1、专业英语四级-89及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)Is there a population problem? My answer 1 the question is YES, there is a problem. The scale of human activities is now so 2 that we are appreciably 3 the climate and ecosystems in our country, the U.S. and the world. The total 4 of people on the environment is 5
2、 to each of two factors: A)The number of people, and B)The 6 impact of each person. If we are to 7 the total impact of people on the global environment, we must address the first, or preferably both, of these 8 . There are many strong forces that will cause 9 growth of the average impact of each per
3、son on the global environment. To the extent that people in 10 countries 11 increase their material standard of living to levels more like ours, material consumption per capita will grow. So we are left with the imperative of 12 population growth, and then of studying the question, Can this 13 popul
4、ation be sustained? To gain a better appreciation of the seriousness of the problem, let us review some very elementary 14 . Let us consider a 15 that is experiencing steady growth 16 such as 5% per year. First we note that this growing quantity will double 17 in a fixed time. This doubling time is
5、found by 18 70 by the percent growth per year. For example, the doubling time for a steady growth rate of 5% per year is 70/5=14 years. Second, we note that a few doublings can give enormous numbers. It is convenient to remember 19 ten doublings causes the growing quantity to increase in size by a f
6、actor of approximately 1000; twenty 20 will cause an increase by a factor of 1,000,000, etc.（分数：40.00）A.ofB.toC.withD.forA.largeB.bigC.smallD.littleA.effectingB.causingC.affectingD.affiliatingA.effectB.influenceC.affectionD.impactA.connectedB.proportionalC.fundamentalD.essentialA.averageB.commonC.av
7、eragedD.averagingA.decreaseB.reduceC.declineD.deduceA.truthsB.factsC.factorsD.elementsA.continuedB.continuousC.continualD.continuityA.developedB.underdevelopedC.technologicalD.complicatedA.seek toB.seekC.seek afterD.seek forA.enhancingB.slackingC.rupturingD.haltingA.stableB.overabundantC.excessiveD.
8、overwhelmingA.arithmeticianB.arithmeticallyC.aristocraticD.arithmeticA.amountB.qualityC.quantityD.numberA.on a rateB.at a rateC.of a rateD.at rateA.in sizeB.in numberC.in amountD.in measurementA.dividingB.subtractingC.multiplyingD.addingA.thatB.whichC.whatD.whichA.doubleB.doublingsC.doubledD.doubles
9、For more than two decades, 21 the cost of college has climbed at twice the rate of inflation, critics have 22 that bloated bureaucracies, overpaid faculty, and 23 amenities are 24 tuition. Yet in a new book Why Does College Cost So Much ?economists Robert Archibald and David Feldman argue that colle
10、ge isnt actually 25 . The reason: 26 the total cost of attending an in-state, four-year public university has nearly doubled to $16,140 27 2000, the benefits that come 28 it have increased 29 , too. Indeed, over the same time 30 , the difference in wages between those who attend college and those wh
11、o dont has climbed 31 20 percent. Yet in the aftermath of the recession, a more 32 question is whos losing 33 in the process? Even though aid packages have risen by more than 50 percent since 2000, one recent study found that college enrollment could fall by 3.6 percent 34 the housing bust, 35 has m
