1、专业英语四级-88及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)Cheating is nothing new. But today, educators and administrators are finding that instances of academic 1 on the part of students have become more frequentand are 2 likely to be punished than in the past. Cheating appears to have gained 3 among good and poor stude
2、nts alike. Why is student cheating on the rise? No one really knows. Some blame the 4 on a general loosening of moral values among todays youth. Others have attributed increased cheating 5 the fact that todays youth are far more pragmatic than their idealistic predecessors. 6 in the late sixties and
3、 early seventies, students are filled with visions about 7 the world, todays students feel great pressure to conform and succeed. In interviews 8 students at high schools and colleges around the country, both young men and women said that cheating 9 become easy. Some suggested they did it out of 10
4、for teachers they did not respect. Others looked at it as a game. Only 11 they were caught, some said, would they feel guilty. People are competitive, said a second-year college student named Anna, from Chicago. Theres an 12 fear. If you dont do well, your life is going to be 13 . The pressure is no
5、t only from parents and friends but also from yourself. To achieve. To succeed. Its almost as though we have to 14 other people to 15 our own goals. Edward Wynne, editor of a magazine blames the rise in academic dishonesty on the schools. He claims that administrators and teachers have been too 16 t
6、o take action. Dwight Huber, chairman of the English department at Amarillo sees the matter 17 , blaming the rise in cheating on the way students are evaluated. I would cheat if I felt I was being cheated, Mr. Huber said. He feels that 18 teachers give short-answer tests rather than essay questions
7、and rate students by the number of facts they can memorize 19 by how the false assumption 20 the system is legitimate and there is something wrong with the individual whos doing it. He said. Thats too easy an answer. Weve got to start looking at the system.（分数：40.00）A.honestyB.uprightnessC.dishonest
8、yD.cheatingA.lessB.moreC.mostD.leastA.admissionB.allowanceC.permissionD.acceptanceA.tendencyB.trendC.fashionD.flowA.toB.onC.forD.inA.WhereB.WhenC.WhereasD.WhatA.transmittingB.transferringC.transportingD.transformingA.toB.withC.onD.towardA.hasB.haveC.hadD.havingA.spiteB.evilC.wickednessD.illnessA.aft
9、erB.ifC.thenD.thoughA.hiddenB.underlyingC.latentD.hidingA.ruinedB.damagedC.destroyedD.hurtA.conquerB.beatC.defeatD.outdoA.attainB.getC.achieveD.obtainA.hesitantB.quickC.readyD.willingA.similarlyB.differentlyC.thoroughlyD.completelyA.ifB.thoughC.as long asD.unlessA.rather thanB.other thanC.more thanD
10、.less thanA.whatB.whichC.thatD.asA subject which seems to have been insufficiently studied by doctors and psychologists is the influence of geography and climate on the psychological and physical health of mankind. There seems no doubt 21 the general character of the landscape, the relative 22 of da
11、y and night, and the climate must 23 play a big part in determining what kind of people we are. It is true that 24 studies have been made. 25 all the inhabitants of a particular area enjoy exceptionally good or bad health, scientists have 26 contributory factors such as the presence or 27 of substan
12、ces like iodine, fluoride, calcium, or iron in the water supply, or perhaps types of land that provide breeding places 28 pests like mosquitoes or rats. 29 , we can all generalize about types of people we have met. Those 30 in countries with long dark winters are 31 to be less talkative and less viv
13、acious than inhabitants of countries where the 32 is more equable. And where the olive and the orange grow, the 33 are cheerful, talkative, and spontaneous. But these 34 generalizations are inadequate: the 35 of climate and geography should be studied in 36 . Do all mountain dwellers live to a ripe
14、old age? Does the drinking of wine, 37 than beer, result in a sunny and open temperament? Is the strength and height of one of the Kenyan tribes due to their 38 drinking of the blood of cows? We are not yet sure of the answer to such questions, but let us 39 that something of benefit to mankind may
15、eventually result 40 such studies.（分数：30.00）A.ifB.whetherC.whichD.thatA.timeB.lengthC.spanD.extensionA.neitherB.bothC.noneD.allA.a fewB.fewC.a littleD.littleA.WhenB.ThatC.WhereD.WhereasA.acknowledgedB.identifiedC.recognizedD.distinguishedA.absenceB.disappearanceC.occurrenceD.existenceA.byB.toC.forD.
