1、专业英语四级-256及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Aavailable Bmeans Cthat Dintersections Ecomprise Finterrelationships Gexchanged Hfreely Iinvolved Jreplaced Kvalid Lpayment Mthose Nrandomly Oconsist Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the 1 by which products and
2、services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as 2 of a myriad of services, including labor, professional, transportation, and public-utility
3、services. The 3 of all these prices make up the system of prices. If one were to ask a group of 4 selected individuals to define price, many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words 5 price is the money values of a produc
4、t or service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, 6 as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money 7 must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money
5、 amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be 8 , the time and place at which the exchange will take place and 9 will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms,
6、retum privileges, and other factors. In another word, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that 10 the total package being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.（分数：25.00）Aincreasingly Bdisorders Cshelter Ddramatically Edi
7、scovers Fpredicts Ghomeless HFurthermore Idwelling Jcomprehensive KIndeed Laddicted Mcoordination Nindulged Owandering The homeless make up a growing percentage of Americas population. 11 , homelessness has reached such proportions that local government cant possibly cope. To help homeless people to
8、ward independence, the federal governments must support job training programs, raise the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing. Not everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are 12 . Estimates range anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. Although the figure may vary, analysts do agree on an
9、other matter: that the number of the homeless is increasing. One of the federal governments studies 13 that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. Finding ways to assist this growing homeless population has become 14 difficult. Even when homeless individua
10、ls manage to find a 15 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 16 the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are 17 to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental 18 . Man
11、y others, while not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday survival skills needed to turn their lives around. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are 19 programs that address the many needs of the homeless. As Edward Zlotkowski, directo
12、r of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, puts it, There has to be 20 of programs. What we need is a package deal.（分数：25.00）Abalanced Bdeveloped Caffect Dcontain Econsistently Fcreatures Gshifted Hagricultural Ichemicals Joccur Kattractive Lsignificance Mdirect Ncomparatively (O) i
13、ndustrial Water pollution affects mans health, recreational use of water, industrial use of water and sense of beauty. The spread of water-carried disease is of great concern. In highly 21 countries in particular, emphasis has 22 from concern over bacterial disease to concern over water-carried vira
14、l disease. Viral hepatitis, for example, has been found to 23 more frequently in cities whose water supplies have 24 high levels of water impurity. Poisonous chemicals found in streams that are ultimately used for water supplies also create an important public health problem. It is clear that poison
15、ous 25 must be excluded from water, but more and more chemicals from new pesticides, fertilizers, and other new products have been found in water. Since the public health 26 of these chemicals is not yet fully known, they are of increasing concern. The chemicals from fertilizers are also finding the
16、ir way into water supplies from groundwater pollution. As mans desire for water-based recreation increases, greater demands are placed on the quality of water. The water must not only be 27 in appearance but also meet certain other conditions. Sports such as swimming involve 28 contact with water, a
17、nd so water standards are raised higher. The range of water quality necessary for 29 processes varies greatly with the intended use of water. The water used in steel mills, for example, must have a lower chloride (氧化物) level than that accepted for drinking water. Cooling water can often be of compar
