1、专业英语四级-71及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、READING COMPREHENSIO(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、TEXT A(总题数：2，分数：25.00)In a recent book entitled The Psychic Life of Insects , Professor Bouvier says that we must be careful not to credit the little winged fellow with intelligence when they behave in what seems like an inte
2、lligent manner. They may be only reacting. I would like to confront the Professor with an instance of reasoning power on the part of an insect which cannot be explained away in any other manner. During the summer, while I was at work on my doctoral thesis, we kept a female wasp at our cottage. It wa
3、s more like a child of our own than a wasp, except that it looked more like a wasp than a child of our own. That was one of the ways we told the difference. It was still a young wasp when we got it and for some time we could not get it to eat or drink, it was so shy. Since it was female, we decided
4、to call it Miriam. One evening I had been working late in my laboratory fooling around with some gin and other chemicals, and in leaving the room I tripped over a line of diamonds which someone had left lying on the floor and knocked over my card index which contained the names and addresses of all
5、the larvae worth knowing in North American. The cards went everywhere. I was too tired to stop to pick them that night. As I went, however, I noticed the wasp was flying about in circles over the scattered cards. Maybe Miriam will pick them up, I said half laughingly to myself, never thinking for on
6、e moment that such would be the case. When I came down the next morning Miriam was still asleep in her box, evidently tired out. And well she might have been. For there on the floor lay the cards scattered all about just as I had left them the night before. The faithful little insect had buzzed abou
7、t all night trying to come to some decision about picking them up and arranging them in the boxes for me, and then had figured out for herself that, as she knew practically nothing on larvae of any sort except wasp larvae, she would probably make more of a mess of rearranging them than if she had le
8、ft them on the floor for me to fix. It was just too much for her to tackle, and discouraged, she went over and lay down in her box, where she cried herself to sleep.（分数：12.50）(1).Professor Bouvier most probably agrees that _.（分数：2.50）A.insects reasoning power has nothing to do with intelligenceB.was
9、ps can only behave in an instinctive mannerC.wasps are different from other winged creaturesD.the issue of insects intelligence need further research(2).The author took the wasp Miriam to his cottage because _.（分数：2.50）A.Miriam was treated like a childB.Miriam was the pet of the familyC.the author w
10、as studying insects for his doctoral thesisD.the author wanted to prove that insects have intelligence(3).When the card index scattered on the floor, the author _.（分数：2.50）A.decided to pick them up the next morningB.believed Miriam would pick them upC.didnt understand why Miriam flew about over the
11、cardsD.found it ridiculous that Miriam would pick them up(4).By saying And well she might have been (Para. 6), the author thinks that Miriam was _.（分数：2.50）A.exhaustedB.intelligentC.energeticD.depressed(5).Which of the following statements was based on facts rather than on the authors pure thinking?
12、（分数：2.50）A.Miriam cried herself to sleep.B.Miriam had buzzed about all night.C.Miriam could only tell wasp larvae.D.Miriam had left the cards on the floor.An apple polisher is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment. It is not exactly a bribe, but is close to it. All sorts of peop
13、le are apple polishers, including politicians and people in high officesjust about everybody. Oliver Cromwell, the great English leader, offered many gifts to win the support of George Fox and his party, but failed. There are other phrases meaning the same thing as apple-polishingsoft-soaping or but
14、tering-up. A gift is just one way to soft-soap somebody, or to butter him up. Another that is just as effective is flattery, giving someone high praise-telling him how good he looks, or how well he speaks, or how talented and wise he is. Endless are the ways of flattery. Who does not love to hear it
15、? Only an unusual man can resist the thrill of being told how wonderful he is. In truth, flattery is good medicine for most of us, who get so little of it. We need it to be more sure of ourselves. It cannot hurt unless we get carried away by it. But if we just lap it up for its food value and nouris
16、hment, as a cat laps up milk, then we can still remain true to ourselves. Sometimes, however, flattery will get you nothing from one who has had too much of it. A good example is the famous 12th century legend of King Canute of Denmark and England. The king got tired of listening to the endless sick
17、ening flattery of his courtiers. They overpraised him to the skies, as a man of limitless might. He decided to teach them a lesson. He took them to the seashore and sat down. Then he ordered the waves to stop coming in. The tide was too busy to listen to him. The king was satisfied. This might show
18、his followers how weak his power.（分数：12.50）(1).Which of the following activities has nothing to do with apple-polishing?（分数：2.50）A.A boy tells his girlfriend how pretty she looks.B.An employee tells her boss how good he is at management.C.A knight is said to be of limitless power by his followers.D.