16、withA.ThereforeB.SimilarlyC.ConverselyD.MoreoverA.liveB.livingC.stayD.stayingA.dueB.aptC.ableD.readyA.weatherB.climateC.geographyD.situationA.inhabitB.habitatC.inhabitantsD.inhabitationA.ordinaryB.averageC.commonplaceD.conventionalA.effectivenessB.affectionC.efficiencyD.influenceA.depthB.widthC.dist
17、anceD.scopeA.otherB.ratherC.moreD.lessA.consistentB.permanentC.alwaysD.habitualA.to hopeB.hopeC.to wishD.wishA.asB.fromC.inD.bySince we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One 41 of the human condition is our tendency to give and r
18、eceive support from one another 42 stressful circumstances. Social support consists of the 43 of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. 44 who are with strong support systems appear 45 able to cope with major life changes and daily hassles. People with 46 social ties live together
19、 and have better health than those without 47 ties. Studies over a range of illness, from depression to heart disease, 48 that the presence of social support helps people fend of illness, and the 49 of such support makes poor health more likely. Social support cushions stress in a(n) 50 of ways. Fir
20、st, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us know that they 51 us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others 52 our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often 53 us with informational support. They help us to 54 and understand our problems and find solutions 55 t
21、hem. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. 56 in leisure-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs 57 at the same time distracting us from our worries and troubles. 58 , other people may give us instrumental supportfinancial 59 , material resources, and needed
22、 services 60 reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.（分数：30.00）A.goodB.superiorityC.strengthD.benefitA.onB.underC.withD.withinA.changeB.exchangeC.transactionD.transferenceA.ThoseB.TheseC.ThatD.ThisA.muchB.moreC.wellD.betterA.strongB.toughC.hardD.bigA.theB.manyC.muchD.suchA.re
23、vealB.reflectC.exposeD.discoverA.shortageB.absenceC.abundanceD.existenceA.fewB.dozenC.decadeD.numberA.evaluateB.valueC.relyD.stressA.besidesB.spiteC.despiteD.regardlessA.offerB.reinforceC.provideD.strengthenA.defineB.relateC.prescribeD.accountA.inB.aboutC.ofD.toA.EngagingB.InvolvingC.TakingD.BeingA.
24、whileB.meanwhileC.whereasD.howeverA.FurthermoreB.ThusC.NeverthelessD.FinallyA.assistanceB.supplyC.resourcesD.aidA.whatB.thatC.whoD.as专业英语四级-88答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)Cheating is nothing new. But today, educators and administrators are finding that instances of academic 1 on the part of students ha
25、ve become more frequentand are 2 likely to be punished than in the past. Cheating appears to have gained 3 among good and poor students alike. Why is student cheating on the rise? No one really knows. Some blame the 4 on a general loosening of moral values among todays youth. Others have attributed
