1、专业英语四级分类模拟320及答案解析 (总分：70.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：3，分数：70.00)ARecently Bconsumers Cchemicals Denvironment Ecombine Ftransparent Gbuy Hcompanion Iexperts Jforms Kbury Lpaper Mscholar Nplastic OUsually A sunflower is a sunflower. A mobile phone is a mobile phone. But can you 1 the two to do something
2、 for your local 2 ? It may well be possible. When you have finished with your mobile phone you will be able to 3 it in the garden or a plant pot and wait for it to flower. 4 , a biodegradable mobile phone was introduced by scientists. It is hoped that the new type of phone will encourage 5 to recycl
3、e. Scientists have come up with a new material over the last five years. It looks like any other 6 and can be hard or soft, and able to change shape. Overtime it can also break down into the soil without giving out any toxic 7 . British researchers used the new material to develop a phone cover that
4、 contains a sunflower seed. When this new type of cover turns into waste, it 8 nitrates (硝酸盐). These feed the seed and help the flower grow. Engineers have designed a small 9 window to hold the seed. They have made sure it only grows when the phone is thrown away. Weve only put sunflower seeds into
5、the covers so far. But we are working with plant 10 to find out which flowers would perform best. Maybe we could put roses in next time, said one scientist.（分数：25.00）Acasual Bretirement Cto take Dpaid Esubjective Fformal Goverseas Hobjectives Istandardized Jever Kqualified Lnever Mcommercial Ntaking
6、 Ocause There is virtually no limit to how one can serve community interests, from spending a few hours a week with some charitable organizations to practically full-time work for a social agency. Just as there are opportunities for voluntary service 11 (VSO) for young people before they take up ful
7、l-time employment, there are opportunities for overseas service for 12 technicians in developing countries. Some people, particularly those who retire early, offer their technical and business skills in countries where there is a special need. So in considering voluntary or 13 community service ther
8、e are more opportunities than there 14 were when one first began work. Most voluntary organizations have only a small full-time staff, and depend very much on volunteers and part-timers. This means that working relationships are different from those in 15 organizations, and values may be different.
9、In some ways they may seem more 16 and less efficient, but one should not judge them by commercial criteria. The people who work with them do so for different reasons and with different 17 , both personal and organizational. One should not join them expecting to arm them with professional expertise;
10、 they must be joined with commitment to the 18 , not business efficiency. Because salaries are small or non-existent, many voluntary bodies offer modest expenses. But many retired people take part in community service for free, simply because they enjoy the work. Many community activities possible i
11、n 19 were also possible during ones working life but they are to be undertaken no less seriously for that. Retired people who are just looking for something different or unusual to do should not consider 20 community service.（分数：25.00）A. accustomed B. carefully C. cautiously D. concrete E. credibili
12、ty F. decayed G. desire H. dimensions I. eligible J. exposed K. indication L. occasions M. permanent N. sensitivity O. translated Fear can be an effective way to change behavior. One study compared the effects of high-fear and low-fear appeals on changes in attitudes and behaviors related to dental
