1、专业英语四级-214及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)A. maintain B. scenic C. transcend D. source E. estimated F. sake G. complex H. simply I. consolidation J. situated K. respectively L. total M. major N. restrained O. scale Englands highest main-line railway station hangs on to life by a t
2、hread: deserted and unmanned since it was officially closed in 1970. Dent, 1 high in the hills of Yorkshire, wakes up on six summer weekends each year, when a special charter train unloads walkers, sightseers and people who 2 want to catch a train from the highest station, on to its platform. But ev
3、en this limited existence may soon be brought to an end. Dent station is situated on the Settle to Carlisle railway line, said to be the most 3 in the country. But no amount of scenic beauty can save the line from British Rails cash problems. This year, for the 4 of economy, the express trains which
4、 used to pass through Dent station have been put on to another route. It is now an open secret that British Rail sees no future for this railway line. Most of its trains disappeared some time ago. Its bridge, built on a grand 5 a century ago, is falling down. It is not alone. Half-a-dozen railway ro
5、utes in the north of England are facing a similar threat. The problem is a worn-out system and an almost 6 lack of cash to repair it. Bridges and tunnels are showing their age, the wooden supports for the tracks are rotting and engines and coaches are getting old. On 7 lines between large cities, th
6、e problem is not too bad. These lines still make a profit and cash can be found to 8 them. But on the country branch line, the story is different. As track wears out, it is not replaced. Instead speed limits are introduced, making journeys longer than necessary and discouraging customers. If a bridg
7、e is dangerous, there is often only one thing for British Rail to do: go out and find money from another 9 . This is exactly what it did a few months ago when a bridge at Bridlington station was threatening to fail down. Repairs were 10 at 200,000just for one bridgeand British Rail was delighted, an
8、d rather surprised, when two local councils offered half that amount between them.（分数：25.00）A. intimate B. attractive C. person D. attachment E. satisfied F. receipt G. contaminate H. replace I. special J. stick K. vigorously L. advice M. circumstances N. directly O. petitions Complaints should be m
9、ade to a responsible person. Go back to the shop where you bought the goods, taking with you any 11 you may have. Ask to see the buyer in a large store. In a small store the assistant may also be the owner so you can complain 12 . In a chain store ask to see the manager. Even the bravest person find
10、s it difficult to complain face to face, so if you do not want to do it in 13 , write a letter. Be sure to 14 to the facts and keep a copy of what you write. At this stage you should give any receipt numbers, but you should not need to give receipts or other papers to prove you bought the article. I
11、f you are not 15 with the answer you get, or if you do not get a reply, write to the managing director of the firm, shop, or organization. Be sure to keep copies of your own letters and any you receive. If your complaint is a just one, the shopkeeper may offer to 16 or repair the faulty article. You
12、 may find this an 17 solution. In certain cases you may have the right to refuse the goods and ask for your money back, but this is only where you have hardly used the goods and have acted at once. Even when you cannot refuse the goods you may be able to get some money back as well. And if you have
13、suffered some 18 loss, if for example a new washing machine tears your clothes, you might receive money to replace them. If the shopkeeper offers you a credit note to be used to buy goods in the same shops but you would rather have money, say so. If you accept a credit note remember that later you w
14、ill not be able to ask for your money. If the shopkeeper refuses to give you money, ask for 19 from your Citizens Advice Bureau before you accept a credit note. In some cases the shopkeeper does not have to give you your money backif, for example, he changes an article simply because you dont like i
15、t or it does not fit. He does not hive to take back the goods in these 20 .（分数：25.00）A. savage B. superiority C. conceive D. transfer E. identification F. grammatical G. reflect H. reveals I. Numerous J. independently K. exclusive L. casts M. sense N. confidentially O. possess Culture is the sum tot
16、al of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this 21 , every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist (人类学家), there is no intrinsic 22 of one culture over another, just