18、atively low sanitary quality. A large part of the water used in the paper-making industry can be of relatively low quality in some aspects, but must 30 little iron and carbon dioxide.（分数：25.00）Amisunderstood Bsatisfy Cdesign Dopinion Eadvance Fbrain Gendowed Hperfection Ipresumed Jillusion Kreason L
19、mistaken Mperfect Nmemory Oapply Good sense is the most equitably distributed thing in the world, for each man considers himself so well provided with it that even those who are most difficult to 31 in everything else do not usually wish to have more of it than they have already. It is not likely th
20、at everyone is 32 in this. It shows, rather, that the ability to judge rightly and separate the true from the false, which is essentially what is called good sense or 33 , is by nature equal in all men; and thus that our opinions differ not because some men are better 34 with reason than others, but
21、 only because we direct our thoughts along different paths, and do not consider the same things. For it is not enough to have a good mind; what is most important is to 35 it rightly. The greatest souls are capable of the greatest vices; and those who walk very slowly can 36 much further, if they alw
22、ays keep to the direct road, than those who run and go astray. For my part, I have never 37 my mind to be more perfect than average in any way; I have, in fact, often wished that my thoughts were as quick, or my imagination as precise and distinct, or my 38 as capacious or prompt, as those of some o
23、ther men. And I know of no other qualities than these which make for the 39 of the mind; for as to reason, or good sense, in as much as it alone makes us men and distinguishes us from the beasts, I am quite willing to believe that it is whole and entire in each of us, and to follow in the common 40
24、of the philosophers who say that there are differences of more or less only among the accidents, and not among the forms, or natures, of the individuals of a single species.（分数：25.00）专业英语四级-256答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Aavailable Bmeans Cthat Dintersections Ecomprise Finterre
25、lationships Gexchanged Hfreely Iinvolved Jreplaced Kvalid Lpayment Mthose Nrandomly Oconsist Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the 1 by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a complex netw
26、ork composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as 2 of a myriad of services, including labor, professional, transportation, and public-utility services. The 3 of all these prices make up the system of prices. If one were to ask a group of 4 selected individuals
27、 to define price, many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words 5 price is the money values of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, 6 as far as it goes. For a complet
28、e understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money 7 must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be 8 , the time and place at which the exchange
29、will take place and 9 will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that apply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, retum privileges, and other factors. In another word, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors t
30、hat 10 the total package being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.（分数：25.00）解析：B 考点 考查名词。 本句意为“价格还是将产品或者服务定量分配给购买者所依照的 -|_|-。”据此可知，空格中应填入表示“方式”之意的单词，故选B。选项中只有means可与介词by搭配使用，意为“用的方式”。解析：M 考点 考查指示代词 本句意为“美国的价格体系是一个复杂的网络系统，不仅包含经济中一切购买和出售的产品的价格，还包括
31、那些五花八门的服务价格”。as well as在句中连接两个并列的成分，空格处需要填一个能代替the prices的代词，故选M项those。解析：F 考点 考查名词。 本句意为“所有这些价格的 -|_|-构成了价格系统”，结合选项可知，本题选F。interrelationships意为“相互关联，相互影响”，在此表示价格的内在联系；而D项intersections意为“十字路口；交集”，不符合句意。解析：N 考点 考查副词。 由题目可知，空格处的单词修饰形容词selected，因此判断空格所填词是副词。空格所在句意为“如果让一组 -|_|-挑选的人来定义价格”，由此可知H项freely“自由
32、地”和N项randomly“任意地”较为符合。select randomly为固定表达，意为“随机挑选”，常用于选择调查研究对象时，故选N。解析：C 考点 考查关系副词 根据前文many would reply that price is an amount of money.可知，in other words后的部分是对前文的同义解释，故空格处应填that，所以选C。解析：K 考点 考查形容词。 空格后一句提到For a complete understanding.much more.must be known，由该线索可知，作者对前一定义是基本肯定的，只是指出它并不能作为对价格的完整理解
33、。因此本句应理解为：就现状来说，这个定义是有效的。文中强调更多的应是其“正确性”，并非其对于某处的“可用性”，故排除A项available“可利用的”，因此选K项valid，意为“有效的”。解析：I 考点 考查形容词。 本句意为“要想完全理解任何一桩交易中的价格，所要了解的东西绝不仅仅是 -|_|-金额数目”，involved意为“涉及的”，在交易中，应该是“涉及”某一数目的金钱，故选I项involved。解析：G 考点 考查动词。 该句意为“买卖双方不仅要熟悉涉及的金额，而且还要熟悉即将被 -|_|-的商品或服务的数量和质量，交换发生的时间和地点”。句子的后半部分已出现了线索：the tim
