1、专业英语四级-212及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART CLOZE(总题数：1，分数：30.00)A. compare B. responsible C. useful D. added E. find F. reference G. indirect H. method I. successful J. combined K. necessarily L. capacity M. ability N. basically O. adopt As is known to all, the organization and management of wages
2、and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is 1 for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay. If a firm wants to 2 a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a 3
3、of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be 4 , that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of those requirements is
4、given a value, usually in points, which are 5 together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their 6 to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring managem
5、ent work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without 7 to an evaluation system based on points. In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should 8 the value of each job with these in the job market. 9 , payment for a job should vary with any differences in the wa
6、y that the job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the works done with hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen, for 10 workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.（分数：30.00）二、PART LANGUAGE USAG(总题数：20，分数：70.00)1.He
7、left orders that nothing _ touched until the police arrived here.（分数：3.50）A.should beB.ought to beC.must beD.would be2.Mr. White works with a chemicals import & export company, but he _ for this industrial fair, since he is on leave.（分数：3.50）A.has workedB.woksC.has been workingD.is working3.I have n
8、ever been to London, but that is the city _.（分数：3.50）A.where I like to visit mostB.Id most like to visitC.which I like to visit mostlyD.where Id like most to visit4.I was to have made a speech if _.（分数：3.50）A.I was not called awayB.nobody would have called me awayC.I had not been called awayD.nobody
9、 called me away5._ I was very much mistaken, there was something wrong with Louise.（分数：3.50）A.UnlessB.AsC.ThoughD.Since6.He prefers _.（分数：3.50）A.to write his letters rather than dictating themB.to write his letters rather than dictate themC.writing his letters rather than dictate themD.writing his l
10、etters rather than have dictated them7.We could _ him with a detached house when he came, but he had specifically asked for a small flat.（分数：3.50）A.provideB.have providedC.not provideD.not have provided8._, he can now only watch it on TV at home.（分数：3.50）A.Obtaining not a ticket for the matchB.Not o
11、btaining a ticket for the matchC.Not having obtained a ticket for the matchD.Not obtained a ticket for the match9.The Clarks havent decided yet which hotel _.（分数：3.50）A.to stayB.is to stayC.to stay atD.is for staying10.You _ Mark anything. It was none of his business.（分数：3.50）A.neednt have toldB.nee
12、dnt tellC.mustnt have toldD.mustnt tell11.Twelve is to three _ four is to one.（分数：3.50）A.whatB.asC.thatD.like12.Your plan, _, seems impractical.（分数：3.50）A.like herB.like hersC.similar to herD.similar to herself13.It is clear that the dog has a much greater _ of its brain devoted to smell than is the
13、 case with humans.（分数：3.50）A.compositionB.proportionC.compoundD.percent14.Numerous studies already link the first meal of the day to better classroom _.（分数：3.50）A.functionB.behaviorC.performanceD.display15.Research shows that there is no _ relationship between how much a person earns and whether he