17、as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy (等级制度) among languages. People once thought of the languages of backward groups as 23 and undeveloped forms of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts an
18、d groans, it is a fact established by the study of backward languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the 24 of ideas. They fall behind our
19、 Western languages not in their sound patterns or 25 structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which 26 the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem t
20、o 27 the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in backward languages, while different from ours, are often
21、surprisingly 28 and complicated. This study of language, in turn, 29 a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed 30 , and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.（分数：25.00）A. forecast B. flexible C. neutrally D. preference E. detach F. bound G. implement H. conseq
22、uence I. qualified J. dismissing K. result L. occupying M. urgently N. skeptical O. response In the second half of the twentieth century, many countries of the South began to send students to the industrialized countries for further education. They 31 needed supplies of highly trained personnel to 3
23、2 a concept of development based on modernization. But many of these students decided to stay on in the developed countries when they had finished their training. In the 1960s, some Latin American countries tried to solve this problem by setting up special return programs to encourage their professi
24、onals to come back home. These programs received support from international bodies such as the International Organization for Migration, which in 1974 enabled over 1, 600 33 scientists and technicians to return to Latin America. In the 1980s and 1990s, temporary return programs were set up in order
25、to make the best use of trained personnel 34 strategic positions in the developed countries. This gave rise to the United Nations Development Programs Transfer of Knowledge through Expatriate Nationals, which encourages technicians and scientists to work in their own countries for short periods. But
26、 the brain drain from these countries may well increase in 35 to the new laws of the international market in knowledge. Recent studies 36 that the most developed countries are going to need more and more highly qualified professionals around twice as many as their educational systems will be able to
27、 produce, or so it is thought. As a 37 there is an urgent need for developing countries which send students abroad to give 38 to fields where they need competent people to give muscle to their own institutions, instead of encouraging the training of people who may not come back because there are no
28、professional outlets for them. And the countries of the South must not be content with institutional structures that simply take back professionals sent abroad; they must introduce 39 administrative procedures to encourage them to return. If they do not do this, the brain drain is 40 to continue.（分数
29、：25.00）专业英语四级-214答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)A. maintain B. scenic C. transcend D. source E. estimated F. sake G. complex H. simply I. consolidation J. situated K. respectively L. total M. major N. restrained O. scale Englands highest main-line railway station hangs on to life
30、by a thread: deserted and unmanned since it was officially closed in 1970. Dent, 1 high in the hills of Yorkshire, wakes up on six summer weekends each year, when a special charter train unloads walkers, sightseers and people who 2 want to catch a train from the highest station, on to its platform.
31、But even this limited existence may soon be brought to an end. Dent station is situated on the Settle to Carlisle railway line, said to be the most 3 in the country. But no amount of scenic beauty can save the line from British Rails cash problems. This year, for the 4 of economy, the express trains
32、 which used to pass through Dent station have been put on to another route. It is now an open secret that British Rail sees no future for this railway line. Most of its trains disappeared some time ago. Its bridge, built on a grand 5 a century ago, is falling down. It is not alone. Half-a-dozen rail
33、way routes in the north of England are facing a similar threat. The problem is a worn-out system and an almost 6 lack of cash to repair it. Bridges and tunnels are showing their age, the wooden supports for the tracks are rotting and engines and coaches are getting old. On 7 lines between large citi
34、es, the problem is not too bad. These lines still make a profit and cash can be found to 8 them. But on the country branch line, the story is different. As track wears out, it is not replaced. Instead speed limits are introduced, making journeys longer than necessary and discouraging customers. If a