34、e and place at which the exchange will take place，根据衍生词复现，该空应选G项exchanged，意为“交换”，而J项replaced意为“替代”，可排除。解析：L 考点 考查名词。 and连接两个并列的短语，and前面的句子the time and place at which the exchange will take place意思是“何时何地进行交换”，根据常识可推测and后面的句子则可能会表达与“付款”相关的信息。能与be made搭配，用来指“付款，支付”意义的，只有L项payment“支付”。解析：E 考点 考查动词。 根据上下
35、文，此处要填入一个表示“组成，构成”之意的单词。E项comprise和O项consist均有此意，但从用法上来说，consist是不及物动词，一般与介词of构成固定搭配consist of.；comprise更符合题意，意为“包含，由组成”，是及物动词，故选E。Aincreasingly Bdisorders Cshelter Ddramatically Ediscovers Fpredicts Ghomeless HFurthermore Idwelling Jcomprehensive KIndeed Laddicted Mcoordination Nindulged Owandering
36、 The homeless make up a growing percentage of Americas population. 11 , homelessness has reached such proportions that local government cant possibly cope. To help homeless people toward independence, the federal governments must support job training programs, raise the minimum wage, and fund more l
37、ow-cost housing. Not everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are 12 . Estimates range anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. Although the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is increasing. One of the federal governments studies 13 that the number
38、 of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. Finding ways to assist this growing homeless population has become 14 difficult. Even when homeless individuals manage to find a 15 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend
39、the bulk of each day 16 the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are 17 to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental 18 . Many others, while not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday survival skills needed to turn their lives arou
40、nd. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are 19 programs that address the many needs of the homeless. As Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, puts it, There has to be 20 of programs. What we need is a
41、 package deal.（分数：25.00）解析：K 考点 考查副词。 空格位于句首且后面有逗号，由此可以判断应填入逻辑衔接词。文章首先提到美国的无家可归者在总人口中所占的比例越来越大，接着指出无家可归问题已经达到如此严重的地步，以至于连地方政府都无法解决。由此我们可以确定后一句是对前一句的强调转述，indeed意为“其实，实际上”，表示强调，furthermore意为“进一步说”，表示递进，故选K项Indeed。解析：G 考点 考查形容词。 该句意为“不是每个人都认同 -|_|-的美国人的数量”，根据下文that the number of the homeless is increas
42、ing可知，这里指的是无家可归的人，故空格处应选G项homeless，意为“无家可归的”。解析：F 考点 考查动词。 后半句的意思是“无家可归者的数量在本年代末将会达到约1900万”，由时间状语by the end of this decade可知，此处表达的是对未来状况的“预测”，故选F项，predicts意为“预测，预计”，而E项discovers意为“发现”，不符合句意，故排除。解析：A 考点 考查动副词。 本句意为“寻找方法以帮助不断增长的流浪者已经变得 -|_|-困难。”空格后面是形容词difficult，因此判断空格处应填入副词。所给选项中A项increasingly“渐增地”和D
43、项dramatically“急剧地”为副词，这里提到流浪者越来越多(growing homeless population)，所以帮助他们也越来越难，increasingly修饰difficult即等同于more and more difficult，故选A。解析：C 考点 考查名词。 that引导的定语从句“ -|_|-能给他们提供一日三餐和晚上的住宿”对先行词，也就是空格处所填的词进行修饰说明，由此可知此处应填一个表示“住所”的名词。选项中shelter意为“庇护所，避难所(尤指无家可归者的临时收容所)”，dwelling意为“住宅，寓所(一般是较为固定的住处)”，根据句意可知C项shel
44、ter更符合。解析：O 考点 考查动词。 根据上下文推测，此处要表示的意思是“虽然这些流浪者可能找到了一个住处，但他们中的很多人大部分时间仍在街上游荡”。由street可知，空格处应填一个及物动词，且根据常用搭配spend.doing可知此处应填动词的现在分词形式。综上所述，选项中只有O项wandering符合，意为“游荡，流浪”。解析：L 考点 考查动词。 本句意为“(导致这个问题的)部分原因就是很多无家可归的成年人 -|_|-酒精和毒品”，由常识可知，空格处的单词应为“沉溺”之意，L项addicted和N项indulged均符合，但根据空格后面的介词to可知L项为正确答案，be addic
45、ted to为固定搭配，意为“沉溺于”，而indulged通常跟介词in搭配，故排除。解析：B 考点 考查名词。 该句意为“他们其中很大一部分人有严重的精神 -|_|-”，由上文可知：很多无家可归的成年人沉溺于酒精和毒品，因此可推测他们可能心理或精神上有问题，即空格处的单词应为表示类似“疾病”含义的名词。选项中只有B项disorders符合句意，意为“(身体或精神健康的)紊乱，失调”。解析：J 考点 考查形容词。 由于要解决流浪者的许多需求(many needs of the homeless)，所以这些计划应该是综合的、全面的，符合句意的只有J项，comprehensive意为“综合的，全面
46、的”，故选J。解析：M 考点 考查名词。 由上文中的comprehensive programs that address the many needs of the homeless(的综合性计划)和后文的a package deal(一揽子计划)可知，需要对多种项目进行协调，故本题选M项，coordination意为“协调”。Abalanced Bdeveloped Caffect Dcontain Econsistently Fcreatures Gshifted Hagricultural Ichemicals Joccur Kattractive Lsignificance Mdir
47、ect Ncomparatively (O) industrial Water pollution affects mans health, recreational use of water, industrial use of water and sense of beauty. The spread of water-carried disease is of great concern. In highly 21 countries in particular, emphasis has 22 from concern over bacterial disease to concern
48、 over water-carried viral disease. Viral hepatitis, for example, has been found to 23 more frequently in cities whose water supplies have 24 high levels of water impurity. Poisonous chemicals found in streams that are ultimately used for water supplies also create an important public health problem. It is clear that poisonous 25 must be excluded from water, but more and