19、A teacher praises her students for their talent and wisdom.(2).What does the writer want to prove with Cromwells example?（分数：2.50）A.Everybody can be an apple-polisher.B.Cromwell was not a good apple-polisher.C.George Fox and his party were not apple-polishers.D.There are people who dont like being a
20、pple-polished.(3).Which of the following statements about flattery is true according to the writer?（分数：2.50）A.Too much flattery can carry us away.B.Flattery is too empty to do people any good.C.Flattery can get you nothing but excessive pride.D.Flattery is one of the ways to apple-polish people.(4).
21、King Canute of Denmark and England took his followers to the seashore because _.（分数：2.50）A.he was sick of his normal lifeB.he disliked being overpraised any moreC.he wanted them to realize how wise he wasD.he wanted them to see how weak he was as a king(5).The author thinks that flattery can do good
22、 to those who _.（分数：2.50）A.are politicians or in high officesB.lack confidenceC.are really excellentD.think highly of themselves三、TEXT B(总题数：2，分数：25.00)As medical evidence mounts that we are indeed what we eat, consuming a healthier diet has become almost a national passion in the United States. The
23、 food-for-fitness phenomenon began in the late 70s when a U.S. Senate committee on nutrition reached grim conclusion that six out of the ten leading causes of deathsuch as heart disease, cancer, and strokemight be linked to diet. The government issued dietary guidelines advising Americans to eat a v
24、ariety of foods, maintain proper weight, and limit intake of fat, salt, sugar, and alcohol. For most Americans, what to eat is a matter of personal choice, rather than one of supply. An excellent nationwide food distribution system assures that fresh produce is readily available in all parts of the
25、country, regardless of the season. Taking advantage of this abundance, many people are forsaking traditional meat-and- potatoes and in favor of lighter meals of salads, fruits, and vegetables. The single most dramatic change in the American diet has been a reduction in consumption of animal fat, whi
26、ch is thought to increase the risk of heart disease and may contribute to the high U.S. incidence of breast and colon cancer. Margarine and vegetable oils have replaced butter and lard in many homes, and half of all milk now drunk in the United States is low-fat. Fish and poultry are increasingly po
27、pular sources of protein as consumption of red meat declines. The food industry has responded to concern about fat by producing leaner cuts of meat and cholesterol-free substitutes for eggs. One of the most significant trends in the American way of eating is the healthful change in restaurant food.
28、One of every two meals in the United States is eaten outside the home, says Donna Watson, president of the American Dietetic Association. Restaurants are making special efforts to provide low-fat, low-salt, and low-calorie items. Salad bars, loaded with fresh greens and raw fruits and vegetables, ar
29、e found everywhere, even along-side the burgers and French fries in fast-food restaurants. Most important, the focus on prudent diet has led to an unprecedented national quest for a healthier life style. Americans are smoking less, exercising more, and experimenting with new ways to conquer stress.
