, Fry summoned the (7) to call her old friend. At first, the conversation was (8) , yet soon they both admitted that they missed each other. A month later, they go
12、t together and quickly fell into their old habit of laughing and (9) secrets. Thank goodness I finally took (10) , Fry says. We both realized we were (11) important to each other as ever. There are good (12) to cherish our friendships. Some years ago a public opinion research firm, Roper Starch Worl
13、dwide, asked 2,007 people to identify one or two things (13) they thought were the most important. Friends far outranked homes, jobs, clothes and cars. A well-established friendship (14) a long history of experience and interaction that defines who we are and keeps us connected, says Donald Pannen,
14、the executive officer of the Western Psychological Association. It is a (15) we should protect. (16) , says Brant R. Burleson, professor of communication at Purdue University, the better friends you are, the (17) youll face conflicts. And the outcome can be precisely what you dont wanta(n) (18) to t
15、he relationship. Making friends can sometimes seem (19) . The hard part is keeping the connections strong during the natural ups and downs that affect all relationships. Her suggestion: (20) friendship an honor and a gift, and worth the effort to treasure and nurture.（分数：50.00）(1).A. distrusted B. d
16、oubtedC. believed D. supposed（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. after B. whenC. while D. once（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. unexpected B. unansweredC. unreceived D. unaccepted（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. somewhere B. somewhenC. someway D. somehow（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. persuaded B. inducedC. convinced D. prevailed（分数：2.50
17、）A.B.C.D.(6).A. too B. veryC. quite D. so（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. bravery B. ventureC. courage D. boldness（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. awkward B. difficultC. smooth D. comfortable（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. building B. gainingC. sharing D. giving（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. action B. heartC. effect D. charge（分数：2
18、.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. so B. asC. more D. even（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. ways B. methodsC. reasons D. excuses（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. when B. whatC. that D. if（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. takes B. carriesC. brings D. holds（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. heritage B. habitC. legacy D. custom（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. I
19、rrationally B. IronicallyC. Irrelevantly D. Irresponsibly（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. more possibly B. less possiblyC. more likely D. less likely（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. finish B. closeC. result D. end（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. easy B. effortlessC. difficult D. formidable（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. take B. r
20、egardC. consider D. reckon（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.专业英语四级完型填空、语法与词汇-13答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)It is often said that politeness costs nothing. In fact, it seems that a little more courtesy could (1) businesses 5 billion every year. (2) hearing the phrase thank you or well done means the same to staff (3) a
21、 modest pay rise, researchers say. Praise and (4) also makes employees more likely to work hard and stay in their jobs, saving on the cost of finding (5) .A third of 1,000 workers (6) by consulting firm White Water Strategies said they did not get thanked (7) when they did well, and a (n) (8) third
22、said they were not thanked enough. In both cases, staff said they felt undervalued, meaning they were less likely to (9) themselves and were more likely to (10) employment elsewhere. According to the company, praising staff has the same (11) kick as a 1 percent pay riseand (12) much cheaper for boss
23、es. Three (13) four employees said that regular (14) by their bosses was important to them, (15) only a quarter said they were (16) given as much praise as they felt they needed. The survey found that those (17) blue-collar and manual jobs were less likely to (18) any recognition for doing well.Olde
24、r employees and women need the most reassurance, according to psychologist Averil Leimon, a director of White Water Strategies. She said that words of praise did more than (19) a pleasant place to workthey could even (20) profits.（分数：50.00）(1).A. save B. costC. spend D. pay（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 动词辨
25、析题。根据第一句话的意思“礼多人不怪”可知，空格所在句是对这句谚语在实际生活中的作用做进一步的补充说明。cost表示“花费”，与所要表达的意思正好相反，spend和pay的主语应该是人，故选A。(2).A. Seldom B. AlwaysC. Frequently D. Rarely（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 副词辨析题。pay rise是解题关键，表示“加薪”，与加薪具有同样效果的应该是经常受到表扬与肯定，C：Frequently意为“经常”，故为答案。同时排除表示否定含义的A：Seldom和D：Rarely；B：Always表示“总是”，不符合文意，故排除。(3).A.
