1、专业英语四级-162及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)A big focus of the criticism of computer games has concerned the content of the games being played. When the narratives of the games are analyzed they can be seen to 1 into some types. The two 2 most popular with the children I interviewed
2、 were Platforms and Beat-them-ups. Platform games such as Sonic and Super Mario involve leaping from platform to platform, avoiding obstacles, moving on through the levels, and progressing through the different stages of the game. Beat-them-ups are the games which have caused 3 over their violent co
3、ntent. These games involve fights between 4 characters. In many ways this violence can be compared to violence within childrens cartoons where a character is hit over the head or falls off a cliff but walks away. 5 Controversy has occurred in 6 because of the intensity of the game play, which is sai
4、d to spill 7 into childrens everyday lives. There are worries that children are becoming more violent and aggressive after 8 exposure to these games. Playing computer games involves feelings of intense 9 and anger which often expresses itself in aggressive yells at the screen. It is not only the Bea
5、t-them-up games which produce this aggression; platform games are just as frustrating when the characters lose all their lives and die just before the end of the level is reached. Computer gaming relies upon 10 concentration on the moving images on the screen and demands great hand-to-eye coordinati
6、on. When the player loses and the words Game Over appear on the screen, there is annoyance and frustration at being beaten by the computer and at having made an error. A. get B. genres C. part D. out E. concern F. common G. over H. animated I. frustration J. extended K. unscathed L. intense M. prolo
7、nged N. anxiety O. fall（分数：20.00）Whales, several species of which face extinction, have become subjects of considerable sympathy. These are the recorded voices of whales. These monstrous creatures have been trumpeting their songs, one to another, in the worlds oceans since the 11 of time, while over
8、head, great 12 and civilizations have come and gone. Now, their time of decline has come. It began a long time ago. Four-thousand-year-old rock carvings show that the people who lived in what is now Norway were probably the first to seek out and kill whales in the sea. By around 890 AD, 3,000 years
9、later, the 13 had spread to the Basque people of France and Spain, who 14 whales from boats in the Bay of Biscay. In the centuries that followed, Whaling became an important industry in Denmark, England, Germany, the Netherlands, and, finally, in what would become America. Whaling went into dramatic
10、 15 , beginning around 1900. Today, whales are hunted commercially only by Norway, Iceland and Japan. The worlds 16 with them, however, is at an all-time high, because so few of them are left. Given their 17 history. Richard Ellis writes about whales, takes pictures of whales in the open sea, and 18
11、 whales stranded on the beach. He says its a 20-year 19 that began in the mid-1960s, when he designed a model of a great blue for the Museum of Natural History in New York. As I began to do the research. I realized that nobody knew anything about whales. And I couldnt really find any pictures of wha
12、t they looked like: all I could find was pictures of dead whales. And I became very excited at the prospect of doing what seemed to be original research on something that was so 20 , which was the largest animal that has ever lived on earth. Abeginning Bdecline Crise Dempires Efascination Fdifferent
13、 Ghunted Hdawn Ipractice Jbehavior Kpeculiar Lsketches Mobsession Ntragic Otrapped（分数：20.00）It was the worst tragedy in 21 history, six times more deadly than the Titanic. When the German cruise ship Wilhelm Gustloff was hit by torpedoes fired from a Russian submarine in the final winter of World Wa
14、r II, more than 10,000 peoplemostly women, children and old people 22 the final Red Army push into Nazi Germany-were packed aboard. An ice storm had turned the decks into frozen sheets that sent hundreds of families 23 into the sea as the ship tilted and began to go down. Others desperately tried to
15、 put lifeboats down. Some, who succeeded, fought off those in the water who had the strength to try to 24 their way aboard. Most people froze immediately. Ill never forget the screams, says Christa Ntitzmann, 87, one of the 1,200 survivors. She recalls watching the ship, brightly lit, slipping into
16、its dark grave and into seeming 25 , rarely mentioned for more than half a century. Now Germanys Nobel Prize-winning author Gtinter Grass has 26 the memory of the 9,000 dead, including more than 4,000 childrenwith his latest novel Crab Walk, published last month. The book, which will come 27 in Engl
17、ish next year, doesnt 28 on the sinking; its heroine is a pregnant young woman who survives the catastrophe only to say later: Nobody wanted to hear about it, not here in the West (of Germany) and not at all in the East. The reason was 29 . As Grass put it in a recent interview with the weekly Die W
18、oche: Because the crimes we Germans are responsible for were and are so 30 , we didnt have the energy left to tell of our own sufferings. A. dominant B. maritime C. obvious D. nothingness E. marine F. out G. sliding H. claw I. emptiness J. by K. revived L. dwell M. relived N. slipping O. fleeing（分数：
