1、专业英语四级分类模拟319及答案解析 (总分：85.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：4，分数：85.00)Aincreasingly Bdisorders Cshelter Ddramatically Ediscovers Fpredicts Ghomeless HFurthermore Idwelling Jcomprehensive KIndeed Laddicted Mcoordination Nindulged Owandering The homeless make up a growing percentage of Americas population. 1
2、, homelessness has reached such proportions that local government cant possibly cope. To help homeless people toward independence, the federal governments must support job training programs, raise the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing. Not everyone agrees on the number of Americans who ar
3、e 2 . Estimates range anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. Although the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is increasing. One of the federal governments studies 3 that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.
4、 Finding ways to assist this growing homeless population has become 4 difficult. Even when homeless individuals manage to find a 5 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 6 the street. Part of the problem is that many homele
5、ss adults are 7 to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental 8 . Many others, while not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday survival skills needed to turn their lives around. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve o
6、nly when there are 9 programs that address the many needs of the homeless. As Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, puts it, There has to be 10 of programs. What we need is a package deal.（分数：25.00）Abreeds Bgrounding Cracial DWhen Eowe Fisolation Gimme
7、diately Haffects Ieffective Jowing Kefficient Lcharacter MAs Ncorporation Oemerging In only two decades Asian, American has become the fastest-growing U.S. minority. 11 their children began moving up through the nations schools, it became clear that a new class of academic achievers was 12 . Their a
8、chievements are reflected in the nations best universities, where mathematics, science and engineering departments have taken on a decidedly Asian 13 . (This special liking for mathematics and science is partly explained by the fact that Asian-American students who began their education abroad arriv
9、ed in the U.S. with a solid 14 in mathematics but little or no knowledge of English.) They are also influenced by the promise of a good job after college. Asians feel there will be less unfair treatment in areas like mathematics and science because they will be judged more 15 in something like engin
10、eering than with an arts degree. Most Asian-American students 16 their success to the influence of parents who are determined that their children take full advantage of what the American educational system has to offer. A(n) 17 . measure of parental attention is homework. Asian parents spend more ti
11、me with their children than American parents do, and it helps. Many researchers also believe there is something in Asian culture that 18 success, such as ideals that stress family values and emphasize education. Both explanations for academic success worry Asian-Americans because of fears that they
12、feed a typical 19 image. Many can remember when Chinese, Japanese and Filipino immigrants were the victims of social 20 . Indeed, it was not until 1952 that laws were laid down giving all Asian immigrants the right to citizenship.（分数：25.00）A. emerging B. testify C. sought D. merging E. in general F.
13、 transformed G. pigment H. painstaking I. in total J. close K. ratify L. ritualistic M. figure N. extant O. shifted Painting, the execution of forms and shapes on a surface by means of 21 , has been continuously practiced by humans for some 20 000 years. Together with other activities that may have
14、been 22 in origin but have come to be designated as artistic such as music or dance, painting was one of the earliest ways in which man 23 to express his own personality and his 24 understanding of an existence beyond the material world. Unlike music and dance, how-ever, examples of early forms of p
15、ainting have survived to the present day. The modern eye can derive aesthetic as well as antiquarian satisfaction from the 15000-year-old cave murals of Lascauxsome examples 25 to the considerable powers of draftsmanship of these early artists. And painting, like other arts, exhibits universal quali
16、ties that make it easy for viewers of all nations and civilizations to understand and appreciate. The major 26 examples of early painting anywhere in the world are found in Western Europe and Russia. But some 5000 years ago, the areas in which important paintings were executed 27 to the eastern Medi
