1、专业英语四级-99及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)Racing is a competition of speed. There are many kinds of racing 1 almost every means of transportation and physical activity. There are races on foot, 2 vehicles of all kinds and on horses. There are races between animalslarge and small horses, dogs and even frog
2、s. Sometimes prizes are 3 for victory, but often the pleasure is enough 4 . Foot racing was a major sport at the ancient Greek Olympic games. 5 were rewarded and honored by the people. This sport was 6 at the Roman games. Foot racing is a sport in which 7 is often important. In 8 the competitors run
3、 the course as fast as they can but in longer 9 ; they must save enough strength to end the race in a strong finish. As various machines 10 for speed were developed, man raced them. He has raced boats, bicycles, motorcycles, automobiles and airplanes. Most races involve direct 11 by the participants
4、. They start at the same time from a starting 12 . The first to 13 the finish line is the winner. However, 14 starts are dangerous in some races, such as skiing. In these 15 competitors run the course individually. The person or team to complete the course in the 16 time is the winner. Relay race ar
5、e 17 races. Each team member races the same distance. As the first man finishes, the second 18 . This continues 19 each team member completes his part of the race. Victory is awarded to the team 20 to an individual.（分数：30.00）A.includingB.havingC.involvingD.keepingA.inB.onC.withD.betweenA.rewardedB.a
6、wardedC.givenD.handedA.rewardedB.awardC.rewardingD.rewardA.AthletesB.WinnersC.ParticipantsD.PlayersA.also presentB.also popularC.present alsoD.popularA.insuranceB.enduringC.enduranceD.assuranceA.shortB.wordC.sumD.longA.courseB.raceC.instanceD.trackA.gotB.madeC.that didD.that madeA.contactB.competiti
7、onC.contractD.contrastA.pointB.areaC.districtD.lineA.hitB.crossC.acrossD.strikeA.massB.manyC.popularD.populousA.eventsB.racesC.coursesD.placesA.lessB.lestC.leastD.shortA.individualB.personalC.teamD.groupA.startsB.setsC.movesD.runsA.untilB.afterC.whenD.whileA.more thanB.rather thanC.notD.insteadThe n
8、ormal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep 21 with some 16-17 hours wakefulness and that the sleep normally coincides 22 the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and 23 what extent this 24 can be modified. The question is no mere academic one. The ease with w
9、hich people can change from working in the day to working at night is a 25 of growing importance in industry where automation 26 round-the-clock working of machines. It normally 27 from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a 28 routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and
10、working at night. 29 , it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week. This means that no sooner 30 used to one routine 31 he has to change to another, 32 much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very 33 . One answer would seem to be 34 periods on each shift, a mon
11、th, or even three months. 35 , recent research has shown that people on such systems will 36 to go back to their 37 habits of sleep and wakefulness during the week-end and that this is quite enough to destroy any 38 to night work built up during the week. The only real solution appears to be to 39 t
12、he night shift to those permanent night workers whose 40 may persist through all week-ends and holidays.（分数：30.00）A.changeB.intervalC.alterationD.simulationA.inB.withC.ofD.overA.withB.atC.toD.inA.cycleB.periodC.circleD.roundA.problemB.difficultyC.troubleD.matterA.asksB.invitesC.calls forD.reacts toA
13、.takesB.spendsC.demandsD.asksA.formerB.returnedC.reversedD.regularA.ThereforeB.UnfortunatelyC.In a wordD.In comparisonA.has he gotB.he has gotC.has heD.he hasA.asB.whenC.thenD.thanA.thoughB.so thatC.whileD.asA.efficientlyB.goodC.easilyD.happilyA.shorterB.betterC.longerD.nicerA.SoB.In shortC.Similarl
14、yD.HoweverA.revertB.convertC.divertD.avertA.newB.normalC.temporaryD.favouriteA.changeB.returnC.adaptationD.tendencyA.hand overB.hand inC.hand upD.hand outA.wakefulnessB.sleepC.preferenceD.habitDuring McDonalds early years French fries were made from 41 every day. Russet Burbank potatoes were 42 , cu
15、t into shoestrings, and fried in its kitchens. 43 the chain expanded nationwide, in the mid-1960s, it sought to cut labor costs, reduce the number of suppliers, and 44 that its fries tasted the same at every restaurant. McDonalds began 45 to frozen French fries in 1966and few customers noticed the 4
