1、专业英语四级分类模拟316及答案解析 (总分：94.45，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART DICTATION(总题数：1，分数：10.00)1.Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings,
2、the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of I5 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more. . （分数：10.00）_二、PART CLOZE(总题数
3、：1，分数：20.00)A. always B. barely C. demise D. emergence E. gained F. implications G. leaf H. lost I. naturally J. object K. one L. online M. rising N. single O. value Millions of people now rent their movies the Netflix way. They fill out a wish list from the 50,000 titles on the companys Website and
4、 receive the first few DVDs in the mail; when they mail each one back, the next one on the list is sent. The Netflix model has been exhaustively analyzed for its disruptive, new-economy 1 . What will it mean for video stores like Blockbuster, which has, in fact, started a similar service? What will
5、it mean for movie studios and theaters? What does it show about long tail businessesones that combine many niche markets, like those for Dutch movies or classic musicals, into a 2 large audience? But one other major implication has 3 been mentioned: what this and similar Internet-based businesses me
6、an for that stalwart of the old economy, the United States Postal Service. Every day, some two million Netflix envelopes come and go as first-class mail. They are joined by millions of other shipments from 4 pharmacies, eBay vendors, A and other businesses that did not exist before the Internet. The
7、 5 demise of snail mail in the age of instant electronic communication has been predicted at least as often as the coming of the paperless office. But the consumption of paper keeps 6 rising. It has roughly doubled since 1980. On average, an American household receives twice as many pieces of mail a
8、 day as it did in the 1970s. The harmful side of the Internets impact is obvious but statistically less important than many would guess. People 7 write fewer letters when they can send e-mail messages. To 8 through a box of old paper correspondence is to know what has been 9 in this shift: the prett
9、y stamps, the varying look and feel of handwritten and typed correspondence, the tangible 10 that was once in the senders hands.（分数：20.00）三、PART READING COMPR(总题数：1，分数：50.00)Section A Multiple-Choice Questions Text A SYDNEYSeveral foreign owners of residential property across Australia have been ord
10、ered to sell as the government intensifies its crackdown on the abuse of homeownership laws by buyers from China and elsewhere. Treasurer Joe Hockey said foreign investors have been ordered to sell six properties in the cities of Sydney, Brisbane and Perth. The homes are valued between 152,000 and 1
11、.86 million Australian dollars (US$112,000 and US$1.37 million). The orders could be the tip of the iceberg , as Mr. Hockey said investigations have unearthed 462 possible breaches of foreign homeownership rules after the government ramped up its spending on enforcement in its May budget. The number
12、 of cases being investigated has more than doubled since the last estimate was given in June. The treasurer said he expects more divestment orders will be announced soon, and promised to increase penalties for those who break the rules. With skyrocketing house prices putting homeownership out of rea
13、ch of many Australian citizens, the conservative government is under pressure to make housing more affordable, and rein in surging investor buying that some fear may push the market to unsustainable levels, causing a crash as the economy slows at the end of a long mining boom. The worry is that mone
14、y from places such as China and Southeast Asia is fuelling the housing problem. In April, Australias Foreign Investment Review Board said China had overtaken the U.S. as the countrys biggest source of investment from overseas, with a total of A$27. 6 billion last year. Real estate accounted for almo
15、st half of the money. In March, the treasurer said he had ordered a Hong Kong-based buyer of an A$39 million Sydney mansion to sell the property after investigators said it was purchased illegally. The latest divestment orders relate to properties owned by five investors from four countries, includi
16、ng China. Some had purchased properties with Foreign Investment Review Board approval, but their circumstances changed and they failed to comply with divestment requirements, Mr. Hockey said. Others broke the rules at the outset by purchasing a property without approval, he said. The investors volun
17、tarily came forward to take advantage of an amnesty (an official pardon) from criminal prosecution announced in May, Mr. Hockey said, and they now have 12 months to sell the properties. The treasurer said foreign investors had until Nov. 30 this year to voluntarily come forward under the amnesty if
18、they had illegally purchased residential real estate in Australia. The treasurer said he plans to introduce new legislation into federal parliament in the next two weeks that will increase penalties for foreign investors who break the rules. Under the new regime, non-residents illegally acquiring es
19、tablished properties will face a maximum fine ofA$127,500 or three years imprisonment. They will also stand to lose the capital gain made on the property, 25% of the purchase price or 25% of the market value, whichever is greater. Third parties, such as real-estate agents and financial advisers, als
20、o may be prosecuted under the changes for assisting in an unlawful purchase. Rules on property buying by foreigners were strengthened about five years ago to restrict purchases to new dwellings that would boost the countrys housing stock, with the added benefit of spurring residential construction.
