1、专业英语四级-265及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Awithout Brelatively Cturn to Dmost Eserious Ffit Gtheir Henough Ioccupation Jcomparatively Kmake Lmajority Mtake risks Nwith Obasis Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of a(n)
2、1 should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, however, most people make several job choices during their working lives, partly because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve 2 position. The one perfect job does not exist. Young people should ther
3、efore enter into a broad flexible training program that will 3 them for a field of work rather than for a single job. Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans 4 benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing little about the occupational world, or the
4、mselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss 5 Some drift from job to job. Others 6 work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted. One common mistake is choosing an occupation for its real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school studentsor their parents
5、for themchoose the professional field, disregarding both the 7 small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal requirements. The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a white-collar job is a good reason for choosing it as lifes work. Nevertheless
6、, these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the 8 of young people should give 9 consideration to these fields. Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants out of life and how hard he
7、is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security, others are willing to 10 for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.（分数：25.00）Aimmediate Bafraid Cdivision Dpreserve Epeace Fshown GHowever
8、 Hdestroyed Ioutlined Jspoiled KWhereas Linstantly Mreserves Nultimately Obranch Demands for stronger protection for wildlife in Britain sometimes hide the fact that similar needs are felt in the rest of Europe. Studies by the Council of Europe, of which 21 countries are members, have 11 that 45 per
9、cent of reptile species and 24 percent of butterflies are in danger of dying out. European concern for wildlife was 12 by Dr. Peter Baum, an expert in the environment and natural resources 13 of the council, when he spoke at a conference arranged by the administrators of a British national park. The
10、 park is one of the few areas in Europe to hold the councils diploma for nature 14 of the highest quality, and Dr. Peter Baum had come to present it to the park once again. He was 15 that public opinion was turning against national parks, and that those set up in the 1960s and 1970s could not be set
11、 up today. But Dr. Baum clearly remained a strong supporter of the view that natural environments needed to be allowed to survive in 16 in their own right. No area could be expected to survive both as a true nature reserve and as a tourist attraction, he went on. The short-sighted view that reserves
12、 had to serve 17 human demands for outdoor recreation should be replaced by full acceptance of their importance as places to preserve nature for the future. We forget that they are the guarantee of life systems, on which any built-up area 18 depends, Dr. Baum went on. We could manage without most in
13、dustrial products, but we could not manage without nature. 19 , our natural environment areas, which are the original parts of our countryside, have shrunk to become mere islands in a(n) 20 and highly polluted land mass,（分数：25.00）Adisturbing Bescape Cpunishment Dcontemplate Eunfound Fstaff Greap Hst
14、uff Iundetected Jin coincidence (K) escort Lhesitate Mby accident Nglowing Oprocedures More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for
15、 his own purposes can 21 big rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without 22 . Its easy for computer crimes to go 23 if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away n
16、ot only unpunished but with a 24 recommendation from his former employers. Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But its 25 to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected 26 , not by systematic inspections or other security 27 . The computer criminals who have