19、20.00）Three hundred years ago news travelled by word of mouth or letter, and circulated in taverns and coffee houses in the form of pamphlets and newsletters. Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper, The New York Sun, pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of n
20、ews, thus giving advertisers 31 to a wider audience. The penny press, followed by radio and television, turned news from a two-way conversation into a one-way broadcast, with a 32 small number of firms controlling the media. Now, the news industry is 33 to something closer to the coffee house. The I
21、nternet is making news more participatory, social and diverse, reviving the 34 characteristics of the era before the mass media are 35 Newspaper circulations lose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009. Over the past decade, throughout the Western world, people have been giving up newspapers and TV ne
22、ws and keeping up with events in 36 different ways. Most strikingly, ordinary people are increasingly involved in compiling, sharing, filtering, discussing and 37 news. Twitter lets people anywhere report what they are seeing. Classified documents are published in their thousands online. Social-netw
23、orking sites help people find, discuss and share news with their friends. And it is not just readers who are 38 the media elite. Technology firms including Google, Facebook and Twitter have become important conduits of news. Celebrities and world leaders publish updates directly via social networks;
24、 many countries now make raw data available through open government initiatives. The Internet lets people read newspapers or watch television channels from around the world. The web has allowed new providers of news, from individual bloggers to sites, to rise to 39 in a very short space of time. And
25、 it has made possible entirely new approaches to journalism, such as that practiced by WikiLeaks, which provides a(n) 40 way for whistleblowers to publish documents. The news agenda is no longer controlled by a few press barons and state outlets. Aconsiderably Baccess Canonymous Dheight Ereturning F
26、advantage Grelatively Hchallenging Ichatty Jflourishing Kdiscursive Lprominence Mdistributing Nprofoundly Ofighting（分数：20.00）Street sellers, particularly in developing countries, supply large amounts of food to people 41 low incomes. This sector also employs some 6-25% of the work force, mainly wome
27、n, in developing countries, and provides markets for agricultural and other 42 . In many countries, however, the authorities are not willing to 43 it as a formal sector of the food supply system. They may ignore it in food control programs or even try to put an end to it. There are two possible 44 :
28、 pathogenic micro-organisms and hazardous chemicals. As far as micro-organisms are concerned, there is apparently no convincing evidence that street foods are more involved in the transformation of infection than foods obtained in, e.g. hotels. Studies in Egypt and elsewhere have found street foods
29、to compare not 45 with hotel foods in respect of contamination with micro-organismssome street foods were found to be contaminated with pathogens, but so were foods from four-and five-star hotels in the same area. Hazardous 46 have been found in street foods, and food exposed for sale on roadsides m
30、ay become contaminated by lead from vehicle exhausts. Health dangers may 47 with: purchase of raw material of poor quality; improper storage, processing, and cooking; limited piped drinking-water; lack of 48 ; unsatisfactory waste-disposal facilities; and personal cleanliness. The authorities should
31、 take into account the potentials of different categories of food for transmitting diseases. Dry foodstuff, dried grains, and 49 foods are less likely to transmit diseases than gravies, cooked rice, and low-acid milk, eggs, and meat products. Similarly foods which are thoroughly cooked and eaten at
32、once are safer than 50 food kept at high temperatures for several hours. A. on B. produce C. sugared D. precooked E. with F. chemicals G. product H. ice I. consider J. unfavorably K. recognize L. arise M. refrigeration N. contaminants O. favorably（分数：20.00）专业英语四级-162答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE
33、(总题数：5，分数：100.00)A big focus of the criticism of computer games has concerned the content of the games being played. When the narratives of the games are analyzed they can be seen to 1 into some types. The two 2 most popular with the children I interviewed were Platforms and Beat-them-ups. Platform
34、games such as Sonic and Super Mario involve leaping from platform to platform, avoiding obstacles, moving on through the levels, and progressing through the different stages of the game. Beat-them-ups are the games which have caused 3 over their violent content. These games involve fights between 4
35、characters. In many ways this violence can be compared to violence within childrens cartoons where a character is hit over the head or falls off a cliff but walks away. 5 Controversy has occurred in 6 because of the intensity of the game play, which is said to spill 7 into childrens everyday lives.