21、Under those rules, temporary residents were allowed to buy established homes with approval from the foreign-investment regulator, but had to sell when their temporary visas expired. Last year, a government committee recommended changes to the rules, including a clean-up of procedures to help uncover
22、 illegal home buying, penalties for breaches of the framework, punishments for third-party rule breakers and tweaks to ensure the immigration department informs the foreign-investment watchdog when a person leaves. Text B The doctors wanted to prolong her life, but they also had to respect Lis livin
23、g will for a natural death, without machines to keep her alive. After half a day in a coma, Li died peacefully in her sleep. Lis family members were unwilling to go through with her plan at first, but after seeing Li pass away peacefully and dignified, they were relieved, said Zhang Huili, Secretary
24、 General of the Beijing Living Will Promotion Association and manager of the website, Choice and Dignity. Li signed a living will through the website in 2006. Its a legal document signed by healthy or conscious people, declaring whether they would want life support, or what kind of medical treatment
25、 they would prefer in the final stage of their life when they cant speak or are unconscious, and cannot express their final life wishes. The living will contains five important details: whether the person wants medical treatment of any kind, whether they want life support, how they wish other people
26、 to treat them, what information should be made available to family and friends, and who should come to the persons aid. More people have been signing living wills in recent years. In 2011, when the website publicized statistics for the first time, only 198 people had signed a living will on the web
27、site. That number has now increased to 20,000 in 2015, said Zhang. Before signing a living will, Li had been suffering from rectal cancer for three years. She had undergone numerous surgeries. One day, she came across the Choice and Dignity website, and agreed upon the principle of making her own en
28、d-of-life arrangements. She requested when her condition worsened, she did not want to receive any traumatic life support treatment. She gave her per-mission to receive painkillers and sleeping pills. Li printed a copy of the online living will, signed it and asked her children to honor her wishes a
29、nd to hand it to the doctor when the day came. Like Li, more people are gaining awareness of making their own end-of-life arrangements. According to research conducted by the Choice and Dignity website, 10.3 percent of 2,484 respondents had made their final life arrangements, while 67.1 percent of t
30、hem think people should make their own end-of-life arrangements. Zhang said the people who have signed the living wills are from different age groups. Most of them are between 30 and 40 years old, who have a good educational background. Zhang thinks the main reason that more people have started to s
31、ign living wills is because they have only recently become familiar with the notion as a result of its promotion through various organizations and the media. The high rate of cancer and the rapidly aging Chinese population have also made people face and think more about death, Zhang said. (People mu
32、st decide) whether they want to use most of their savings on meaningless and traumatic treatment, or die naturally and make their final days peaceful. Doctors on the front lines have also noticed more patients are making their own final life arrangements. On average, we have over 50 patients a month
33、 who are in their final stage of life. Around three of them will ask to forego treatment with the consent of their family members, said Zhuang Shaowei, a cardiologist from the Shanghai East Hospital. I think its because people today have more knowledge about dying with dignity which is still more ac
34、cepted in the West, and patients themselves and their children also tend to respect these decisions more. The US Five Wishes living will, created by the NGO, Aging with Dignity, has been widely applied in 42 states and the District of Columbia. The living will has also been largely recognized in Eur
35、ope and Singapore, where governments take the lead in encouraging citizens to complete the standard living will document, and even have regulations to guarantee that it will be obeyed. Although the living will and the idea of dying in dignity are gaining momentum in China, doctors and organizers of
36、the Choice and Dignity website say that they have encountered a unique problem when promoting the concept, due to social, cultural and legal issues. One factor is that death is a taboo topic in China, Zhuang said. Western peoples religious beliefs help them make peace with death, unlike in China, wh
37、ere most people dont follow a religion, and death holds unknown fears. Another obstacle, said Zhuang, is the culture of filial piety in China. Zhuang has dealt with many cases in which even though the patient is in a lot of pain and deep down the children know the treatment is of no use, they are re
38、luctant to agree to stop treatment, because they think it goes against filial piety. The tack of legal support also makes a living will difficult to enforce, said Liu Xiaohong, an oncologist at the Beijing Union Hospital. We have received some patients with a living will in recent years, but there i
39、s no support in law to ensure its validity, so we still have to consult with the family members, and most of the time, the family doesnt agree. Zhang said her organization is lobbying for a law through the justice department. They have submitted proposals to the legislature five times over the last
40、five years, but there has been no feedback. Many law professors around the country have given their support for such legislation. Text C What we learned about ourselves anew this week was something that, in truth, we knew already. We rediscovered a simple, human weakness: that we cannot conceive of
41、an abstract problem, or even a concrete problem involving huge numbers, except through one individual. The old Stalinist maxim about a million deaths being a statistic, a single death a tragedy, was demonstrated afresh. The lesson was taught by a silent toddler washed ashore on a beach. Aylan Kurdi
42、did not reveal a new horror. People in desperate search of European refuge have been drowning at sea for many months. The civilians of Syria, including children, have been dying in their hundreds of thousands for more than four years. So we cant pretend we didnt know. But somehow, it seems, we neede
43、d to see those little shoes and bare legs to absorb the knowledge, to let it penetrate our heads and hearts. The result has been a collective resolve to do better, a bellowed demand that something be done. Much of the talk has been of governments and quotas and policy changes. But it has not all bee
44、n about what the government or Europe can do. There has been a parallel discussion, one that begins from the ground up, starting with a family, a household, a town. Just as it took the story of one boy to allow us to see the problem, maybe a scale that is small and human offers our best chance of gl
45、impsing the solution. Witness the impact of the call-out by the Icelandic novelist Bryndis Bjorgvinsdottir. She did not just write a letter to her countrys welfare minister, demanding a change in policy. She urged her fellow Icelanders to tell their government they were ready to open their doors to
46、refugees, so long as the government opened the borders. Via Facebook she found 11,000 people willing to house Syrians fleeing for their lives. Give them the right papers, she urged, and we are willing to do the rest. Of course, this could never be a whole solution. Action for refugees means not only
47、 a welcome when they arrive, but also a remedy for the problem that made them leave. The people now running from Syria have concluded that it is a place where no one can live. They have come to that conclusion slowly, after four years of murderous violence. To make them think again would require an
48、international effort to stop not just the killers of ISIS but also Bashar al-Assads barrel bombs. This is the business of geopolitics at the highest level. For those taking to the seas and risking the razor wire, its all too far away. They cant wait for summits and treaties. They are clinging to the
49、ir children and clinging to their lives. Urging your local council to find room wont solve the whole problem, just as taking in the 10,000 Jewish children of the Kindertransport did nothing for the six million Jews who would perish in the Holocaust. But every life matters. As Shale Ahmed says: You can take local action here, right wh
