1、专业英语四级分类模拟355及答案解析 (总分：44.95，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART CLOZE(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Aprincipal Blubricating Cyield DCrude Esubstitute Fcollecting Gsurplus Himpractical Ismelting Jgathering Kproduce Lrivaled Mcompeted Npetroleum OCoarse An important new industry, oil refining, grew after the Civil War. 1 oil, or petr
2、oleum, a dark, thick ooze from the earth had been known for hundreds of years, but little use had ever been made of it. In the l850s, Samuel M. Kier, a manufacturer in western Pennsylvania, began 2 the oil and refining it into kerosene. Refining, like 3 , is a process of removing impurities from a r
3、aw material. Kerosene was used to light lamps. It was a cheap 4 for whale oil, which was becoming harder to get. Soon there was a large demand for kerosene. People began to search for new supplies of 5 . The first oil well was drilled by E. L. Drake, a retired railroad conductor. In 1859 he began dr
4、illing in Titusville, Pennsylvania. The whole venture of drilling seemed so 6 and foolish that onlookers called it Drakes Folly. But when he had drilled down about 70 feet (21 meters), Drake struck oil. His well began to 7 20 barrels of crude oil a day. News of Drakes success brought oil prospectors
5、 to the scene. By the early 1860s these wildcatters were drilling for black gold all over western Pennsylvania. The boom 8 the California gold rush of 1848 in its excitement and Wild West atmosphere. And it brought far more wealth to the prospectors than any gold rush. Petroleum could be refined int
6、o many products. For some years kerosene continued to be the 9 one. It was sold in grocery stores and door-to-door. In the 1880s and 1890s refiners learned how to make other petroleum products such as waxes and 10 oil. Petroleum was not then used to make gasoline or heating oil.（分数：25.00）二、PART READ
7、ING COMPR(总题数：1，分数：20.00)SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your
8、 answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO. PASSAGE ONE There is a window in the office where I work that overlooks the playground next door. Seated at my desk, I can look out of this window and am rewarded with a most delightful view. Several times during the day, the students at the elementary school are releas
9、ed to the always ready play area. Children of many colors and sizes romp around the grounds, whooping and hollering and carrying on as children do. I see swings flying in the air, teeter totters balancing precariously on end, big rubber balls earning new bruises on the blacktop. In the foreground ar
10、e picnic benches under an aging oak tree, where little girls come to share secrets and little boys sneak up from behind to steal them away. As I sit at my desk and observe the frenzied play of these children who are working so hard at being children, I see a small boy to my right. What catches my ey
11、e is that he is standing in the area of the soccer goal, by himself, looking down at his shoes. He picks at his navy blue sweat jacket, pulling the string ties back and forth through the casing. He stubs his Niked tennis shoe in the dirt, again, and again, and again. I see his lips movehe seems to b
12、e talking to himself, all alone, oblivious to the world around him. There are children at play in the background, plenty to team up with, yet he stands idle, off to himself. Watching him, I begin to fantasize about his melancholy. Is he an only child of working parents who are so busy with their own
13、 lives they dont have time for him? Or is he one of several children, caught in the stampede of family life, getting trampled on by the older children as they pass him up, and pulled down by the younger siblings as they compete with him. Is he loved or abused? Smart or slow to learn? What does he th
14、ink about when hes by himself?. What are his dreams? His fears? Is he a new child, too shy to make friends? Or is he a victim of the cruelties of childs play? Days of my own childhood come flooding back to me. Remembering the days when I felt as he must be feeling now, so alone. As an adult, I can s
15、till feel that sometime hollowness. I understand these feelings even less than I did when I was his age. I ache for this small child that has so much to learn and experience, as much potential for pain in his future as happiness. I want to reach out to him, wrap my arms around him and tell him that
16、its OK, hes not alone, that I care, as will so many others in his life to come. I want to assure him that its alright to feel the way he does, but that it gets better and he must look to the good things, to learn from his experiences. I want to give him all the answers to all the questions that no o
17、ne ever gets until they dont need to know anymore. I find myself rising from behind my desk, mesmerized by the little form before me. I walk towards the window, my eyes not budging from their goal. Hes still plowing the earth with the toe of his shoe, talking away to whatever has a moment to listen.
18、 My eyes fill with tearsI cant bear this pain any more. I reach out for the window frame, leaning into it in weariness of a life hard fought, knowing of the battle he has yet to face. PASSAGE TWO Animation is older than cinema, indeed almost as old as photography. Nipce made the first still photogra
19、ph in 1826, just six years before Plateau invented the Phenakistoscope. The （分数：19.95）(1).The first two paragraphs are developed by -|_|-. (PASSAGE ONE)（分数：1.33）A.contrastB.comparisonC.exemplificationD.classification(2).The focus of Paragraph 2 is -|_|-. (PASSAGE ONE)（分数：1.33）A.fantasy of childrenB.
