1、专业英语四级分类模拟310及答案解析 (总分：79.95，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART CLOZE(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Awhen Breach Cuntil Dso Erecovering Fphone Gappropriate Hconfusing Itell Jtune Ktone Ltype Minquiries Nrecording Oplace More and more residences, businesses, and even government agencies are using telephone answering machines to take
2、 messages or give information or instructions. Sometimes these machines give 1 instructions, or play messages that are difficult to understand. If you make telephone calls, you need to be ready to respond when you get a 2 The most common machine is the 3 used in residence. If you call a home where t
3、here is a telephone answering machine in operation you will hear several rings and then a recorded message that usually says something like this: Hello, we cant come to the 4 right now. If you want us to call you back, please leave your name and number after the beep. Then you will hear a beep, whic
4、h is a brief, high-pitched 5 . After the beep, you can say who you are, whom you want to speak to, and what number the person should call to 6 you, or you can leave a message. Some telephone answering machines record for only 20 or 30 seconds after the beep, 7 you must respond quickly. Some large bu
5、sinesses and government agencies are using telephone answering machines to provide information on topics about which they receive a large volume of 8 . Generally speaking, using these systems requires you to have a touchtone phone. The voice on the machine will tell you to push a certain button on y
6、our telephone if you want information on Topic A, another button for Topic B, and so on. You listen 9 you hear the topic you want to learn about, and then you push the 10 button. Immediately after making your selection, you will hear a recorded message on the topic.（分数：25.00）二、PART READING COMPR(总题数
7、：1，分数：35.00)SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS In this section, there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each questions, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO
8、. PASSAGE ONE Executive coaching is primarily concerned with confidential one-to-one discussions between the coach and the executive. It is aimed at performance improvement. Primary needs are diagnosed and agreed upon, a developmental-action plan is drawn up, the skill base of the executive is broad
9、ened by coaching, and then the new skill sets are tested in the workplace under the guidance of the coach. Sometimes, these needs involve team coaching, but individual coaching is the normal starting point. The coach needs to guide the executive outside his or her comfort zone in order to improve pe
10、rformance. A coaching assignment normally focuses on two or three developmental needs of the individual, and lasts for 6 to 12 months. However, it sometimes involves multiple assignments aimed at bringing about cultural change in an organization. For example, a new chief executive may want to change
11、 the culture of his organization. He could then hire a coach, and brief him or her to change the mindset of his direct subordinates on a one-to-one basis. Compared with traditional management training, which is typically related to broadbased organizational change, sometimes of a technical nature, e
12、xecutive coaching is targeted to individual and small-group change. The primary focus of coaching is often behavioral and leadership change, and is rarely of a technical nature. The difference between coaching and training is that coaching is one-to-one, highly confidential and over 612 months, wher
13、eas training is typically of a short-term, group-work-shop nature. Referring to the key ingredients for enhanced performance and team success, business coaching has a lot to learn from sports. According to sports coaches, a coach is a catalyst for change, and is not paid to preserve the status quo,
14、but to lift people out of their comfort zone, so that they grow and develop. The coach must stay in touch with the state of the art and extract from it what is relevant. All sports coaches believe passionately in the power of the team to lift performance not by just a little, but by 100%. Considerab
15、le energy is devoted to defining goals, roles, a code of conduct and to fostering group dynamics in order to optimize team productivity. Both success and failure are learning opportunities, and there is a severity in their cold-eyed, weekly analysis, which business has yet to develop. Top athletes s
16、crutinize both success and failure with their coach to extract lessons from them, but they are never distracted from longer-term goals. To be a champion athlete means developing an elitist attitudenot involving arrogance, but rather an unceasing desire to learn and improve. They never accept second
17、best, but always strive for what has not yet been achieved. There must be a sport/life balance, so that athletes are not obsessed by their goals, and thus lack a sense of perspective to cope with inevitable failure or occasional success, or the ability to recharge their batteries outside the sportin