12、ade it harder for families to finance their childrens education. The prices are rising 36 at the time 37 minorities and lower-income families are having the most trouble meeting costs, says Rucker Johnson, a professor of public policy at the University of California, Berkeley. 38 , college may still
13、 be a good deal, but its price is 39 at a time when 40 people can afford it.（分数：30.00）A.withB.atC.asD.onA.arguedB.complainedC.testifiedD.agreedA.crucialB.variousC.enormousD.unnecessaryA.inflatingB.risingC.acceleratingD.fabricatingA.overestimatedB.overpricedC.overstatedD.overseenA.asB.becauseC.althou
14、ghD.whetherA.untilB.sinceC.byD.beforeA.toB.withC.afterD.towardA.mildlyB.properlyC.considerablyD.rationallyA.sectionB.intervalC.sessionD.periodA.atB.byC.toD.aboutA.importantB.interestingC.amazingD.fatalA.offB.overC.outD.awayA.due toB.despiteC.in spite ofD.sinceA.itB.asC.thatD.whichA.specificallyB.pre
15、ciselyC.normallyD.largelyA.thatB.whenC.whichD.in whichA.BesidesB.In additionC.In other wordsD.In generalA.raisingB.arisingC.risenD.risingA.moreB.fewerC.mostD.someThe term quality of life is difficult to define. It 41 a very wide scope such as living environment, health, employment, food, family life
16、, friends, education, material possessions, leisure and recreation, and so on. 42 speaking, the quality of life, especially 43 seen by the individual, is meaningful in terms of the degree 44 which these various areas of life are available or provide 45 for the individual. As activity carried 46 as o
17、ne thinks fit during ones spare time, leisure has the following 47 : relaxation, recreation and entertainment, and personal development. The importance of these varies according to the nature of ones job and ones life style. 48 , people who need to 49 much energy in their work will find relaxation m
18、ost 50 in leisure. Those with a better education and in professional occupations may 51 more to seek recreation and personal development (e.g. 52 of skills and hobbies) in leisure. The specific use of leisure 53 from individual to individual. 54 the same leisure activity may be used differently by d
19、ifferent individuals. Thus, the following are possible use of television watching, a 55 leisure activity, a change of experience to provide 56 from the stress and strain of work; to learn more about what is happening in ones environment; to provide an opportunity for understanding oneself by 57 othe
20、r peoples life experiences as 58 in the programs. Since leisure is basically self-determined, one is able to take 59 his interests and preferences and get 60 in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction.（分数：30.00）A.composesB.consistsC.coversD.constitutesA.BasicallyB.FranklyC.Pri
21、marilyD.GenerallyA.whenB.asC.whileD.whichA.toB.asC.ofD.inA.satisfactionB.informationC.respectD.admirationA.outB.throughC.awayD.offA.effectsB.operationsC.functionsD.featuresA.HoweverB.ThusC.NeverthelessD.YetA.provideB.hireC.exerciseD.exertA.preferableB.desirableC.obtainableD.perfectA.tendB.preferC.en
22、joyD.obligeA.trainingB.promotionC.nurturingD.cultivationA.variesB.differsC.changesD.altersA.StillB.YetC.EvenD.SoA.correctB.adequateC.preciseD.properA.separationB.escapeC.flightD.isolationA.contrastingB.comparingC.matchingD.measuringA.portrayedB.describedC.relatedD.narratedA.afterB.onC.withD.toA.invo
23、lvedB.participatedC.attendedD.employed专业英语四级-89答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)Is there a population problem? My answer 1 the question is YES, there is a problem. The scale of human activities is now so 2 that we are appreciably 3 the climate and ecosystems in our country, the U.S. and the world. The tota