17、 been caught may be the victims of uncommonly bad luck. Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes 28 punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits.
18、 All too often, their demands have been met. Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They 29 at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records rig
19、ht under the noses of the companys executives, accountants, and security 30 . And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.（分数：25.00）Asubjects Bdisruption Cexposed Dcontributes Einterviews FDespite Gactually Hproperties Iresponse Jv
20、ariables Kaction Laveraged MBesides Npartially Odisturbance People who 31 fewer than seven hours of sleep per night in the weeks before being 32 to the cold virus were nearly three times as likely to get sick as those who averaged eight hours or more, a new study found. Researchers used frequent tel
21、ephone 33 to track the sleep habits of more than 150 men and women aged 21 to 55 over the course of a few weeks. Then they exposed the 34 to the virus, quarantined them for five days and kept track of who got sick. 35 sleeping more, sleeping better also seemed to help the body fight illness: Patient
22、s who fared better on a measure known as sleep efficiencythe percentage of time in bed that youre 36 sleeping-were also less likely to get sick. The results held true even after researchers adjusted for 37 such as body-mass index, age, sex, smoking and pre-existing antibodies to the virus. Like your
23、 grandmother, the researchers arent exactly sure why sleeping better makes you less likely to develop a cold. But they do take a stab at the answer: Sleep 38 influences the regulation of proinflammatory cytokines, histamines, and other symptom mediators that are released in 39 to infection. In plain
24、 English, maybe tossing and turning when youre infected with the cold virus 40 to the symptoms that define a cold.（分数：25.00）专业英语四级-265答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Awithout Brelatively Cturn to Dmost Eserious Ffit Gtheir Henough Ioccupation Jcomparatively Kmake Lmajority Mtake ri
25、sks Nwith Obasis Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of a(n) 1 should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, however, most people make several job choices during their working lives, partly because of eco
26、nomic and industrial changes and partly to improve 2 position. The one perfect job does not exist. Young people should therefore enter into a broad flexible training program that will 3 them for a field of work rather than for a single job. Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans 4
27、 benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing little about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss 5 Some drift from job to job. Others 6 work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted. One
28、 common mistake is choosing an occupation for its real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school studentsor their parents for themchoose the professional field, disregarding both the 7 small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal requirements. The i
29、magined or real prestige of a profession or a white-collar job is a good reason for choosing it as lifes work. Nevertheless, these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the 8 of young people should give 9 consideration to these fiel
30、ds. Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants out of life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security, others are willing to 10 for financial gain. Each occupat
31、ional choice has its demands as well as its rewards.（分数：25.00）解析：I 考点 考查名词。 快速浏览全文，可知文章讨论的是人们的职业选择和规划，由此推测本句意为“理想的状况是，一种职业的选择甚至在选择中学课程之前就应当做出。”所以应选I项，occupation除了“占有”的意思外，还有一个重要的意思，就是“职业”。解析：G 考点 考查形容词。性物主代词 该句意为“部分原因是因为经济和产业的变化，还有一部分原因是他们想提高 -|_|-地位”，句子的主语是most people，这里所填的应该是主语的形容词性物主代词，most peopl
32、e指许多人，且为复数，因此只有G项their符合。解析：F 考点 考查动词。 空格所在的定语从句意为“使他们能够 -|_|-一个领域的工作而不是单一的工作”。故推测空格处所填词应表示“胜任，适合”之意，所以选F项fit，fit sb. for为固定搭配，意为“使某人适应”。解析：A 考点 考查介词。 上一段末尾提到“年轻人应该接受灵活宽泛的培训项目，使他们能够胜任一个领域的工作而不是单一的工作”，而此段开头Unfortunately表示转折关系，因此推测该句意为“不幸的是，许多年轻人不得不在没有职业咨询师或心理学专家帮助的情况下做出职业规划。”因此空格处要填含有否定意义的介词，A项withou
33、t“没有，缺少”，符合题意，为正确答案；N项with意为“有”，与文意相反，故排除。解析：O 考点 考查名词。 on a hit-or-miss basis为固定搭配，意为“毫无计划地，毫无目的地”。这句话是说“他们在毫无计划的情况下就选择了毕生的职业”，故选O项basis“基础”。解析：C 考点 考查动词。短语 上下文意为“有些人在不断地跳槽，另一些人 -|_|-自己不乐意做和不适合的工作”，由上一句的drift(漂移)可知，该空格处应填一个与其相近的动词或动词词组，选项中只有C项符合，turn to意为“转换，转向”。解析：B 考点 考查副词。 该句意为“许多高中生自己或者在父母的帮助下选