26、 for B. as C. in D. by（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 固定搭配题。根据这句话的意思，the same是解题关键。the same as是固定用法，表示“与一样”，故选B。(4).A. criticism B. complimentC. blame D. encouragement（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 名词辨析题。A：criticism和C：blame都表示“批评，责备”，与句意不符，故排除；B：compliment表示“称赞，恭维”，与句中的praise所表达的意思重复，故排除；D：encouragement，“鼓励”符合文意，故为答
27、案。(5).A. replacements B. alternativesC. complements D. switches（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 名词辨析题。四个选项为近义词，都有“替换”的意思，但有细微差异。A：replacements表示“代替者”；B：alternatives表示“可供选择的办法、事物”；C：complements表示“补充物”；D：switches表示“变换，转换”。根据句意，应选A。(6).A. surveying B. surveyedC. to survey D. having surveyed（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析
28、 语法题。调查结果显示，三分之一的受访员工称，即使他们工作表现出色，也没得到过老板的一句“感谢”；另有三分之一的人认为自己没有得到足够的感谢。此处主语为“被调查的员工”，语态应为被动，故选B，如若选择D，应为having been surveyed。(7).A. any longer B. at allC. often D. no more（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 副词短语辨析题。在否定句中，A：not any longer表示“不再”，B：not at all表示“一点儿也不”，D不能在否定句中使用。如果选C：often，句意就与后半句意思雷同，故选B。(8).A. fu
29、rther B. anotherC. more D. much（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 形容词辨析题。此处只有A：further。可以接third，如果选B：another，前面就不能有不定冠词a(n)，故排除。(9).A. exert B. exhaleC. exhaust D. exempt（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 动词辨析题。这里四个动词词形相似，但意思截然不同。A：exert表示“使出力气”；B：exhale表示“呼出，发出，发散”；C：exhaust表示“使筋疲力尽”；D：exempt表示“免除”。根据句意，应选A。(10).A. look u
30、p B. look toC. look for D. look forward to（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 动词短语辨析题。此处应为“寻找新的工作机会”，A：look up表示“向上看；查询”的意思；B：look to表示“照看，指望”；C：look for表示“寻找”；D：look forward to表示“期待，盼望”。根据文意，故选C：look for。(11).A. improving B. encouragingC. motivational D. promotional（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 形容词辨析题。A：improving表示“提高
31、的”；B：encouraging表示“奖励的，鼓励的”；C：motivational表示“激励的，有关动机的”；D：promotional表示“增进的，促进的”。本文强调赞扬员工对于员工的积极性具有激励作用，所以C更为确切。(12).A. works out B. works upC. comes out D. comes up（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 动词短语辨析题。A：works out表示“证明成功的、有效的或令人满意的”符合句意，故为答案。B：works up表示“逐步发展，逐步进步；使人兴奋”；C：comes out表示“发行；结果”；D：comes up表示“上
32、升；出现”，均可排除。(13).A. from B. out ofC. of D. to（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 固定搭配题。表示几分之几的介词用out of，故选B。(14).A. acknowledgementB. familiarityC. interactionD. communication（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 名词辨析题。根据文章内容可判断，老板对于员工的肯定非常重要。故选A：acknowledgement，意为“肯定，认可”。B：familiarity“熟悉”、C：interaction“互动”和D：communication“交流”均
33、与文意不符，故排除。(15).A. and B. becauseC. but D. so（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 语篇衔接题。根据上下文可判断，前后两个分句应为转折关系，故选C：but。(16).A. actually B. absolutelyC. certainly D. possibly（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 副词辨析题。A：actually表示“事实上，实际上”，符合句意，故为答案。B：absolutely表示“完全地，绝对地”；C：certainly表示“的确，当然”；D：possibly表示“可能地”，均可以排除。(17).A. of B.
34、 fromC. in D. for（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 介词辨析题。介词in表示“具有某种特征、品质或属性”，例如：a tall man m an overcoat(穿着大衣的高个男子)，故选C。(18).A. give B. be givenC. be giving D. have given（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 语法题。根据这句话的意思，应该是“蓝领”很少因为出色的表现被给予认可，语态为被动，所以只能选B：be given。(19).A. create B. creatingC. make D. making（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.