18、g arena. PASSAGE TWO More and more young athletes are taking part in risky, adventurous activities called extreme sports, or X-sports. Its philosophy is to get as close to the edge as possible. In the past, young athletes would play hockey or baseball. Today, they want risk and excitementthe closer
19、to the edge the better. They snowboard over cliffs and mountain-bike down steep mountains. They windsurf near hurricanes, go white-water rafting through rapids, and bungee-jump from towers. Extreme sports started as an alternative to more expensive sports. A city kid who didnt have the money to buy
20、expensive sports equipment could get a skateboard and have fun. But now it has become a whole new area of sports, with specialized equipment and high levels of skill. Theres even a special Olympics for extreme sports, called the Winter X-Games, which includes snow mountain biking and ice climbing. A
21、n Extreme Games competition is held each summer in Rhode Island. It features sports such as sky surfing, where people jump from airplanes with surfboards attached to their feet. What makes extreme sports so popular? People love the excitement, says Murray Nussbaum, who sells sports equipment. City p
22、eople want to be outdoors on the weekend and do something challenging. The new equipment is so much better that people can take more risks without getting hurt. An athlete adds, Sure theres a risk, but thats part of the appeal. Once you go mountain biking or snowboarding, its impossible to go back t
23、o bike riding or skiing. Its just too boring. Now even the older crowd is starting to join in. Every weekend a group of friends in their early 30s get together. During the week they work as computer programmers in the same office. On Sundays they rent mountain bikes that cost $2,000 each and ride do
24、wn steep mountains together. Extreme sports are certainly not for everyone. Most people still prefer to play baseball or basketball or watch sports on TV. But extreme sports are definitely gaining in popularity. PASSAGE THREE People have been painting pictures for at least 30,000 years. The earliest
25、 pictures were painted by people who hunted animals. They used to paint pictures of the animals they wanted to catch and kill. Pictures of this kind have been found on the walls of caves in France and Spain. No one knows why they were painted there. Perhaps the painters thought that their pictures w
26、ould help them to catch these animals. Or perhaps human beings have always wanted to tell stories in pictures. About 5,000 years ago the Egyptians and other people in the Near East began to use pictures as a kind of writing. They drew simple pictures or signs to represent things and ideas, and also
27、to represent the sounds of their language. The signs these people used became a kind of alphabet. The Egyptians used to record information and to tell stories by putting picture-writing and pictures together. When an important person died, scenes and stories from his life were painted and carved on
28、the walls of the place where he was buried. Some of these pictures are like modern comic-strip (连环漫画) stories. It has been said that Egypt is the home of the comic strip. But, for the Egyptians, pictures still had magic power. So they did not try to make their way of writing simple. The ordinary peo
29、ple could not understand it. By the year 1,000 BC, people who lived in the area around the Mediterranean Sea had developed a simpler system of writing. The signs they used were very easy to write, and there were fewer of them than in the Egyptian system. This was because each sign, or letter, repres
30、ented only one sound in their language. The Greeks developed this system and formed the letters of the Greek alphabet. The Romans copied the idea, and the Roman alphabet is now used all over the world. These days, we can write down a story, or record information, without using pictures. But we still
31、 need pictures of all kinds: drawings, photographs, signs and diagrams. We find them everywhere: in books and newspapers, in the street, and on the walls of the places where we live and work. Pictures help us to understand and remember things more easily, and they can make a story much more interest
32、ing. PASSAGE FOUR One August afternoon, Peaches gave birth to 14 puppies. The kids were thrilled. But it crossed my mind once or twice that I had no idea how wed find good homes for so many adorable mutts. The father was a purebred golden retriever (寻回猎犬). And not until now had I wondered why Robert
33、a, who gave Peaches to us, had named her in the plural. Peaches didnt resemble a peach, either. She was jet black with long retriever hair, an agreeable blend of many breeds. But she was indeed a peach, although once when her round pups were lined against her tummy, we affectionately called her Pea
34、Pod, and that name pretty much stuck. The kids and I had a blast with the pups , but as our cuddly friends grew, the cleanup job on the backyard lawn increased as well. I usually ended up with the chore after the kids had left for school in the morning, and after eight weeks the job was getting old.