24、l 4 of people on the environment is 5 to each of two factors: A)The number of people, and B)The 6 impact of each person. If we are to 7 the total impact of people on the global environment, we must address the first, or preferably both, of these 8 . There are many strong forces that will cause 9 gro
25、wth of the average impact of each person on the global environment. To the extent that people in 10 countries 11 increase their material standard of living to levels more like ours, material consumption per capita will grow. So we are left with the imperative of 12 population growth, and then of stu
26、dying the question, Can this 13 population be sustained? To gain a better appreciation of the seriousness of the problem, let us review some very elementary 14 . Let us consider a 15 that is experiencing steady growth 16 such as 5% per year. First we note that this growing quantity will double 17 in
27、 a fixed time. This doubling time is found by 18 70 by the percent growth per year. For example, the doubling time for a steady growth rate of 5% per year is 70/5=14 years. Second, we note that a few doublings can give enormous numbers. It is convenient to remember 19 ten doublings causes the growin
28、g quantity to increase in size by a factor of approximately 1000; twenty 20 will cause an increase by a factor of 1,000,000, etc.（分数：40.00）A.ofB.toC.withD.for解析：解析 介词固定搭配题。answer to the question为固定搭配，所以答案是B。A.largeB.bigC.smallD.little解析：解析 语义衔接题。所填的词需要表达人类活动规模的程度。根据上下文可知，人类对自然的影响十分大，因此the scale of h
29、uman activities应立足够大才可以对自然产生影响，故答案为large，而big多用于修饰具体的有形的人或物。A.effectingB.causingC.affectingD.affiliating解析：解析 动词辨析题。effect作动词用是“招致，达到目的”；cause后面可直接造成的结果或发生的事情，而本句中的the climate and ecosystems既不是造成的结果也不是发生的事情；affiliate是“使加入，使成为会员”。这三个选项都不符合句意，affect是“影响”的意思，符合题意。A.effectB.influenceC.affectionD.impact解
30、析：解析 名词辨析题。effect是“结果、影响，作用”；influence是“影响，作用，感化力”，一般强调某人对他人或事物的影响；affection是“喜爱”；impact是“冲击，碰撞，作用”，一般指不良影响。根据句意，人口对环境造成了不良影响，所以选择impact。A.connectedB.proportionalC.fundamentalD.essential解析：解析 形容词辨析题。connected是“连接的，相连的”；proportional是“与成比例的”，后面跟介词to；fundamental是“基本的，根本的”；essential是“根本的，必要的”，后面可以跟介词to，
31、但不符合题意。最符合题意的是B。A.averageB.commonC.averagedD.averaging解析：解析 语义衔接题。根据句子结构分析所填词应该是形容词，修饰impact，故答案在A和B中选择，average侧重“平均的，中等的”意思，common是“普通的，一般的，日常的”。根据each person，可以判定选择average。A.decreaseB.reduceC.declineD.deduce解析：解析 动词辨析题。decrease是指“数量，大小的减少”；decline通常指“数目，价格，比率下降”；deduce是“推论，演绎”。这三个词都不能与impact构成合理的动
32、宾搭配。reduce可以表示降低价格等，也可以表示程度、影响的降低，故选择B。A.truthsB.factsC.factorsD.elements解析：解析 名词辨析及语义衔接题。truth是“真理”；fact是“事实”；factors是“方面”；element是“成分”。根据上下文，both指是的前面提到的two factors，故选择C。A.continuedB.continuousC.continualD.continuity解析：解析 近义词辨析题。continued意为“继续不断的”，只能用于名词前；continuous是“连续不断的”，强调动作都没有间断过；continual是“频
33、繁的，反复的”，强调一个动作在某个时期反复出现；continuity是名词，意为“连续性，连贯性”。该句既不强调这一动作没有间断过，也不强调它在某个时期反复出现，所以选择Continued。A.developedB.underdevelopedC.technologicalD.complicated解析：解析 语义衔接题。动词increase，所以可以确定答案为seek to，表示“追求，寻求”，to是动词不定式标志，后面接动词原形；seek after是“寻找，探索”，seek for是“寻找，寻求”，后面都接名词或动名词。第一段最后一句our country, the U.S.可知，句中的
34、ours就是指Our country，即美国。众所周知，美国是发达国家，所以那些想要提高他们生活水平的国家是underdeveloped。technological表示“技术的”，complicated表示“复杂的”，均不符合题意。A.seek toB.seekC.seek afterD.seek for解析：A.enhancingB.slackingC.rupturingD.halting解析：解析 动词辨析题。enhance是“加强”；slack是“放松，松弛”；rupture是“破裂，决裂，不和”；halt是“停止，中断”。句子的意思是“控制人口增长迫在眉睫”，所以应该用halt。A.s