26、increased cheating 5 the fact that todays youth are far more pragmatic than their idealistic predecessors. 6 in the late sixties and early seventies, students are filled with visions about 7 the world, todays students feel great pressure to conform and succeed. In interviews 8 students at high schoo
27、ls and colleges around the country, both young men and women said that cheating 9 become easy. Some suggested they did it out of 10 for teachers they did not respect. Others looked at it as a game. Only 11 they were caught, some said, would they feel guilty. People are competitive, said a second-yea
28、r college student named Anna, from Chicago. Theres an 12 fear. If you dont do well, your life is going to be 13 . The pressure is not only from parents and friends but also from yourself. To achieve. To succeed. Its almost as though we have to 14 other people to 15 our own goals. Edward Wynne, edito
29、r of a magazine blames the rise in academic dishonesty on the schools. He claims that administrators and teachers have been too 16 to take action. Dwight Huber, chairman of the English department at Amarillo sees the matter 17 , blaming the rise in cheating on the way students are evaluated. I would
30、 cheat if I felt I was being cheated, Mr. Huber said. He feels that 18 teachers give short-answer tests rather than essay questions and rate students by the number of facts they can memorize 19 by how the false assumption 20 the system is legitimate and there is something wrong with the individual w
31、hos doing it. He said. Thats too easy an answer. Weve got to start looking at the system.（分数：40.00）A.honestyB.uprightnessC.dishonestyD.cheating解析：解析 语义衔接及名词辨析题。文章开头提出作弊自古就有，但现在教育者们发现这一现象有增元减。academic dishonesty为cheating的同义出现。A、B选项为“诚实”“正直”之意，语义正好相反；D选项可以用，但不是最佳，第三段里出现了academic dishonesty这个词，由此可见C为正确
32、答案。A.lessB.moreC.mostD.least解析：解析 语义衔接题。根据句意，作弊现象在当下越来越普遍了，而且所受惩罚相比过去越来越少了，所以应该选择less likely。A.admissionB.allowanceC.permissionD.acceptance解析：解析 名词辨析题。admission是“允许进入，承认，供认”；allowance是“准许或津贴、零花钱”；permission是“许可，允许”；acceptance是“接受，领受、认可”。句子的意思是“作弊现在被好学生差学生同时认可了”，所以选择D。A.tendencyB.trendC.fashionD.flow
33、解析：解析 名词辨析题。该句的意思是“有人抱怨如今年轻人的道德价值观念有日渐淡薄的趋势”，应该用tendency。tendency和trend都有“趋势，倾向”的意思，但tendency是“指向某一方向移动或在确定的趋向中行动”，而trend指“总的趋向或倾向”。fashion指“风尚，流行”；flow作名词是指“流动物，流向”。A.toB.onC.forD.in解析：解析 固定搭配题。attribute.to是固定搭配，是“把归咎于”的意思。句子的意思是“有些人把不断增长的作弊现象归咎于现在的年轻人与他们怀有理想主义的前辈相比更加奉行实用主义”。A.WhereB.WhenC.WhereasD
34、.What解析：解析 逻辑关系题。该句讲的是60年代晚期和70年代早期的学生们怀抱改变世界的理想，而现在的学生感觉顺从和继承的压力很大。两方面形成一个对比，所以用whereas，表示“而，却，反之”的意思。A.transmittingB.transferringC.transportingD.transforming解析：解析 动词辨析题。transmit是“传达，输送”的意思；transfer是“转移，迁移，调动”的意思；transport是“运输，交通”的意思；transform是“改变，转变，改造”的意思。该句讲的是，60年代晚期和70年代早期的学生们怀抱改变世界的理想，所以用trans
35、form。A.toB.withC.onD.toward解析：解析 介词搭配题。此处考查介词的用法，句子的意思是“在对高中和大学学生进行的采访中”，表示采访的对象用介词with。A.hasB.haveC.hadD.having解析：解析 时态辨析题。根据原文可知，在采访中，年轻的男学生女学生说作弊比以前容易了。主句是一般过去时，从句的内容是过去的过去，所以用过去完成时，故选择C。A.spiteB.evilC.wickednessD.illness解析：解析 固定搭配题。out of spite是“恶意对待，怨恨”意思。此句意为“有些学生作弊是因为他们不尊重某个老师而恶意为之”。A.afterB.