13、hygiene. One group of subjects was shown awful pictures of 21 teeth and diseased gums; another group was shown less frightening materials such as plastic teeth, charts, and graphs. Subjects who saw the frightening materials reported more anxiety and a greater 22 to change the way they took care of t
14、heir teeth than the low-fear group did. But were these reactions actually 23 into better dental hygiene practices? To answer this important question, subjects were called back to the laboratory on two 24 (five days and six weeks after the experiment). They chewed disclosing wafers (牙疾诊断片) that give
15、a red stain to any uncleaned areas of the teeth and thus provided a direct 25 of how well they were really taking care of their teeth. The result showed that the high-fear appeal did actually result in greater and more 26 changes in dental hygiene. That is, the subjects 27 to high-fear warnings brus
16、hed their teeth more 28 than did those who saw low-fear warnings. However, to be an effective persuasive device it is very important that the message not be too frightening and that people be given 29 guidelines to help them to reduce the cause of the fear. If this isnt done, they may reduce their a
17、nxiety by denying the message or the 30 of the communicator. If that happens, it is unlikely that either attitude or behavior change will occur.（分数：20.00）专业英语四级分类模拟320答案解析 (总分：70.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：3，分数：70.00)ARecently Bconsumers Cchemicals Denvironment Ecombine Ftransparent Gbuy Hcompanion Ie
18、xperts Jforms Kbury Lpaper Mscholar Nplastic OUsually A sunflower is a sunflower. A mobile phone is a mobile phone. But can you 1 the two to do something for your local 2 ? It may well be possible. When you have finished with your mobile phone you will be able to 3 it in the garden or a plant pot an
19、d wait for it to flower. 4 , a biodegradable mobile phone was introduced by scientists. It is hoped that the new type of phone will encourage 5 to recycle. Scientists have come up with a new material over the last five years. It looks like any other 6 and can be hard or soft, and able to change shap
20、e. Overtime it can also break down into the soil without giving out any toxic 7 . British researchers used the new material to develop a phone cover that contains a sunflower seed. When this new type of cover turns into waste, it 8 nitrates (硝酸盐). These feed the seed and help the flower grow. Engine
21、ers have designed a small 9 window to hold the seed. They have made sure it only grows when the phone is thrown away. Weve only put sunflower seeds into the covers so far. But we are working with plant 10 to find out which flowers would perform best. Maybe we could put roses in next time, said one s
22、cientist.（分数：25.00）解析：E 考点 考查动词。 该空应填入动词原形，选项中只有E、G和K是动词原形。文章前两句点明向日葵和手机是两种截然不同的东西，这里用But话锋一转，可以推测此处讲的是：你能不能把两者结合起来，因此E项combine“结合”符合文意。解析：D 考点 考查名词。 本题需通读全文，对整篇文章有所了解才能得出答案。由下文的相关信息词biodegradable(生物可降解的)、recycle(回收)等可推断出，本句是说“但是你可以把这两者结合起来为当地环境做些事情吗?”因此D项environment“环境”符合文意。解析：K 考点 考查动词。 根据be able
23、to可判断空格处需填动词原形，综观剩余备选项，G项buy“购买”和K项bury“埋”符合条件。结合句意“当你的手机报废时，你可以把它 -|_|-进花园或花盆，等待它开出花朵。可知K项bury符合文意。解析：A 考点 考查副词。 分析本句的句子结构，空格处所填词充当状语成分且首字母需要大写，符合条件的只有A项Recently“最近，目前”和O项Usually“通常”，结合文意，选项A更贴切。解析：B 考点 考查名词。 结合句意“这种新型手机有望激励 -|_|-进行回收利用”可推知，此空应填表示人的名词，使用手机的人可以统称为“消费者，顾客”，故B项consumers“消费者”符合文意。解析：N