35、tableB.overabundantC.excessiveD.overwhelming解析：解析 语义衔接和形容词辨析题。stable是“稳定的，稳步的”；overabundant是“过多的，过剩的”；excessive是“过多的，过分的”；overwhelming是“压倒之势的”。根据上下文，下一段最后一句中出现了steady growth，所填词应该是steady的近义或同义复现，所以选择A。A.arithmeticianB.arithmeticallyC.aristocraticD.arithmetic解析：解析 同根词辨析题。arithmetician是名词，“算数家”；arithm
36、etically是副词，“使用算数地”；arithmetic是名词，“运算，算术”；aristocratic是“贵族的，高贵的”，是一个干扰项。根据语法判断，该空应该填名词，根据语义，应该选择arithmetic。A.amountB.qualityC.quantityD.number解析：解析 名词词义衔接和辨析题。句子中的数字5%提示所填的词应该与数量有关，所以可以把答案限定在amount和quantity之间。由下文多次出现的quantity可以知道此处与数字相关的词应该是quantity。A.on a rateB.at a rateC.of a rateD.at rate解析：解析 语义
37、衔接题。与rate搭配的介词通常是at，故可以在at a rate和at rate之间选择，rate前通常需要加不定冠词，故答案为B。A.in sizeB.in numberC.in amountD.in measurement解析：解析 语义衔接题。联系上下文可知，本句话中的this growing quantity will double.对应最后一段第二句话中的the growing quantity to increase in size.，因此所填词应该是in size，所以答案是A。A.dividingB.subtractingC.multiplyingD.adding解析：解析
38、语义衔接题。根据上下文，本段最后一句是对本句的举例说明。根据最后一句可知，the doubling time是由70除以5(即目前每年的人口增长百分比)得出的，选项中表示“除”的词是dividing。A.thatB.whichC.whatD.which解析：解析 语法题。分析句子结构可知，从句是一个宾语从句，从句的主干成分完整，所填词不在从句中充当任何成分，所以选that。A.doubleB.doublingsC.doubledD.doubles解析：解析 语义衔接题。本句的宾语从句由两个并列的分句构成，二者的句子结构基本相同，主谓宾三个成分之间分别存在对应关系，所以所填词应是doubling
39、s(加倍成双)。For more than two decades, 21 the cost of college has climbed at twice the rate of inflation, critics have 22 that bloated bureaucracies, overpaid faculty, and 23 amenities are 24 tuition. Yet in a new book Why Does College Cost So Much ?economists Robert Archibald and David Feldman argue th
40、at college isnt actually 25 . The reason: 26 the total cost of attending an in-state, four-year public university has nearly doubled to $16,140 27 2000, the benefits that come 28 it have increased 29 , too. Indeed, over the same time 30 , the difference in wages between those who attend college and
41、those who dont has climbed 31 20 percent. Yet in the aftermath of the recession, a more 32 question is whos losing 33 in the process? Even though aid packages have risen by more than 50 percent since 2000, one recent study found that college enrollment could fall by 3.6 percent 34 the housing bust,
42、35 has made it harder for families to finance their childrens education. The prices are rising 36 at the time 37 minorities and lower-income families are having the most trouble meeting costs, says Rucker Johnson, a professor of public policy at the University of California, Berkeley. 38 , college m
43、ay still be a good deal, but its price is 39 at a time when 40 people can afford it.（分数：30.00）A.withB.atC.asD.on解析：解析 语法结构题。通过分析句子结构可知，空格所在句与下一句存在因果关系，是一个原因状语从句，四个选项中只有as可以引导原因状语从句。A.arguedB.complainedC.testifiedD.agreed解析：解析 语义衔接题。根据上下文，引导的宾语从句陈述的是批评家们的观点或言论，所填词应该含有“认为”的意思。complain是“抱怨，投诉”；testify是
44、“坦白，供认”；agree是“同意”；只有argue有“认为”的意思，故选择A。A.crucialB.variousC.enormousD.unnecessary解析：解析 形容词辨析题。crucial是“重要的”；various是“各种各样的”；enormous是“巨大的”；unnecessary是“不必要的”。根据句子结构，所填词与amenities构成短语，与bloated bureaucracies, overpaid faculty并列，bloated和overpaid含有贬义成分，故所填词也应该具有类似含义，只有D符合句意。A.inflatingB.risingC.accelera
45、tingD.fabricating解析：解析 动词辨析题。inflating是“抬高物价，通货膨胀”；rising是“提升，上升”；accelerating是“加速”；fabricating是“建造，编造”。文章第一句话就告诉我们大学的费用已攀升到通货膨胀率的两倍，由此可知，批评家们认为学费被“增加，提高”了。rise为不及物动词，所以只有inflating符合条件。A.overestimatedB.overpricedC.overstatedD.overseen解析：解析 形容词辨析题。overestimated是“过高估计”；overpriced是“标价过高”；overstated是“过分强调”；overseen是“监督，看管”。根据句子，句首的yet提示本句语义发生转折，上文提到大学学费过高，由此可推知本句要表达的是图书作者认为实际上大学费用并不高，所以只有B符合题意。A.asB.becauseC.althoughD.whether解析：解析 语法结构题。根据原文可知，公立学校的总费用提高了一倍，同时好处也增加了，两部分之间存在着让步的关系，故选择although。A.untilB.