34、择了这一职业领域，根本无视该领域 -|_|-较低的工作人员比例以及对相当高的教育背景和个人素质的要求。”由题意可知，此处应该填一个表示比较的副词修饰small。选项中B项relatively意为“相对地”，J项comparatively意为“比较”，relatively强调的是两者的对应，更加符合句意，故选B。解析：L 考点 考查名词。 该句意为“由于很大一部分工作岗位都在机械和手工领域， -|_|-年轻人都应该 -|_|-考虑这些领域。”由于年轻人身强体壮，可以作为主要的社会劳动力，因此这里是指“大多数的年轻人”，L项majority符合题意，意为“大多数”，the majority of意
35、为“大多数的”；D项most也指“大多数”，常用的固定搭配为most of，前面不加the，故可排除。解析：E 考点 考查形容词。 由上题可知“大多数年轻人都应该 -|_|-考虑这些领域”，根据句意，只有E项serious符合，give serious consideration to sth.为固定搭配，意为“认真考虑某事”。解析：M 考点 考查动词。短语 根据空格前的不定式标志词to可知空格处需填动词原形。本句的两个分句在结构上并列，语义上相对应，意思是“有人想要稳定的工作，还有一些人则愿意为了赚取财富而 -|_|-。”“稳定的工作”的对立面是“有风险但利润高的工作”。take risks
36、意为“冒风险”，符合题意，故答案选M。Aimmediate Bafraid Cdivision Dpreserve Epeace Fshown GHowever Hdestroyed Ioutlined Jspoiled KWhereas Linstantly Mreserves Nultimately Obranch Demands for stronger protection for wildlife in Britain sometimes hide the fact that similar needs are felt in the rest of Europe. Studies
37、by the Council of Europe, of which 21 countries are members, have 11 that 45 percent of reptile species and 24 percent of butterflies are in danger of dying out. European concern for wildlife was 12 by Dr. Peter Baum, an expert in the environment and natural resources 13 of the council, when he spok
38、e at a conference arranged by the administrators of a British national park. The park is one of the few areas in Europe to hold the councils diploma for nature 14 of the highest quality, and Dr. Peter Baum had come to present it to the park once again. He was 15 that public opinion was turning again
39、st national parks, and that those set up in the 1960s and 1970s could not be set up today. But Dr. Baum clearly remained a strong supporter of the view that natural environments needed to be allowed to survive in 16 in their own right. No area could be expected to survive both as a true nature reser
40、ve and as a tourist attraction, he went on. The short-sighted view that reserves had to serve 17 human demands for outdoor recreation should be replaced by full acceptance of their importance as places to preserve nature for the future. We forget that they are the guarantee of life systems, on which
41、 any built-up area 18 depends, Dr. Baum went on. We could manage without most industrial products, but we could not manage without nature. 19 , our natural environment areas, which are the original parts of our countryside, have shrunk to become mere islands in a(n) 20 and highly polluted land mass,
42、（分数：25.00）解析：F 考点 考查动词。 此处意为“欧洲理事会有21个成员国，它们的一些研究 -|_|-：45%的爬行动物物种和24%的蝴蝶物种都处于濒临灭绝的危险中”，因此空格处应填一个具有“显示，表明”含义的动词，而空格前的have表示后面的动词要用完成时态，故选F项shown。解析：I 考点 考查动词。 空格处所缺单词应该说明了“欧洲对于野生动植物的关注”与彼得鲍姆博士的关系。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填动词的过去分词，表示被动。综观选项，H项destroyed意为“破坏”，I项outlined意为“概述；画出轮廓”，J项spoiled意为“宠坏；破坏”；最符合文意的只有I项out
43、lined，即“彼得鲍姆博士概述了欧洲对野生动物的关注”，故选I。解析：C 考点 考查名词。 空格所在句意为“彼得鲍姆博士是理事会环境与自然资源 -|_|-的一个专家”，由此可推测空格处所填词为“部门”的意思，C项division意为“部门”，符合句意；O项branch意为“分支，分流”，不符合句意，故排除。解析：M 考点 考查名词。 根据上下文，此处应是指“优质的自然保护区”的意思。reserves作名词时意为“保护区”；而D项preserve作名词时意为“禁猎地”，结合句意可知reserves更符合，故选M。解析：B 考点 考查形容词。 根据上下文可知此处应意为“彼得鲍姆博士 -|_|-民
44、众对国家公园持反对意见，以致20世纪六七十年代设立的那些自然公园将不能存在。”由此推测，这里应是“害怕，担忧”的意思，故空格处应填B项afraid，意为“害怕的，担心的”。解析：E 考点 考查名词。 该句意为“鲍姆博士强烈支持这个观点：自然环境应该被允许存在于 -|_|-之中，并以其自有的权利存在。”survive后面的内容作状语，表示“生存的状态和方式”，只有E项peace能使文意通顺，in peace意为“平静地”，故此处意为“平静地以其自有的权利存在”。答案选E。解析：A 考点 考查形容词。 此处意为“目光短浅的观点认为，自然保护区应该为人类户外休闲的 -|_|-需要服务”，因此空格处缺
45、少一个修饰human demands的定语，选项中只有A项immediate“最接近的，直接的”最符合题意，故选A。解析：N 考点 考查副词。 本句意为“彼得鲍姆博士继续说道：我们忘记了，它们是生命系统的保障，任何建筑区域 -|_|-都取决于它”。分析句子结构可知，此处应填一个副词修饰depends；备选项中N项ultimately意为“最终地”，符合题意，故选N。解析：G 考点 考查副词。 上一句的句意为“我们可以不需要大多数的工业产品，但是我们离不开自然环境。”逗号后句子的意思是“我们的自然环境那些原本是乡村的区域已经缩小为一个个岛屿似的小块。”由此可知，此处应填一个表示转折的副词，选项中
46、G项however意为“然而”，K项whereas也意为“然而”，但它是一个连词，不能用逗号与后文隔开，故G项正确。解析：J 考点 考查形容词。 此处意为“在一个 -|_|-和严重污染的大陆块上”，空格处应填形容词、动词的过去分词或名词作定语。J项spoiled意为“被掠夺的”，指人类对于自然环境进行掠夺性的破坏，符合句意；H项destroyed意为“被毁坏的”，通常指不可修复的“摧毁”，用这个词来修饰“整个欧洲大陆”并不合适，故排除H项，正确答案是J。Adisturbing Bescape Cpunishment Dcontemplate Eunfound Fstaff Greap Hstu
47、ff Iundetected Jin coincidence (K) escort Lhesitate Mby accident Nglowing Oprocedures More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can 21 big rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without 22 . Its easy for computer crimes to go 23 if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, t