24、考点 考查名词。 前句提到科学家研发了一种新型材料，接着指出“这种新材料像其他 -|_|-一样可硬可软，容易改变形状”，而这正是塑料的特性，故选N项plastic“塑料”。解析：C 考点 考查名词。 本句意为“随着时间的流逝，它也能分解，融进土壤里，而且不会释放出任何有毒的 -|_|-。”根据常识，分解后释放出来的一般是化学物质，因此C项chemicals“化学物质”符合句意。解析：J 考点 考查动词。 本句的时态为一般现在时，该空格所填词为第三人称单数形式的动词，因此选项中只有J项forms“形成”符合文意。解析：F 考点 考查形容词。 根据空格后的名词window推断此处需填形容词，剩余备
25、选项中只有F项transparent“透明的”和N项plastic“塑料的”可选。此外，根据常识可知，只有把窗户设计成“透明”的才便于工程师观察种子的生长状况。解析：I 考点 考查名词。 由句意“但我们(科学家)现在正和植物 -|_|-合作”可知，空格处应填表示一类人的名词，B项consumers“消费者”和I项experts“专家”符合。根据文意，科学家研究过程中的合作对象必定是这方面的植物专家，因此选I。Acasual Bretirement Cto take Dpaid Esubjective Fformal Goverseas Hobjectives Istandardized Jev
26、er Kqualified Lnever Mcommercial Ntaking Ocause There is virtually no limit to how one can serve community interests, from spending a few hours a week with some charitable organizations to practically full-time work for a social agency. Just as there are opportunities for voluntary service 11 (VSO)
27、for young people before they take up full-time employment, there are opportunities for overseas service for 12 technicians in developing countries. Some people, particularly those who retire early, offer their technical and business skills in countries where there is a special need. So in considerin
28、g voluntary or 13 community service there are more opportunities than there 14 were when one first began work. Most voluntary organizations have only a small full-time staff, and depend very much on volunteers and part-timers. This means that working relationships are different from those in 15 orga
29、nizations, and values may be different. In some ways they may seem more 16 and less efficient, but one should not judge them by commercial criteria. The people who work with them do so for different reasons and with different 17 , both personal and organizational. One should not join them expecting
30、to arm them with professional expertise; they must be joined with commitment to the 18 , not business efficiency. Because salaries are small or non-existent, many voluntary bodies offer modest expenses. But many retired people take part in community service for free, simply because they enjoy the wo
31、rk. Many community activities possible in 19 were also possible during ones working life but they are to be undertaken no less seriously for that. Retired people who are just looking for something different or unusual to do should not consider 20 community service.（分数：25.00）解析：G 考点 考查副词。 空格所在句意为“正如年
32、轻人在从事全职工作之前有很多 -|_|-志愿服务的机会，发展中国家的一些 -|_|-技术人员也有一些海外服务的机会。”后半句出现了overseas service(海外服务)，属于同义复现，由此推测空格处应填作副词的G项overseas“在海外”。解析：K 考点 考查形容词。 此处意为“发展中国家的一些 -|_|-技术人员也有一些海外服务的机会”，由句子结构可知，空格处应填一个作定语的形容词来修饰technicians(技术人员)。对比各形容词选项可知，K项qualified“有资格的，能胜任的”符合句意，故为答案。解析：D 考点 考查形容词。 由句子结构可知，or前后的两个词应为并列的形容词
33、，且在意义上相反，共同修饰community service，而voluntary意为“自愿的，免费的”，可知空格处所填形容词的意思应为“非自愿的，收费的”，故选D项paid“付报酬的”。解析：J 考点 考查副词。 由句中there are more opportunities than there -|_|- were这一结构可知，than连接的是两个比较成分，比较的是现在的情况和一个人刚开始工作时的情况。此处缺少的就是一个表示过去状况的时间副词，L项never意为“从不”，表示否定意义，不符合上下文语境；J项ever意为“曾经，过去”，符合句意，故答案选J。解析：M 考点 考查形容词。 本
34、句意为“这意味着工作关系与 -|_|-机构的不同，并且价值观念也会不同。”根据上下文可知，本文主要讲社区服务，社区机构必定不同于商业机构、政府机构、军事机构等，而下一句的末尾又出现了commercial criteria“商业标准”，因此此处是指商业机构，选项中符合条件的只有M项commercial“商业的”。解析：A 考点 考查形容词。 空格所在句意为“从某些方面来看，社区机构可能显得更 -|_|-，同时效率也较低，但是我们不应以商业化的标准来评判它们。”根据常识可判断社区机构往往比商业机构更随意、更不正式。空格前为修饰比较级的标志词more，空格后的and连接两个并列的成分，由此判断空格处
35、所填词为形容词且含有“非正式的，随意的”之意，选项中A项casual意为“随意的，非正式的”，符合题意，故为答案；F项formal意为“正式的”，与文意相反，可排除。解析：H 考点 考查名词。 通过分析句子结构可知空格处所填词应是与reasons并列的名词。前文说到社区机构与商业机构的工作关系不同，因此它们的价值观念也会不同，由此可推测这句话是说“那些从事社区志愿服务的人做这些事是出于不同的原因，有不同的目标”，故符合句意的是H项，objectives意为“目标，宗旨”；形近词E项subjective为形容词，意为“主观的；个人的”，与句意不符，可排除。解析：O 考点 考查名词。 由逗号后的n