36、ifC.thenD.though解析：解析 语义衔接题。该句讲有些学生把作弊当成游戏，除非他们被发现，不然是不会觉得羞愧的。only if表示“除非才，只有”的意思；only after表示“只有在之后”，不符合题意；其他两个选项均不正确。A.hiddenB.underlyingC.latentD.hiding解析：解析 形容词辨析题。hidden是hide的过去分词形式，表示“隐藏的，藏起来的”；underlying表示“潜在的，隐晦的，含蓄的”；latent表示“潜伏的，休眠的”；hiding表示“躲藏，躲藏处”。一般用underlying修饰fear，表示一种潜在的惧怕。A.ruined
37、B.damagedC.destroyedD.hurt解析：解析 动词辨析题。前三个选项都有“损害，损失”的意思。ruin指结束某人某物大的完整性、价值、美丽、健康或机会；damage主要指伤害的后果导致内在价值、效用和外观方面的损失，这种损失常指因人为的原因和过失而引起的；destroy含有能够粉碎，拆毁或消灭的外在力量；hurt指精神或肉体上的伤害。文中的意思是“如果你干得不好，你的一生就有可能被毁了”，所以用ruin。A.conquerB.beatC.defeatD.outdo解析：解析 动词辨析题。conquer是“征服”的意思；beat是“敲、打、打败”的意思；defeat是“战胜”的
38、意思；outdo是“胜过别人，优于”的意思。句子的意思是“我们必须得胜过别人来达到自己的目标”，所以用outdo。A.attainB.getC.achieveD.obtain解析：解析 动词辨析题。四个选项都有“得到、获得”的意思。attain指的是“经过某种努力的阶段终于得以成功地做成某事或取得某种成果”；get范围最广，既可以表示主动地“弄到，搞到”，也可以表示被动地“收到，得到”；obtain表示“获得(书籍、学位等)，寻求”；achieve指“经过努力达到目标，实现愿望”，通常与goal搭配，所以选择achieve。A.hesitantB.quickC.readyD.willing解析
39、：解析 语义衔接及形容词辨析题。hesitant是“犹豫，迟疑”的意思；quick是“快速的”；ready表示“准备好的，愿意的”；willing表示“乐意的，情愿的”。后三个选项意思相近，而句子表达的意思是“行政人员和老师们过于犹豫不决而未采取行动”，所以应该选择A。A.similarlyB.differentlyC.thoroughlyD.completely解析：解析 语义衔接及副词辨析题。similarly是“相似地”；dfferently是“不同地”；thoroughly和completely都是“完全地，彻底地”。根据上下文，Dwight Huber的观点和前面一个人的观点是不相同
40、的，所以选择B。A.ifB.thoughC.as long asD.unless解析：解析 逻辑关系题。此处句意：只要老师以简答题的形式测试学生而不是以写论文的形式，以学生记得事实的数量而不是加工所得信息的优劣来评判学生，学生就会违背体制。用as long as引导一个条件状语从句。A.rather thanB.other thanC.more thanD.less than解析：解析 语义衔接题。other than是“除了”；rather than是“与其不如，是而不是”；more than是“多于”；less than是“少于”。根据语义此处应该用rather than。A.whatB.
41、whichC.thatD.as解析：解析 语法辨析题。assumption后面的从句是同位语从句，解释assumption的内容，所以用that引导。A subject which seems to have been insufficiently studied by doctors and psychologists is the influence of geography and climate on the psychological and physical health of mankind. There seems no doubt 21 the general charact
42、er of the landscape, the relative 22 of day and night, and the climate must 23 play a big part in determining what kind of people we are. It is true that 24 studies have been made. 25 all the inhabitants of a particular area enjoy exceptionally good or bad health, scientists have 26 contributory fac
43、tors such as the presence or 27 of substances like iodine, fluoride, calcium, or iron in the water supply, or perhaps types of land that provide breeding places 28 pests like mosquitoes or rats. 29 , we can all generalize about types of people we have met. Those 30 in countries with long dark winter
44、s are 31 to be less talkative and less vivacious than inhabitants of countries where the 32 is more equable. And where the olive and the orange grow, the 33 are cheerful, talkative, and spontaneous. But these 34 generalizations are inadequate: the 35 of climate and geography should be studied in 36
45、. Do all mountain dwellers live to a ripe old age? Does the drinking of wine, 37 than beer, result in a sunny and open temperament? Is the strength and height of one of the Kenyan tribes due to their 38 drinking of the blood of cows? We are not yet sure of the answer to such questions, but let us 39 that something of benefit to mankind may eventually result 40 such studies.（分数：30.00）A.ifB.whetherC.whichD.that解析：解析 语法辨析题。此处为doubt的同位语从句，故用that引出。A.timeB.lengthC.spanD.extension解析：解析 名词辨析题。根据上下文，此处的意思是“昼夜的相对长短”，time是“时间，时刻”，length是“长度，距离”，span是“一段时间，跨度”，extension是“伸展，延伸”，故用length。A.neith