20、happiness of childrenC.melancholy of the little boyD.beautiful scene in the playground(3).Question instead of statement used in Paragraph 3 is to show -|_|-. (PASSAGE ONE)（分数：1.33）A.imagination of the authorB.loneliness of the little boyC.cruelties of the childrenD.puzzles of childhood(4).The best t
21、itle for the story might be -|_|-. (PASSAGE ONE)（分数：1.33）A.ChildhoodB.PlaygroundC.The WindowD.The Little Boy(5).The focus of the last sentence in Paragraph 1 is -|_|-. (PASSAGE TWO)（分数：1.33）A.birth of cinemaB.popularity of toysC.story-telling filmsD.drawn animation(6).Paragraph 2 is developed by -|_
22、|-. (PASSAGE TWO)（分数：1.33）A.cause and effectB.chronological orderC.classificationD.exemplification(7).The word languished in Paragraph 4 means -|_|-. (PASSAGE TWO)（分数：1.33）A.abandonedB.declinedC.disappearedD.retreated(8).The viewpoint that shyness is a personality trait is supported by the following
23、 details EXCEPT -|_|-. (PASSAGE THREE)（分数：1.33）A.shy persons learn to be shy due to their experienceB.shy people are not always shy in certain situationsC.shy persons are not talkative when meeting strangersD.shy people feel uncomfortable when meeting people(9).The following factors contribute to sh
24、yness EXCEPT -|_|-. (PASSAGE THREE)（分数：1.33）A.heredityB.environmentC.cultureD.lifestyle(10).Stanford Shyness Inventory was used to show -|_|-. (PASSAGE THREE)（分数：1.33）A.gender difference of shynessB.social problems caused by shynessC.relationship between shyness and cultureD.attitudes towards shynes
25、s among Asian races(11).SECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS In this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO more than TEN words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO. The word form in Paragraph 5 means 1. (PASSAGE ONE)（分数：1.33）(
26、12).The focus of Paragraph 4 is 1. (PASSAGE TWO)（分数：1.33）(13).The topic of this passage is about 1. (PASSAGE TWO)（分数：1.33）(14).The readership of this article mainly comes from 1. (PASSAGE THREE)（分数：1.33）(15).The targeted readers of this article might be 1. (PASSAGE THREE)（分数：1.33）专业英语四级分类模拟355答案解析 (
27、总分：44.95，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART CLOZE(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Aprincipal Blubricating Cyield DCrude Esubstitute Fcollecting Gsurplus Himpractical Ismelting Jgathering Kproduce Lrivaled Mcompeted Npetroleum OCoarse An important new industry, oil refining, grew after the Civil War. 1 oil, or petroleum, a dark, thick
28、 ooze from the earth had been known for hundreds of years, but little use had ever been made of it. In the l850s, Samuel M. Kier, a manufacturer in western Pennsylvania, began 2 the oil and refining it into kerosene. Refining, like 3 , is a process of removing impurities from a raw material. Kerosen
29、e was used to light lamps. It was a cheap 4 for whale oil, which was becoming harder to get. Soon there was a large demand for kerosene. People began to search for new supplies of 5 . The first oil well was drilled by E. L. Drake, a retired railroad conductor. In 1859 he began drilling in Titusville
30、, Pennsylvania. The whole venture of drilling seemed so 6 and foolish that onlookers called it Drakes Folly. But when he had drilled down about 70 feet (21 meters), Drake struck oil. His well began to 7 20 barrels of crude oil a day. News of Drakes success brought oil prospectors to the scene. By th
31、e early 1860s these wildcatters were drilling for black gold all over western Pennsylvania. The boom 8 the California gold rush of 1848 in its excitement and Wild West atmosphere. And it brought far more wealth to the prospectors than any gold rush. Petroleum could be refined into many products. For
32、 some years kerosene continued to be the 9 one. It was sold in grocery stores and door-to-door. In the 1880s and 1890s refiners learned how to make other petroleum products such as waxes and 10 oil. Petroleum was not then used to make gasoline or heating oil.（分数：25.00）解析：D 考点 考查形容词。 空格处所填词位于句首，首字母需大
33、写。根据oil后面的描述：“一种深色的、黏稠的渗出物”可知这里所说的是“原油”，D项Crude意为“未经加工的，天然的”，crude oil为固定表达，意思是“原油”，所以答案选D；O项Coarse意为“粗糙的”，与原文文意不符，可排除。解析：F 考点 考查动词。 在本句中，and连接 -|_|-the oil和refining it into kerosene(将其提炼为煤油)两个并列的句子结构。根据常识，应该是先采集石油，再提炼为煤油。J项gathering意为“聚集”，一般表示单纯的由少积多的收集；F项collecting意为“采集”，通常表示有目的或有选择性地收集；相比较可知，F项最合