35、 bridge is dangerous, there is often only one thing for British Rail to do: go out and find money from another 9 . This is exactly what it did a few months ago when a bridge at Bridlington station was threatening to fail down. Repairs were 10 at 200,000just for one bridgeand British Rail was delight
36、ed, and rather surprised, when two local councils offered half that amount between them.（分数：25.00）解析：J。解析 空格前后是一个完整的句子，因此，可以判断此处缺少一个分词与后面的high in the hills of Yorkshire一起构成分词短语做后置定语，修饰句子的主语Dent，描述Dent所在的地理位置。备选项中的过去分词有：estimated“估计”；situated“坐落于”；restrained“克制，约束”。结合语境可知，只有situated符合文意，故答案为J。解析：H。解析
37、 空格所处的句子是一个由关系代词who引导的定语从句，空格后的want是谓语动词，故此处应填入副词，修饰谓语动词want。备选副词有：simply“仅仅”，respectively“分别地，各自”。由后句中提到的limited existence“受限的存在方式”可知，该条铁路线路的功用很少，由此推断出此处是要表达“人们仅仅想去最高的火车站乘坐火车”，只有simply符合句意，故答案为H。解析：B。解析 由to be the most可知，此处应填入形容词。备选的形容词有：scenic“风景优美的”；complex“复杂的”；total“整体的”；major“主要的”。由后文中出现的sceni
38、c beauty“优美的风景”，可知空格处单词应表示“风景最优美的”，故答案为B。解析：F。解析 由空格处所在短语for the -|_|- of economy可知，此处应填入名词。备选的名词有source“渠道”；sake“缘故”；consolidation“巩固”；scale“规模”。只有sake是正确的，for the sake of是固定短语，意为“为了，出于的缘故”。故答案为F。解析：O。解析 空格所处的是一个过去分词短语结构，在句子中做主语bridge的后置定语。由介词on+a+形容词grand可知，此处应填入名词单数。备选名词为：source“资源”；consolidation
39、“巩固，团结”；scale“规模，比例”。on a grand/large scale是一个常用表达，意为“大规模地”，符合此处句意。故答案为O。解析：L。解析 本空缺少一个形容词来修饰后面的名词lack，与前面的形容词worn out为并列关系，共同修饰后面的名词system。备选项为：complex“复杂的”；total“完全的”；major“主要的”。由并列成分worn-out system“破旧不堪的体系”可知，空格处应表示“几乎完全缺乏现金”的意思，total符合句意。故答案为L。解析：M。解析 空格所处的是一个介词短语结构，此处应填入形容词做定语，修饰后面的名词lines。所剩备选
40、形容词为complex和major，这里的意思是“在主干线上”，所以major符合句意，答案为M。解析：A。解析 由动词不定式found to可知，空格单词应填入动词原形，做句子的目的状语。备选动词为：maintain“维护”；transcend“超越”，将这两个选项代入句中，符合句意的只有maintain，表示“有现金去维护这些干线”的意思。故答案为A。解析：D。解析 由介词结构from another可知，此处应填入单数名词，做介词from的宾语。备选名词为source和consolidation，分别代入句子，符合句意的是source，表示“从另外的渠道”。故答案为D。解析：E。解析 本
41、句空格前为句子主语和系动词were，空格后是介词短语at 200,000，由此判断此处应填入一个动词的分词形式。备选动词为estimated“估计”和restrained“约束”，此处表示“修理费估计需要20万英镑”的意思，故答案为E。A. intimate B. attractive C. person D. attachment E. satisfied F. receipt G. contaminate H. replace I. special J. stick K. vigorously L. advice M. circumstances N. directly O. petiti
42、ons Complaints should be made to a responsible person. Go back to the shop where you bought the goods, taking with you any 11 you may have. Ask to see the buyer in a large store. In a small store the assistant may also be the owner so you can complain 12 . In a chain store ask to see the manager. Ev
43、en the bravest person finds it difficult to complain face to face, so if you do not want to do it in 13 , write a letter. Be sure to 14 to the facts and keep a copy of what you write. At this stage you should give any receipt numbers, but you should not need to give receipts or other papers to prove
44、 you bought the article. If you are not 15 with the answer you get, or if you do not get a reply, write to the managing director of the firm, shop, or organization. Be sure to keep copies of your own letters and any you receive. If your complaint is a just one, the shopkeeper may offer to 16 or repa
45、ir the faulty article. You may find this an 17 solution. In certain cases you may have the right to refuse the goods and ask for your money back, but this is only where you have hardly used the goods and have acted at once. Even when you cannot refuse the goods you may be able to get some money back
46、 as well. And if you have suffered some 18 loss, if for example a new washing machine tears your clothes, you might receive money to replace them. If the shopkeeper offers you a credit note to be used to buy goods in the same shops but you would rather have money, say so. If you accept a credit note
47、 remember that later you will not be able to ask for your money. If the shopkeeper refuses to give you money, ask for 19 from your Citizens Advice Bureau before you accept a credit note. In some cases the shopkeeper does not have to give you your money backif, for example, he changes an article simp
48、ly because you dont like it or it does not fit. He does not hive to take back the goods in these 20 .（分数：25.00）解析：F。解析 any后应接一个名词，所以此处应填入名词，做taking的宾语。备选项为：person“人”；attachment“附件；附属物”；receipt“收据”；advice“建议”；circumstances“情况”；petitions“请愿书；上诉状”。句中提及买东西投诉，根据常识，投诉时应带上收据。故答案为F。解析：N。解析 由动词complain可知，此处应
49、填入副词，修饰前面的不及物动词complain。备选副词为：vigorously“精力旺盛地”；directly“直接地”。很明显，directly符合文意，表示“直接投诉”的意思。故答案为N。解析：C。解析 空格处应填入名词，做前面介词in的宾语，构成介宾结构做状语，修饰动词do。备选名词中符合句意，且与in搭配有意义的只有person，in person是固定搭配，意为“亲自，当面”。故答案为C。解析：J。解析 由be sure to结构可知，此处应填入动词原形，和后面的介词to构成动词短语。备选动词中只有stick to是常用固定搭配，意为“坚持；遵守”；contaminate“弄脏；污染”和replace“代替，替换”，均不符合句意。故答案为J。解析：E。解析 本句空格前为句子主语和动词be，空格后是with介词结构。由此可知，空格处应填入形容词，与前面的系动词are以及后面的介词with构成形