17、terranean Sea and neighboring regions. Therefore, Western shared a European cultural traditionthe Middle East and Mediterranean Basin and, later, the countries of the New World. Western painting is 28 distinguished by its concentration on the representation of the human 29 , whether in the heroic co
18、ntext of antiquity or the religious context of the early Christian and medieval world. The Renaissance extended this tradition through a 30 examination of the natural world and an investigation of balance, harmony, and perspective in the visible world, linking painting to the developing sciences of
19、anatomy and optics.（分数：10.00）A. disregarding B. considering C. for which D. which E. choices F. ideal G. Moreover H. perfect I. therefore J. competent K. drift L. flexible M. float N. requirements O. risks Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, the choice of an o
20、ccupation should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, most people make several job choices during their working lives, partly because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve their position. The one 31 job does not exist. Young people should 32 ent
21、er a broad 33 training program that will fit them for a field of work rather than for a single job. Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans without the benefit of help from a 34 vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing little about the occupational world, or themselves for tha
22、t matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss basis. Some 35 from job to job. Others stick to work in which they are unhappy and 36 they are not fitted. One common mistake is choosing an occupation for its real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school studentsor their parents for themchoos
23、e the professional field, 37 both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal 38 . The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a white-collar job is no good reason for choosing it as lifes work. 39 , these occupations are not alw
24、ays well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the majority of young people should give serious consideration to these fields. Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants out of life and how hard he is willing to work
25、 to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security; others are willing to take 40 for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its（分数：25.00）专业英语四级分类模拟319答案解析 (总分：85.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：4，分数：85.00)Aincreasingly Bdisorde
26、rs Cshelter Ddramatically Ediscovers Fpredicts Ghomeless HFurthermore Idwelling Jcomprehensive KIndeed Laddicted Mcoordination Nindulged Owandering The homeless make up a growing percentage of Americas population. 1 , homelessness has reached such proportions that local government cant possibly cope
27、. To help homeless people toward independence, the federal governments must support job training programs, raise the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing. Not everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are 2 . Estimates range anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. Although the figure may va
28、ry, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is increasing. One of the federal governments studies 3 that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. Finding ways to assist this growing homeless population has become 4 difficult. Eve
29、n when homeless individuals manage to find a 5 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 6 the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are 7 to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have s
30、erious mental 8 . Many others, while not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday survival skills needed to turn their lives around. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are 9 programs that address the many needs of the homeless. As Edward
31、 Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, puts it, There has to be 10 of programs. What we need is a package deal.（分数：25.00）解析：K 考点 考查副词。 空格位于句首且后面有逗号，由此可以判断应填入逻辑衔接词。文章首先提到美国的无家可归者在总人口中所占的比例越来越大，接着指出无家可归问题已经达到如此严重的地步，以至于连地方政府都无法解决。由此我们可以确定后一句是对前一句的强调转述，indeed意为“
32、其实，实际上”，表示强调，furthermore意为“进一步说”，表示递进，故选K项Indeed。解析：G 考点 考查形容词。 该句意为“不是每个人都认同 -|_|-的美国人的数量”，根据下文that the number of the homeless is increasing可知，这里指的是无家可归的人，故空格处应选G项homeless，意为“无家可归的”。解析：F 考点 考查动词。 后半句的意思是“无家可归者的数量在本年代末将会达到约1900万”，由时间状语by the end of this decade可知，此处表达的是对未来状况的“预测”，故选F项，predicts意为“预测，预
33、计”，而E项discovers意为“发现”，不符合句意，故排除。解析：A 考点 考查动副词。 本句意为“寻找方法以帮助不断增长的流浪者已经变得 -|_|-困难。”空格后面是形容词difficult，因此判断空格处应填入副词。所给选项中A项increasingly“渐增地”和D项dramatically“急剧地”为副词，这里提到流浪者越来越多(growing homeless population)，所以帮助他们也越来越难，increasingly修饰difficult即等同于more and more difficult，故选A。解析：C 考点 考查名词。 that引导的定语从句“ -|_|-