14、feels good about life.（分数：3.50）A.successiveB.sincereC.significantD.subsequent16.Many women still feel that they are being _ by a male culture, particularly in the professional services sector.（分数：3.50）A.held outB.held onC.held forthD.held back17.With the increasing unemployment rate, workers who are
15、 50 to 60 years old are usually the first to be _.（分数：3.50）A.laid asideB.laid upC.laid outD.laid off18.The findings paint a unique picture of the shopping habits of customers, plus their motivation and _.（分数：3.50）A.possessionsB.possibilitiesC.privilegesD.preferences19.Although they lost their jobs,
16、saving and unemployment benefits allow the couple to _ their comfortable home.（分数：3.50）A.look forward toB.catch up withC.hold on toD.come in for20.The London Marathon is a difficult race. _, thousands of runners participate every year.（分数：3.50）A.ThereforeB.FurthermoreC.AccordinglyD.Nevertheless专业英语四
17、级-212答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART CLOZE(总题数：1，分数：30.00)A. compare B. responsible C. useful D. added E. find F. reference G. indirect H. method I. successful J. combined K. necessarily L. capacity M. ability N. basically O. adopt As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and sa
18、laries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is 1 for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay. If a firm wants to 2 a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a 3 of job
19、 evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be 4 , that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of those requirements is given
20、a value, usually in points, which are 5 together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their 6 to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management wo
21、rk, however, job grades for managers are often decided without 7 to an evaluation system based on points. In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should 8 the value of each job with these in the job market. 9 , payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that
22、 the job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the works done with hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen, for 10 workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.（分数：30.00）解析：B。解析 由“is+空格单词+for”可知，此处应填形容词。原文意思为：会计部门 -|_|
23、-计算报酬，备选形容词为：responsible“负责任的”；useful“有用的”；indirect“间接的”；successful“成功的”。其中indirect不能与for连用，排除；剩余几项中只有responsible意义符合原句，表示“负责”的意思。故答案为B。解析：O。解析 由wants to不定式可知，空格处为动词原形。本文主题是采用一种新的工资和薪水制度时需要注意的问题，选项中的动词原形有：compare“比较”；find“找到”；adopt“采纳”。将这三项分别代入原文，只有adopt最符合原文意思，故答案为O。解析：H。解析 由“a+空格单词+of”结构可知，此处应填名词。
24、从原文看，and连接并列结构，所以要填的词应与and后面的ways意思一致，选项中的名词只有method与ways意义一致。故答案为H。解析：I。解析 由to be可知，此处应填形容词。上文说新的工资制度需要一套决定工作评估和衡量雇员表现的方法，说的是制度“是否有用”的问题。这句话涉及新的工资制度执行过程中的问题，劳资双方先期达成一致是薪酬制度成功的必要条件。所以successful符合原文意思，故答案为I。解析：D。解析 空格句中which指代的points，在从句中做宾语，空格单词与其是被动关系，此处应填动词。这个动词的宾语是point“分值”，句意：把分值加起来，to give a to
25、tal value意为“得出总分值”。备选项中added指“把相加”，combined意为“把结合在一起”。原文指将分值相加得出总分，added符合文意。故答案为D。解析：M。解析 空格单词与their搭配，故此处应填名词。后文中提及的solve problem意为“解决问题”，根据常识，这是经理们应具备的能力。选项中的capacity与ability都表示“能力”，前者强调的是理解的能力和接受事物的能力，而后者强调实际应用的能力，语境为解决问题的能力，应该用ability。故答案为M。解析：F。解析 由to后面的名词短语an evaluation system可知，这里的to是介词，所以此处