36、ot可知，commitment to the -|_|-与business efficiency在意思上应该是相对的。这句话是说，成为志愿者组织的一员最重要的是有为“志愿事业”奉献的精神，而不是为了商业效率，故选O项，cause作名词时除了表示“原因”，还可指事业。解析：B 考点 考查名词。 根据上下文，可推测该句的意思是“许多在退休以后做的社区活动在退休前也可以做”，即in -|_|-表示的意义与during ones working life的意义是相反的，in retirement表示退休后，故选B项retirement“退休”。解析：N 考点 考查动词。 该句意为“那些只是想在退休之后
37、寻找一些新鲜事情做的人不应该考虑 -|_|-社区服务。”常用搭配consider doing sth.意为“考虑做某事”，故选N项taking，意为“从事”。A. accustomed B. carefully C. cautiously D. concrete E. credibility F. decayed G. desire H. dimensions I. eligible J. exposed K. indication L. occasions M. permanent N. sensitivity O. translated Fear can be an effective w
38、ay to change behavior. One study compared the effects of high-fear and low-fear appeals on changes in attitudes and behaviors related to dental hygiene. One group of subjects was shown awful pictures of 21 teeth and diseased gums; another group was shown less frightening materials such as plastic te
39、eth, charts, and graphs. Subjects who saw the frightening materials reported more anxiety and a greater 22 to change the way they took care of their teeth than the low-fear group did. But were these reactions actually 23 into better dental hygiene practices? To answer this important question, subjec
40、ts were called back to the laboratory on two 24 (five days and six weeks after the experiment). They chewed disclosing wafers (牙疾诊断片) that give a red stain to any uncleaned areas of the teeth and thus provided a direct 25 of how well they were really taking care of their teeth. The result showed tha
41、t the high-fear appeal did actually result in greater and more 26 changes in dental hygiene. That is, the subjects 27 to high-fear warnings brushed their teeth more 28 than did those who saw low-fear warnings. However, to be an effective persuasive device it is very important that the message not be
42、 too frightening and that people be given 29 guidelines to help them to reduce the cause of the fear. If this isnt done, they may reduce their anxiety by denying the message or the 30 of the communicator. If that happens, it is unlikely that either attitude or behavior change will occur.（分数：20.00）解析
43、：F解析 由结构“of+空格单词+名词teeth”可知，此处应填入形容词。由后文中的diseased gums“牙龈病变”可知，空格处所在单词应表示相近意义。结合选项，decayed“腐烂的”符合句意，decayed teeth表示“蛀牙”的意思。故答案为F。解析：G解析 由a greater可知，空格处单词为可数名词的单数形式。空格处所在句子是将那些看过可怕材料的研究对象和没有看过的做对比，来说明那些看过恐怖材料的人对于改变牙齿护理方式的 -|_|-更强烈。结合选项，desire“欲望”更符合句意。故答案为G。解析：O解析 由“were reaction+空格单词+into+名词”的结构可知
44、，此处应填入动词的过去分词，表被动。语境为：这些反映能否 -|_|-更好的口腔卫生习惯。结合选项，translated“(使)转变，变为”符合语境，与into搭配，表示“转变成”的意思。故答案为O。解析：L解析 由“on two+空格单词”的结构，可知此处应填入名词，且与on搭配使用。由括号里的内容可知，实验进行了两次，说明这些研究对象被请回了实验室两次。选项中occasions“场合，机会”符合句意。on two occasions表示“两次”的意思。故答案为L。解析：K解析 由“a direct+空格单词+of”的结构可知，此处应填入名词的单数形式。语境为：牙齿有任何不干净的地方，牙疾诊断
45、片上就会有一个红斑，由此可知句意为：直接 -|_|-研究对象护理牙齿到什么程度。结合名词备选项，indication“表明，显示”符合语境。故答案为K。解析：M解析 由“more+空格单词+changes”可知，此处应填入形容词，与greater并列，共同修饰changes。语境为：结果表明，高度恐怖诉求确实对口腔卫生产生了更大和更 -|_|-的变化，备选的形容词有permanent“长久的”和concrete“具体的”，将这两个词分别代入语境，permanent更符合语境，表示更长久的变化，而不是更具体的变化。解析：J解析 句子的主要结构为the subjects brushed their
46、 teeth，空格处单词与to high-fear warnings共同构成后置定语，修饰subjects，由此判断，此处应填入形容词或分词。前文中提及向被调查对象展示可怕的照片，因此，空格处的信息应表示：看到高度恐惧警示照片的研究对象。结合选项可知，exposed“暴露，显露”符合句意，exposed to表示“接触到的”。故答案为J。解析：B解析 空格前出现动词brush，并且more+空格单词，由此可知，此处应填入副词。副词备选项为carefully“小心地”和cautiously“谨慎地”，结合语境，很明显可知，carefully符合句意，表示“刷牙更仔细”的意思。故答案为B。解析：D解析 由“be given+空格单词+deadlines”可知，此处应填入形容词。备选形容词为eligible“有资格的”，concrete“具体的”，语境为：给人们 -|_|-的指导以帮助他们。结合选项，concrete符合语境，表示“具体的指导”。故答案为D。解析：E解析 由“the+空格单词+of”可知，此处应填入名词。语境为：如果没有做到这些，那么他们就有可能通过否定这些信息或信息传递者的 -|_|-来减轻焦虑。可选名词中credibility“可信度”符合语境。故答案为E。