16、6 . 47 , the change had a 48 effect on the nations agriculture and diet. A familiar food had been transformed into a highly processed industrial 49 . McDonalds fries now come from huge manufacturing plants 50 can process two million pounds of potatoes a day. The expansion 51 McDonalds and the popula
17、rity of its low-cost, mass-produced fries changed the way Americans eat. The taste of McDonalds French fries played a crucial role in the chains successfries are much more profitable than hamburgersand was 52 praised by customers, competitors, and even food critics. Their 53 taste does not stem from
18、 the kind of potatoes that McDonalds 54 , the technology that 55 them, or the restaurant equipment that fries them: other 56 use Russet Burbank, buy their French fries from the 57 large processing companies, and have similar 58 in their restaurant kitchens. The taste of a French fry is 59 determined
19、 by the cooking oil. For decades McDonalds cooked its French fries in a mixture of about 7 percent cottonseed oil and 93 percent beef fat. The mixture gave the fries their unique 60 .（分数：20.00）A.scratchB.scriptC.screenD.screwA.scaledB.strippedC.peeledD.slicedA.AsB.Due toC.Owing toD.WithA.ensueB.ensu
20、reC.enrichD.enableA.switchingB.divertingC.modifyingD.alteringA.similiarityB.farmiliarityC.differenceD.neccesityA.StillB.AnywayC.BesidesD.NeverthelessA.goodB.badC.profoundD.slightA.brandB.stuffC.commodityD.produceA.thisB.thatC./D.whatA.intoB.fromC.inD.ofA.longB.onlyC.firstD.lonelyA.distinctiveB.disti
21、nctC.distinguishedD.distinguishableA.possessesB.buysC.acquiresD.growsA.processedB.is processedC.processesD.processingA.customersB.criticsC.chainsD.familiesA.exactB.identicalC.sameD.alikeA.woksB.potsC.boilersD.fryersA.adequatelyB.massivelyC.plentifullyD.largelyA.flavourB.fragranceC.smellD.perfumeA sc
22、ientist who wants to predict the way in which consumers will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must 61 data both on the resources of consumers and on the motive that 62 encourage or discourage money spending. If an economist were asked which of three groups borrow mostpeople with ri
23、sing incomes, 63 incomes, or decreasing incomeshe would probably answer, those with 64 incomes. 65 the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with decreasing incomes were 66 and people with stable incomes borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional 67 about earning and spending are no
24、t always 68 . Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up they will 69 to buy. If they expect prices to go down, they will postpone buying. But research surveys have shown that this is not always 70 . The expectations of price increases may not 71 buying. O
25、ne typical attitude was expressed 72 the wife of a mechanic in an 73 at a time of rising prices. In a few months, she said, well have to pay more for meat and milk; well have less to spend on other things. Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this 74 . Furthermore, the ri
26、se in prices that has already taken place may be disliked and buyers 75 may be produced. This is shown by the following 76 comment: I just dont pay these prices; they are too high. The investigations mentioned above were 77 in America; condition most helpful to spending appears to be price stability
27、. If prices have been stable and people consider that they are 78 , they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of 79 stable prices is based on a correct understanding of consumer 80 .（分数：20.00）A.achieveB.obtainC.processD.interpretA.tend toB.prefer toC.stick toD.object t
28、oA.fixedB.balancedC.stableD.stationaryA.increasingB.decreasingC.reducingD.risingA.ActuallyB.EventuallyC.FranklyD.SurprisinglyA.latterB.nextC.neighboringD.followingA.outlooksB.statementsC.predictionsD.assumptionsA.reliableB.susceptibleC.mistakenD.trustingA.rushB.hesitateC.hastenD.dashA.reliableB.true
29、C.preciseD.realA.stimulateB.guaranteeC.convinceD.stirA.throughB.byC.viaD.acrossA.researchB.questionnaireC.interviewD.experimentA.behaviorB.purchaseC.activityD.consumptionA.impulseB.objectionC.resistanceD.dissatisfactionA.evidentB.typicalC.basicD.considerateA.designedB.producedC.createdD.conductedA.d
30、isposableB.predictableC.reasonableD.sensibleA.maintainingB.sustainingC.retainingD.keepingA.predictionB.ideaC.psychologyD.intelligence专业英语四级-99答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)Racing is a competition of speed. There are many kinds of racing 1 almost every means of transportation and physical activity. There