34、适。解析：I 考点 考查名词。 本句意为“与 -|_|-一样，石油提炼是从原材料中除去杂质的过程。”由like(像，和一样)可知，空格处的单词应与Refining(石油提炼)并列且意思相近，选项中只有I项smelting符合，意为“冶金学熔炼，精炼”。解析：E 考点 考查名词。 该句意为“它是鲸油的一种便宜的 -|_|-，而鲸油正变得越来越难以获得。”根据上下文和常识，鲸油越来越难以获得则会变得十分稀缺，那人类就需要寻找它的“替代品”，因此E项substitute“替代品”符合文意；A项principal“校长”、C项yield“产量”和G项surplus“剩余；盈余；贸易顺差”均不符合句意，
35、故排除。解析：N 考点 考查名词。 本句意为“人们开始寻找新的 -|_|-供应。”由前一句可知，空格处所填单词应为一个表示能源的名词，选项中只有N项petroleum表示“石油”，故选N。解析：H 考点 考查形容词。 该句意为“整个采油的过程看起来是如此的 -|_|-和愚蠢，以至于旁观者称之为德雷克的蠢事。”空格和后面的foolish由and连接，因此空格所填词应是与foolish含义相近的负向词汇，选项中符合条件的只有H项impractical，意为“不实际的”。解析：C 考点 考查动词。 根据上下文，此处意为“他的油井开始每天产20桶原油”，原油是直接被开采出来的，并不需要“制造”或“加工
36、”的过程。综观选项，K项produce意为“生产，制造”；C项yield意为“产出”，故选C。解析：L 考点 考查动词。 前一句中提到“盲目开采油井者”在宾夕法尼亚西部钻井，寻找石油这种“黑色的金子”。空格所在句大意为：“这项繁荣的事业可与1848年的加州淘金热 -|_|-。”结合上下文和历史知识可知，“石油开采”这般热潮可以比得上1848年的淘金热。选项中M项competed意为“竞争”，是不及物动词，表示“比得上；与竞争”，后面要加介词with；L项rivaled为及物动词，意为“竞争，与相匹敌”，所以正确答案是L。解析：A 考点 考查形容词。 分析句子结构可知，空格处需填形容词。A项pr
37、incipal作形容词，意为“主要的”。根据上下文可知，此处是说“数年来煤油一直是主要的通过石油提炼出来的产品”，故A项为正确答案。解析：B 考点 考查形容词。 该处句意为“19世纪八九十年代，炼油者们懂得了如何生产其他石油产品，如蜡和 -|_|-油。”由此可知，空格处所填词与oil构成的名词短语表示一种石油产品，根据常识可推测，该产品为润滑油，因此只有B项lubricating“润滑的，加润滑油的”符合句意。二、PART READING COMPR(总题数：1，分数：20.00)SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section there
38、 are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO. PASSAGE ONE There is a window in the office where I
39、work that overlooks the playground next door. Seated at my desk, I can look out of this window and am rewarded with a most delightful view. Several times during the day, the students at the elementary school are released to the always ready play area. Children of many colors and sizes romp around th
40、e grounds, whooping and hollering and carrying on as children do. I see swings flying in the air, teeter totters balancing precariously on end, big rubber balls earning new bruises on the blacktop. In the foreground are picnic benches under an aging oak tree, where little girls come to share secrets
41、 and little boys sneak up from behind to steal them away. As I sit at my desk and observe the frenzied play of these children who are working so hard at being children, I see a small boy to my right. What catches my eye is that he is standing in the area of the soccer goal, by himself, looking down
42、at his shoes. He picks at his navy blue sweat jacket, pulling the string ties back and forth through the casing. He stubs his Niked tennis shoe in the dirt, again, and again, and again. I see his lips movehe seems to be talking to himself, all alone, oblivious to the world around him. There are chil
43、dren at play in the background, plenty to team up with, yet he stands idle, off to himself. Watching him, I begin to fantasize about his melancholy. Is he an only child of working parents who are so busy with their own lives they dont have time for him? Or is he one of several children, caught in th
44、e stampede of family life, getting trampled on by the older children as they pass him up, and pulled down by the younger siblings as they compete with him. Is he loved or abused? Smart or slow to learn? What does he think about when hes by himself?. What are his dreams? His fears? Is he a new child,
45、 too shy to make friends? Or is he a victim of the cruelties of childs play? Days of my own childhood come flooding back to me. Remembering the days when I felt as he must be feeling now, so alone. As an adult, I can still feel that sometime hollowness. I understand these feelings even less than I d
46、id when I was his age. I ache for this small child that has so much to learn and experience, as much potential for pain in his future as happiness. I want to reach out to him, wrap my arms around him and tell him that its OK, hes not alone, that I care, as will so many others in his life to come. I
47、want to assure him that its alright to feel the way he does, but that it gets better and he must look to the good things, to learn from his experiences. I want to give him all the answers to all the questions that no one ever gets until they dont need to know anymore. I find myself rising from behind my desk, mesmerized by the little form before me. I walk towards the window, my eyes not budging from their goal. Hes still plowing the earth with the toe of his shoe, talking away to whatever has a moment to listen. My eyes fill with tearsI cant bear