35、解析：解析 动词辨析题。此处句子结构do more than do sth. ，后接动词原形，表示“不仅能够”，故排除B和D。A：create强调“创造，创建”，而C：make表示“制造；安排”的意思，故选A。(20).A. decrease B. descendC. boom D. boost（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 动词辨析题。根据这句话的意思，老板经常表扬员工将会提高公司的经济效益，而A：decrease和B：descend都表示“下降，降低”的意思，与句意不符，故排除；C：boom表示“繁荣，兴隆”，不符合文意，故排除；D：boost表示“促进，提高”，符合句意，故
36、为答案。Lisa Fry and Paula Turner grew up across the street from each other in Twin Falls. They never (1) their friendship would last forever. But (2) Fry married, moved to New York City and had a baby, her letters to Turner suddenly went (3) . Do you think Ive (4) offended her? Fry asked her husband. T
37、urner, meanwhile, had (5) herself she was no longer important to Fry. Shes got a family now, she told herself. Were just (6) different to be close like before. Finally, Fry summoned the (7) to call her old friend. At first, the conversation was (8) , yet soon they both admitted that they missed each
38、 other. A month later, they got together and quickly fell into their old habit of laughing and (9) secrets. Thank goodness I finally took (10) , Fry says. We both realized we were (11) important to each other as ever. There are good (12) to cherish our friendships. Some years ago a public opinion re
39、search firm, Roper Starch Worldwide, asked 2,007 people to identify one or two things (13) they thought were the most important. Friends far outranked homes, jobs, clothes and cars. A well-established friendship (14) a long history of experience and interaction that defines who we are and keeps us c
40、onnected, says Donald Pannen, the executive officer of the Western Psychological Association. It is a (15) we should protect. (16) , says Brant R. Burleson, professor of communication at Purdue University, the better friends you are, the (17) youll face conflicts. And the outcome can be precisely wh
41、at you dont wanta(n) (18) to the relationship. Making friends can sometimes seem (19) . The hard part is keeping the connections strong during the natural ups and downs that affect all relationships. Her suggestion: (20) friendship an honor and a gift, and worth the effort to treasure and nurture.（分
42、数：50.00）(1).A. distrusted B. doubtedC. believed D. supposed（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 动词辨析题。根据第一句的暗示，Lisa Fry和Paula Turner从小邻街一起长大，表明她们的感情很好，因此她们相信彼此之间的友谊会天长地久。distrust指某人怀疑事物的可靠性和忠实性，doubt常用于怀疑事物的真实性，故选B。(2).A. after B. whenC. while D. once（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 语篇理解题。根据上文可知，Fry和Turner都确信她们的友谊会天长地久，空格处
43、谈论那之后的事，即Fry结婚搬到纽约市，并生了孩子后，所以A为正确答案。B：when“当时”、C：while“当的时候”和D：once“一旦”均不符合文意，故排除。(3).A. unexpected B. unansweredC. unreceived D. unaccepted（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 形容词辨析题。B：unanswered表示“未回复的”，符合文意，故为正确答案。A：unexpected表示“预想不到的，未预料到的”；C：unreceived表示“未能收到的”；D：unaccepted表示“未能接受的”，均可以排除。(4).A. somewhere B.
44、 somewhenC. someway D. somehow（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 副词辨析题。D：somehow表示“不知为何，不知何故”，符合文意，故为答案。A：somewhere表示“在某处”；B：somewhen表示“在某个时候”；C：someway表示“以某种方式”，均可以排除。(5).A. persuaded B. inducedC. convinced D. prevailed（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 动词辨析题。四个词虽然都有“劝说，说服”的意思，但在词义和用法上还是有差别的。convince指“通过使用论证和证据来劝服”，其后可接从句
45、，故选C：convinced。persuade意思是“用理由、建议或个人说服力来说服某人”，通常用法是persuade sb. to do sth. ；induce是指“通过影响或劝说的方式来引导，如行动方针等”；prevail用于指“劝导抵制者”，经常和on，upon或with连用，故排除A、B以及D。(6).A. too B. veryC. quite D. so（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 固定搭配题。判断这句话的句子结构(too.to.)是解题关键，意思是“太，以至于不能”，所以选A：too。(7).A. bravery B. ventureC. courage D. boldness（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 固定搭配题。summon the courage是固定搭配，表示“鼓足勇气”，故选C。都不能与B：venture表示“冒险；风险”；A：bravery和D：boldness虽然也都有“勇敢”的意思，但是都不能与动词s