26、应填名词或形容词。句意：因为管理工作很难评估，经理的工作得分不需要 -|_|-基于分值的评估系统。将备选形容词代入，均不符合语境，备选名词为：reference“参照，参考”；capacity“能力”。without reference to为固定搭配，意思是“与无关”，表示“不需要参照基于分值的评估系统”。故答案为F。解析：A。解析 由“情态动词should+空格单词+the value”的结构可知，此处应填动词原形。原句中出现了每种工作的价值(the value of each job)和工作市场上的工作价值(these in the job market)，说明人事部门通过比较两种价值来
27、计算工资制度。选项中只有compare表示“比较”，故答案为A。解析：K。解析 空格单词与后句用逗号隔开，且后句结构完整，故此处应填副词，修饰整句话。句意为：报酬要随工作表现各方面的不同而有所改变，选项中necessarily“必须地”与basically“基本上”为副词。将两项分别代入原文，“报酬的变化是必需的”更符合上下文意思。故答案为K。解析：G。解析 由介词“for+空格单词+名词workers”可知，此处应填形容词。空格前提到一种情况：易于评估的工作(simple to measure the work done)，像手工工作通常用现金奖励办法；而空格后提及measurement i
28、s difficult“难于评估的”，说明这些工作人员的工作不像手工工作那么直接，因而是间接的，故选项中只有indirect符合原句的意思。故答案为G。二、PART LANGUAGE USAG(总题数：20，分数：70.00)1.He left orders that nothing _ touched until the police arrived here.（分数：3.50）A.should beB.ought to beC.must beD.would be解析：解析 本题考查虚拟语气。像order，command，suggestion，requirement等表示要求、命令等含义的词
29、，其后所接的名词性从句的谓语应当用“should+动词原形”的形式，should可以省略。因此选项A为正确答案。2.Mr. White works with a chemicals import & export company, but he _ for this industrial fair, since he is on leave.（分数：3.50）A.has workedB.woksC.has been workingD.is working解析：解析 本题考查时态。since在句中表示原因而不是时间，所以应当用一般现在时而不是现在完成时。另外这个动作正在进行，故应当用现在进行时。
30、因此选项D为正确答案。3.I have never been to London, but that is the city _.（分数：3.50）A.where I like to visit mostB.Id most like to visitC.which I like to visit mostlyD.where Id like most to visit解析：解析 本题考查定语从句。visit是及物动词，因此定语从句的引导词应为关系代词，而不是关系副词where。另外mostly意为“大多数的；主要的”所以可排除选项C，因此选项B为正确答案，此处省略了做宾语的关系代词。4.I wa
31、s to have made a speech if _.（分数：3.50）A.I was not called awayB.nobody would have called me awayC.I had not been called awayD.nobody called me away解析：解析 本题考查虚拟语气。was/were to have done表示过去某个时间即将发生的动作(但是结果并没有发生)，因此是对过去事实的一种虚拟情况，可知从句应当用had done的形式。因此选项C为正确答案。5._ I was very much mistaken, there was somet
32、hing wrong with Louise.（分数：3.50）A.UnlessB.AsC.ThoughD.Since解析：解析 本题考查条件状语从句。这四个词均为连词。unless的意思为“除非”。as和since是因果关系连词。though引导让步状语从句。因此选项A为正确答案。6.He prefers _.（分数：3.50）A.to write his letters rather than dictating themB.to write his letters rather than dictate themC.writing his letters rather than dict
33、ate themD.writing his letters rather than have dictated them解析：解析 本题考查prefer。的惯用结构。prefer的惯用法有prefer to do rather than do；prefer doing to doing；prefer to do sth. 。因此选项B为正确答案。7.We could _ him with a detached house when he came, but he had specifically asked for a small flat.（分数：3.50）A.provideB.have p
34、rovidedC.not provideD.not have provided解析：解析 本题考查情态动词表虚拟。由but后的内容可知，前面实际上是对过去的一种假设。could have done意为“本来能够”，是对过去情况的假设。因此选项B为正确答案。8._, he can now only watch it on TV at home.（分数：3.50）A.Obtaining not a ticket for the matchB.Not obtaining a ticket for the matchC.Not having obtained a ticket for the matc
35、hD.Not obtained a ticket for the match解析：解析 本题考查分词短语做状语。分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语，因此应当是现在分词。又因为obtain the tickets发生在watch it on TV之前，故应用现在分词的完成形式。因此选项C为正确答案。9.The Clarks havent decided yet which hotel _.（分数：3.50）A.to stayB.is to stayC.to stay atD.is for staying解析：解析 本题考查“疑问词+不定式”结构。不定式前可以加疑问词，相当于名词的作用，可做宾语或主语。另
36、外stay是不及物动词，必须加at才能接hotel。因此选项C为正确答案。10.You _ Mark anything. It was none of his business.（分数：3.50）A.neednt have toldB.neednt tellC.mustnt have toldD.mustnt tell解析：解析 本题考查情态动词表虚拟。由后一句可知，前一句的事情是“没必要”做的。neednt have done的意思是“做了本没有必要做的事”，因此选项A为正确答案。11.Twelve is to three _ four is to one.（分数：3.50）A.whatB.