30、Eating sensibly, they have discovered, is only one important route to good health.（分数：12.50）(1).It is suggested in the dietary guidelines that _.（分数：2.50）A.60% leading causes of death might be linked to dietB.fat and alcohol should be taken as little as possibleC.eating diverse foods helps maintain
31、proper weightD.sugar and salt should be taken in restricted amount(2).Many Americans no longer maintain the meat-and-potatoes diet because _.（分数：2.50）A.salads, fruits, and vegetables are more easily preparedB.there is a rich supply of diverse foodsC.such diet is not as healthy as salads, fruits and
32、vegetablesD.diverse foods vary with seasons(3).Which of the following can be a way to decrease the consumption of animal fat?（分数：2.50）A.Using less butter when cooking soup.B.Drinking more milk at breakfast.C.Eating more fish or poultry at dinner.D.Having two eggs at most daily.(4).What is the author
33、s attitude towards restaurant food?（分数：2.50）A.Optimistic.B.Impersonal.C.Enthusiastic.D.Anxious.(5).A nationwide pursuit of a sounder life style began when the American realized _.（分数：2.50）A.the disadvantages of smokingB.the advantages of exercisingC.the advantages of prudent dietD.the disadvantages
34、of stressWith increasing prosperity, Western European youth is having a fling that is creating distinctive consumer and cultural patterns. The result has been the increasing emergence in Europe of that phenomenon well known in America as the youth market. This is a market in which enterprising busin
35、esses cater to the demands of teenagers and older youths in all their rock mania and pop-art forms. In Western Europe, the youth market may appropriately be said to be in its infancy. In some countries such as Britain, West Germany and France, it is more advanced than in others. Some manifestations
36、of the market, chiefly sociological, have been recorded, but it is only just beginning to be the subject of organized consumer research and promotion. Characteristics of evolving European youth market indicate dissimilarities as well as similarities to the American youth market. The similarities: Th
37、e markets basis is essentially the samemore spending power and freedom to use it in the hands of teenagers and older youth. Young consumers also make up an increasingly high proportion of the population. As in the United States, youthful tastes in Europe extend over a similar range of productsrecord
38、s and record players, transistor radios, leather jackets and way-out, extravagantly styled clothing, cosmetics and soft drinks. Generally it now is difficult to tell in which direction trans-Atlantic teenage influences are flowing. Also, a pattern of conformity dominates Europe youth as in this coun
39、try, though in Britain the object is to wear clothes that make the wearer stand out, but also make him in, such as tight trousers and precisely tailored jackets. Worship and emulation of idols in the entertainment field, especially the pop singers and other performers is pervasive. Theres also the s
40、ame exuberance and unpredictability in sudden fad switches. In Paris, buyers of stores catering to the youth market carefully watch what dress is being worn by a popular television teenage singer to be ready for a sudden demand for copies. In Stockholm other followers of teenage fads call the youth
41、market attractive but irrational. The most obvious differences between the youth market in Europe and that in the United States is in size. In terms of volume and variety sales, the market in Europe is only a shadow of its American counterpart, but it is a growing shadow.（分数：12.50）(1).The youth mark
42、et is created so as to cater for _.（分数：2.50）A.distinctive young consumers and their cultureB.the enterprising businesses in Western EuropeC.the increasingly prosperous European economyD.the emergence of an American phenomenon(2).What does the author think about the youth market in Britain, West Germ
43、any and France?（分数：2.50）A.It is more developed than that in Western Europe.B.It is still in its preliminary stage of development.C.More sociological phenomena of the market should be recorded.D.Consumer research and promotion should be based on the market.(3).The European youth market and the Americ
44、an one are similar in _.（分数：2.50）A.the youths spending powerB.the youths influences on the marketC.the proportion of the youth populationD.the kinds of products that interest the youth(4).Which of the following statements is true about the youth in Britain?（分数：2.50）A.Their dressing is dominated by a
45、 pattern of conformity.B.Their clothing is distinct from the other Europe youths.C.Tight trousers and precisely tailored clothes are their favorites.D.They are influenced by the conformity derived from the U.S.A.(5).The author mentions the Paris and the Stockholm examples to illustrate _.（分数：2.50）A.
46、the prosperity of the youth marketB.the craziness of the fashion followersC.the unpredictable change of fashionD.the popularity of the fashion idols四、TEXT C(总题数：2，分数：27.50)Logistically, it worked out best for me to fly east from Boston Logan to London Heathrow to Tokyo Narita, a trip which involves
47、26 hours of flight time and another 12 of waiting in airports. The time difference from Eastern Standard Time to Japan Time is 13 hours forward. I arrived at Logan at 3am, the 16th of June, and left Narita at 8am on the 18th. Im afraid I wasnt really in the best mental shape once I finally landed; m
48、y memories of processing through customs are sketchy reconstructions based on small flashes of recollection. What I remember most about that arrival is my luggage. Terry Pratchett and Neil Stephenson have both written amusingly about unwary travellers carrying too much baggage. I have to say that its a lot less amusing when its happening to you. I had imagined that the process on arrival would be like arrival at an American a