34、能给他们提供一日三餐和晚上的住宿”对先行词，也就是空格处所填的词进行修饰说明，由此可知此处应填一个表示“住所”的名词。选项中shelter意为“庇护所，避难所(尤指无家可归者的临时收容所)”，dwelling意为“住宅，寓所(一般是较为固定的住处)”，根据句意可知C项shelter更符合。解析：O 考点 考查动词。 根据上下文推测，此处要表示的意思是“虽然这些流浪者可能找到了一个住处，但他们中的很多人大部分时间仍在街上游荡”。由street可知，空格处应填一个及物动词，且根据常用搭配spend.doing可知此处应填动词的现在分词形式。综上所述，选项中只有O项wandering符合，意为“游荡
35、，流浪”。解析：L 考点 考查动词。 本句意为“(导致这个问题的)部分原因就是很多无家可归的成年人 -|_|-酒精和毒品”，由常识可知，空格处的单词应为“沉溺”之意，L项addicted和N项indulged均符合，但根据空格后面的介词to可知L项为正确答案，be addicted to为固定搭配，意为“沉溺于”，而indulged通常跟介词in搭配，故排除。解析：B 考点 考查名词。 该句意为“他们其中很大一部分人有严重的精神 -|_|-”，由上文可知：很多无家可归的成年人沉溺于酒精和毒品，因此可推测他们可能心理或精神上有问题，即空格处的单词应为表示类似“疾病”含义的名词。选项中只有B项di
36、sorders符合句意，意为“(身体或精神健康的)紊乱，失调”。解析：J 考点 考查形容词。 由于要解决流浪者的许多需求(many needs of the homeless)，所以这些计划应该是综合的、全面的，符合句意的只有J项，comprehensive意为“综合的，全面的”，故选J。解析：M 考点 考查名词。 由上文中的comprehensive programs that address the many needs of the homeless(的综合性计划)和后文的a package deal(一揽子计划)可知，需要对多种项目进行协调，故本题选M项，coordination意为“
37、协调”。Abreeds Bgrounding Cracial DWhen Eowe Fisolation Gimmediately Haffects Ieffective Jowing Kefficient Lcharacter MAs Ncorporation Oemerging In only two decades Asian, American has become the fastest-growing U.S. minority. 11 their children began moving up through the nations schools, it became cle
38、ar that a new class of academic achievers was 12 . Their achievements are reflected in the nations best universities, where mathematics, science and engineering departments have taken on a decidedly Asian 13 . (This special liking for mathematics and science is partly explained by the fact that Asia
39、n-American students who began their education abroad arrived in the U.S. with a solid 14 in mathematics but little or no knowledge of English.) They are also influenced by the promise of a good job after college. Asians feel there will be less unfair treatment in areas like mathematics and science b
40、ecause they will be judged more 15 in something like engineering than with an arts degree. Most Asian-American students 16 their success to the influence of parents who are determined that their children take full advantage of what the American educational system has to offer. A(n) 17 . measure of p
41、arental attention is homework. Asian parents spend more time with their children than American parents do, and it helps. Many researchers also believe there is something in Asian culture that 18 success, such as ideals that stress family values and emphasize education. Both explanations for academic
42、 success worry Asian-Americans because of fears that they feed a typical 19 image. Many can remember when Chinese, Japanese and Filipino immigrants were the victims of social 20 . Indeed, it was not until 1952 that laws were laid down giving all Asian immigrants the right to citizenship.（分数：25.00）解析
43、：M 考点 考查连词。 该句意为“ -|_|-他们的孩子开始向高一级的学校升级，很显然，新的一批学术上的成功人士 -|_|-。”根据句子结构可判断，空格位于本句的句首，因此该处可填入一个连词，且前后两个分句之间的关系为因果关系，所以前半句应该为一个原因状语从句，M项as意为“由于，鉴于”，可以引导原因状语从句。D项When不能引导原因状语从句，因此答案选M。解析：O 考点 考查动词。 空格所在句意为“新的一批学术上的成功人士 -|_|-”，由此可见，这是前文提到的“亚裔美国学生升学”的结果。故可推测，这是描述一种新的现象的出现，因此选O项emerging，意为“出现，浮现”。解析：L 考点 考
44、查名词。 根据句意“数学、自然科学和工程学这些院系呈现明显的亚洲 -|_|-”可以推测，此处需填具有“特征”含义的名词。所有选项中只有L项符合，character意为“特征”。A项breeds作名词，意为“品种，种族”，不符合句意，故答案选L。解析：B 考点 考查名词。 but后的内容little or no knowledge of English“很少或根本不懂英语”和空格处的内容“在数学方面有坚实的 -|_|-”形成对比，况且由常识可以判断，亚洲学生往往要比美国学生更擅长数学，因此空格处需填入表示“基础、功底”等类似含义的名词。B项grounding有“基础”的意思，solid grou
45、nding为常用搭配，意为“坚实的基础”，因此答案选B。解析：G 考点 考查副词。 该句意为“亚裔美国学生觉得在数学和自然科学这些领域中受到的不平等待遇会少些，因为在像工科这样的领域，他们会比在文科领域更 -|_|-得到鉴定。”根据常识判断，理工科并不像文科那样主观，因此他们会更容易直接得到评判和鉴定，选项中所给的副词选项immediately意为“直接地；立即地”，符合句意，故选G。解析：E 考点 考查动词。 该句意为“多数亚裔美国学生把他们的成功 -|_|-于父母对他们的影响”，后文提到：亚洲父母在辅导孩子方面比美国父母花费的时间要多而且效果显著，因此我们可以推断此处是要表达：亚裔的美国学
46、生把成功“归功于”父母的影响。owe.to.是固定搭配，意为“把归因于”。句子的主语是复数名词students，缺少谓语，全文用的是一般现在时，由此可以排除J项owing，正确答案是E项owe。解析：I 考点 考查形容词。 结合句意“家庭作业是衡量父母关心孩子的程度的一种 -|_|-手段”，可知此处需填修饰measure的形容词，所给选项中，I项effective意为“有效的”；K项efficient意为“有效率的”，强调效率。effective更符合句意，故选I。解析：A 考点 考查动词。 该句意为“许多研究者还认为在亚洲文化中有 -|_|-成功的因素，比如强调家庭价值和重视教育的理想”。宾
47、语从以句可简化成something -|_|- success，由such as后面的内容可以推断出，这些“理想”促使了亚洲人的成功。A项breeds意为“产生，引起”，H项affects意为“影响”；两者相比，后者不如前者更直接，故选A项。解析：C 考点 考查形容词。 that引导的同位语从句进一步解释说明先行词fears。该句意为“关于学业成功的两种解释都令亚裔美国学生担忧，因为他们害怕自己塑造了一种典型的 -|_|-形象。”下文紧接着提到Chinese，Japanese and Filipino immigrants，可知该句说的是种族形象，因此空格处应填含“种族的”之意的形容词。故选C
48、项racial，意为“种族的，人种的”。解析：F 考点 考查名词。 本句意为“许多人都能记得，中国、日本和菲律宾的移民曾经是社会 -|_|-的受害者。”此处应填一个表示社会事件或现象的名词，选项可锁定在F项isolation“隔离”和N项corporation“合作”二者之中。根据victims“受害者”可知空格处所填词应该是负向词汇，因此F项符合题意，social isolation指的是美国社会的种族隔离。A. emerging B. testify C. sought D. merging E. in general F. transformed G. pigment H. painstaking I. in total J. close K. r