37、asC.thatD.like解析：解析 本题考查what引导名词性从句的固定结构。A is to B what X is to Y是固定结构，表示A和B的关系与X同Y的关系类似。因此选项A为正确答案。12.Your plan, _, seems impractical.（分数：3.50）A.like herB.like hersC.similar to herD.similar to herself解析：解析 介词like后接介词宾语做句子的方式状语，而similar无此用法，故先排除C、D。此处表示your plan和her plan之间的类比，而指her plan应该用名词性物主代词her
38、s，因此选项B为正确答案。13.It is clear that the dog has a much greater _ of its brain devoted to smell than is the case with humans.（分数：3.50）A.compositionB.proportionC.compoundD.percent解析：解析 本题考查近义异形词的辨析。从题干中空格后的限定部分“大脑中味觉部分(of its brain devote to smell)”可推断所填词为proportion。proportion of表示“与整体相比，部分的数量”，题干中指的是与整个
39、大脑相比，嗅觉所占的数量和比例。强干扰项composition与介词of连用时表示“构成部分”，不强调与整体的可比性。Ccompound(化合物，复合物)、Dpercent(百分之)不符合题意。因此选项B为正确答案。14.Numerous studies already link the first meal of the day to better classroom _.（分数：3.50）A.functionB.behaviorC.performanceD.display解析：解析 本题考查近义异形词的辨析。performance(表现)强调人们在做一项工作或进行一项活动时做得好坏与否，通
40、常的搭配有poor/good performance(差劲/好的表现)，与空格前的形容词better形成搭配。因此选项C为正确答案。15.Research shows that there is no _ relationship between how much a person earns and whether he feels good about life.（分数：3.50）A.successiveB.sincereC.significantD.subsequent解析：解析 本题考查异义异形词的辨析。从常识上来看，通常人们认为收入和对生活的满意度成正比，也即是他们之间具有很重要的关
41、系，题干否定了这一常识。选项中只有significant(重要的)能体现语义上的顺承关系。Asuccessive(连接的，连续的)、Bsincere(诚挚的)、Dsubsequent(随后的，后来的)均不符合题意。因此选项C为正确答案。16.Many women still feel that they are being _ by a male culture, particularly in the professional services sector.（分数：3.50）A.held outB.held onC.held forthD.held back解析：解析 本题考查固定短语。从
42、常识我们可知，女人一直为争取男女平等而奋斗，女人在男性为主的社会受很多方面的限制。题干中的关键信息词male culture(男性文化)为施动者，受动者为women，行为动词应该是hold back(压制，抑制)。Aheld out(保持；坚持)、Bheld on(坚持住)、Cheld forth(滔滔不绝地讲)均不符合题意。因此选项D为正确答案。17.With the increasing unemployment rate, workers who are 50 to 60 years old are usually the first to be _.（分数：3.50）A.laid as
43、ideB.laid upC.laid outD.laid off解析：解析 本题考查固定短语。从题干中所给出的语境unemployment(失业)，四个选项中能够与此相符合的短语只有lay off。(解雇)。Alaid aside(把搁置一旁)、Blaid up(使卧床不起)、Claid out(安排，设计)均不符合题意。因此选项D为正确答案。18.The findings paint a unique picture of the shopping habits of customers, plus their motivation and _.（分数：3.50）A.possessionsB
44、.possibilitiesC.privilegesD.preferences解析：解析 本题考查异义异形词的辨析。从题干中的关键信息词shopping、customers可推知四个选项中只有preferences(偏好，趋向)才能与之构成购物心态分析语义场。preference通常的搭配形式有preference for表示“偏爱”。Apossessions(所有物)、Bpossibilities(可能性)、Cprivileges(特权)均不符合题意。因此选项D为正确答案。19.Although they lost their jobs, saving and unemployment be
45、nefits allow the couple to _ their comfortable home.（分数：3.50）A.look forward toB.catch up withC.hold on toD.come in for解析：解析 本题考查固定短语。hold on to their comfortable home(保住舒适的家)和lost their job(失业)从语义上符合转折连词although所表达的语义顺承关系。Alook forward to(期待)、Bcatch up with(赶上)、Dcome in for(受到，遭到)均不符合题意。因此选项C为正确答案。20.The London Marathon is a difficult race. _, thousands of runners participate every year.（分数：3.50）A.ThereforeB.FurthermoreC.AccordinglyD.Nevertheless解析：解析 本题考查异义异形词的辨析。从句意上看，前后分句明显存在转折关系，在选项中只有Nevertheless表示转折关系。ATherefore(因此)表示因果关系；BFurthermore(而且)表示递进关系；CAccordingly(于是)表示承接关系。因此选项D为正确答案。