31、 are races on foot, 2 vehicles of all kinds and on horses. There are races between animalslarge and small horses, dogs and even frogs. Sometimes prizes are 3 for victory, but often the pleasure is enough 4 . Foot racing was a major sport at the ancient Greek Olympic games. 5 were rewarded and honore
32、d by the people. This sport was 6 at the Roman games. Foot racing is a sport in which 7 is often important. In 8 the competitors run the course as fast as they can but in longer 9 ; they must save enough strength to end the race in a strong finish. As various machines 10 for speed were developed, ma
33、n raced them. He has raced boats, bicycles, motorcycles, automobiles and airplanes. Most races involve direct 11 by the participants. They start at the same time from a starting 12 . The first to 13 the finish line is the winner. However, 14 starts are dangerous in some races, such as skiing. In the
34、se 15 competitors run the course individually. The person or team to complete the course in the 16 time is the winner. Relay race are 17 races. Each team member races the same distance. As the first man finishes, the second 18 . This continues 19 each team member completes his part of the race. Vict
35、ory is awarded to the team 20 to an individual.（分数：30.00）A.includingB.havingC.involvingD.keeping解析：词义辨析题。include包括，包含；have有；involve包含，牵涉；keep保持。句意为：有各种各样的竞赛，包括几乎任何交通工具和体育活动。因此，可以直接排除C和D，而A相对于B而言更贴切。故选A。A.inB.onC.withD.between解析：词义辨析题。交通工具前用介词on，如on a boat/train/bus。A.rewardedB.awardedC.givenD.handed
36、解析：词义辨析题。reward奖励，奖赏，给予报酬；award授予；give给予；hand传递，交给；因为主语是prizes(奖品，奖赏)，所以选B最贴切。A.rewardedB.awardC.rewardingD.reward解析：语法题。根据句子结构，此处需要一个名词，因此直接排除A，B和C；故选D。A.AthletesB.WinnersC.ParticipantsD.Players解析：词义辨析题。athlete运动员；winner胜利者；participant参与者；player选手。因为后文提到rewarded(奖励)和honored(荣誉)，故只能选B。A.also present
37、B.also popularC.present alsoD.popular解析：词义辨析题。present出席的，现在的；popular流行的，受到人们欢迎的；因为also要放在系动词be后，所以排除C。根据上下文语意，排除A和D；故选B。A.insuranceB.enduringC.enduranceD.assurance解析：词义辨析题。enduring持久的；insurance保险；endurance耐力；assurance保证，确信。耐力对于foot racing(竞走)是非常重要的，故选C。A.shortB.wordC.sumD.long解析：惯用法题。in short(简而言之)是
38、固定搭配。A.courseB.raceC.instanceD.track解析：词义辨析题。course过程，路程，跑道，道路；race比赛，竞争；instance例子，情况；track轨道，足迹，踪迹；此句意为：简而言之，竞争者要尽快地跑完路程，但在更长的路程中，他们必须省下足够的力气已完成最后冲刺。因此，两个course是同一个意思，即“路程，跑道”。因此选A。A.gotB.madeC.that didD.that made解析：语法题。过去分词短语修饰名词machines；get(得到，获得)在此不符合题意，故排除；C和D都不符合，故选B。A.contactB.competitionC.c
39、ontractD.contrast解析：词义辨析题。contact接触，联络；competition竞争；contract合同，契约；contrast对照，对比。很明显，参与者直接竞争，故选B。A.pointB.areaC.districtD.line解析：惯用法题。starting line(起跑线，比赛和游戏专用术语)为固定搭配。A.hitB.crossC.acrossD.strike解析：词义辨析题。hit打击，碰撞；cross横过，越过；across(介词)横过，穿过；strike打击，敲击。根据句子结构，此处需要一个动词，故排除C；而根据词义，只有B(越过终点线)符合句意，故选B。A
40、.massB.manyC.popularD.populous解析：词义辨析题。mass群体的，集中的；many许多的；popular流行的；populous人口众多的。根据后面的skiing(滑雪运动)可知，A符合题意。A.eventsB.racesC.coursesD.places解析：词义辨析题。race比赛，竞争；event事件，项目；course路程，跑道；place地点。因为从一开始文章讲的就是racing，因此B最适合。A.lessB.lestC.leastD.short解析：语法题。least是little的最高级，意为“最少的”。符合文意“最少时间内跑完路程的就是冠军”；故选C
41、。A.individualB.personalC.teamD.group解析：惯用法题。team race(团体赛，体育术语)是固定搭配。A.startsB.setsC.movesD.runs解析：词义辨析题。start开始；set树立，点燃；move移动，迁移；run跑；根据题意，很容易排除B和C；因为接力赛有很多种，不仅限于跑步(如游泳等)，所以不能用run，故选A。A.untilB.afterC.whenD.while解析：词义辨析题。根据句意，首先排除D；而after(在之后)和when(当时)都不如until(直到)连贯和贴切；故选A。A.more thanB.rather than
42、C.notD.instead解析：语法题。如选not，前面需用逗号；如选instead要用instead of；more than不符合句意；因此选rather than(而不是)最符合。The normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep 21 with some 16-17 hours wakefulness and that the sleep normally coincides 22 the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easil
43、y and 23 what extent this 24 can be modified. The question is no mere academic one. The ease with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a 25 of growing importance in industry where automation 26 round-the-clock working of machines. It normally 27 from five days to on
44、e week for a person to adapt to a 28 routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. 29 , it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week. This means that no sooner 30 used to one routine 31 he has to change to another, 32 much of his time is spent
45、 neither working nor sleeping very 33 . One answer would seem to be 34 periods on each shift, a month, or even three months. 35 , recent research has shown that people on such systems will 36 to go back to their 37 habits of sleep and wakefulness during the week-end and that this is quite enough to destroy any 38 to night work built up during the week. The only real solution appears to be to 39 the night shift to those permanent