35、 Besides, the time had come to start to get them settled into permanent homes. So one weekend the kids and I piled into the van, puppies in the rear, playfully biting each others ears and tails, and we headed for the local humane society. But in northern California at that time, shelters were full o
36、f animals, and if they werent adopted quickly they were put to sleep. I tried stifling that bit of information, but it wouldnt stay submerged; I cried the whole way. When we arrived at the shelter, I dried my tears and smoothed my puffy eyes. I walked alone up to the counter and cheerfully announced
37、 I had 14 wonderful puppies for them. The woman, without looking up from her paperwork, roared, We dont take puppies. I cried all the way home, this time with tears of relief. So I placed an ad for free puppies in the newspaper. I dont think we got a single phone call. In the meantime, the kids and
38、pups grew more inseparable. Only Happy and Callie, our two cats, were allowed to spend the nights inside, but from the giggling and the look of the blankets in the morning, some pups had been overlooked at bedtime. The gate on our backyard fence opened onto the elementary schools grass field. Every
39、afternoon, scores of kids arrived to play soccer. The children loved it when their games were over, for then I would open the floodgate, releasing 14 roly-poly, tail-wagging puppies for them to play with. Surely a parent wouldnt mind taking one or two home? The parents loved the pups, too; but their
40、 disciplined ability to decline our offering amazed me. Certainly the divine plan could not have been for us to keep all 14 puppies, even if they had been given perfect names. I desperately searched the heavens for a solution. The odd idea came to put another ad in the paper, this time asking $10 fo
41、r each puppy. It worked. Placing a value on the mutts somehow had an effect. I made a deal with the kids: If they would prepare the puppy food and clean up the yard every day until all the puppies had homes, I would give them each, in turn, $10 for every pup sold. When he was about 11 weeks old, the
42、 last puppyBoots, with four white sockshad gone. It was a sad day; the yard was much too quiet. So Saturday morning I had the kids get their money jars out. They proudly carried their savings as I drove them to their favorite placethe toy store. The dog pound might have seemed easier. But I liked th
43、is ending much better.（分数：34.95）(1).Which of the following differences between executive coaching and traditional management training is NOT mentioned in the passage?( PASSAGE ONE )（分数：2.33）A.The time extent.B.The object.C.The content.D.The expense.(2).Which of the following is CORRECT about team wo
44、rk?( PASSAGE ONE )（分数：2.33）A.Team spirit enhances individuals performances to some extent.B.Its a hard job to improve team work.C.The core to team dynamics is the capability of the leader.D.Team training is much more effective than individual coaching.(3).The following can be learnt from sports by e
45、xecutive coaching EXCEPT that _.( PASSAGE ONE )（分数：2.33）A.excellent person needs strong desire to achieve the topB.failure is good experience from which we can extract lessonsC.success lies on changesD.successful people should learn how to balance the career and life(4).The first extreme sports were
46、 created _.( PASSAGE TWO )（分数：2.33）A.by a city kidB.as expensive sportsC.without specialized equipmentD.for people who enjoyed taking risks(5).Which of the following is NOT true about extreme sports according to the passage?( PASSAGE TWO )（分数：2.33）A.Extreme sports are not as popular as baseball or b
47、asketball.B.Extreme sports are principally popular among young people.C.Extreme sports will have a more and more prosperous market.D.Extreme sports require more skills than most of the other sports.(6).The Greek alphabet was simpler than the Egyptian system for all the following reasons EXCEPT that
48、_.( PASSAGE THREE )（分数：2.33）A.the former was easy to writeB.there were fewer signs in the formerC.the former was easy to pronounceD.each sign stood for only one sound(7).Which of the following statements is TRUE?( PASSAGE THREE )（分数：2.33）A.The Egyptian signs later became a particular alphabet.B.The
49、Egyptians liked to write comic-strip stories.C.The Roman alphabet was developed from the Egyptian one.D.The Greeks copied their writing system from the Egyptians.(8).In the last paragraph, the author thinks that pictures _.( PASSAGE THREE )（分数：2.33）A.should be made comprehensibleB.should be made interestingC.are of m