36、There are worries that children are becoming more violent and aggressive after 8 exposure to these games. Playing computer games involves feelings of intense 9 and anger which often expresses itself in aggressive yells at the screen. It is not only the Beat-them-up games which produce this aggressio
37、n; platform games are just as frustrating when the characters lose all their lives and die just before the end of the level is reached. Computer gaming relies upon 10 concentration on the moving images on the screen and demands great hand-to-eye coordination. When the player loses and the words Game
38、 Over appear on the screen, there is annoyance and frustration at being beaten by the computer and at having made an error. A. get B. genres C. part D. out E. concern F. common G. over H. animated I. frustration J. extended K. unscathed L. intense M. prolonged N. anxiety O. fall（分数：20.00）解析：Ofall解析
39、词组固定搭配题。根据词性，此处应当填入动词原型，可以与into搭配，选项中的可选范围为“get, fall”。fall into sth.“可分为”，如：The lecture series falls naturally into three parts.该系列讲座可自然分作三部分；get(oneself/sb.)into sth.“(使自己/某人)进入或达到(某种状态或情形)”，如：get into a fury, rage, temper, etc. “愤怒，勃然大怒，发脾气”。根据文意，此处选择fall，表示游戏可以分为两大类。解析：Bgenres解析 同义词复现。此题难点在于空格中的
40、词的词性分析，根据句子语法拆解发现“most popular with the children I interviewed”为后置定语，空格中应当填入名词做主语。根据上下文可见此处指游戏的两大类型，为上文type的同义词，故选择genre“类型，风格”。解析：Econcern解析 近义词复现。根据词性，此处应当填入名词。根据空格后下文“over their violent content”以及下一段落中“There are worries that children are becoming more violent and aggressive”可见游戏中的暴力内容令人担忧，因此此处填入w
41、orry的近义词concern。解析：Hanimated解析 常识题。根据词性，此处应当填入形容词。由于是游戏中的角色，所以是动画角色，选用animated“看起来活动的”，如animated drawings“动画”。解析：Kunscathed解析 语法题/常识题。此题词性判断有两种可能，第一种可能性是填入副词，修饰walk away，但选项中over, out与away重复，不能同时使用。第二种可能性是填入形容词补语，表示走开时的状态。此处可修饰人(角色)状态的形容词只有unscathed“未受伤的”。同时根据游戏常识，游戏角色受伤后又会复活，若无其事地走开。解析：Cpart解析 词组固定
42、搭配题。根据词性，此处应当填入名词，并与in构成搭配。在可选范围中，(have sth.)in common(with sb./sth.)表不“有共同的利益、特点等”；in part“在某种程度上；部分地”；in frustration“挫败地，沮丧地”；in anxiety“焦虑地”。此处根据文意是指“原因在于”，不涉及情绪。故选part，表示“部分原因在于”。解析：Gover解析 词组固定搭配题。根据词性，此处应当填入副词或介词，可选范围“over, out”。spill(sth.) (from, out of etc sth.)；spill out“流出；溢出；洒出”；spill ove
43、r“(满得)从某物中溢出”。此处原文是指电脑游戏充斥着儿童的日常生活，强调“多，满”，故选over。解析：Mprolonged解析 词义辨析题。根据词性，此处应当填入形容词。可修饰exposure的形容词在可选范围中符合语义的仅有“prolonged, extended, intense”。extend“使(某物)(往往在空间上)更长，伸长，延长，延展”；prolong“延长(某事物)(尤指时间)”；intense“强烈的；剧烈的；极度的”。文中表示长时间玩游戏，经常玩游戏，故最佳答案为prolonged。解析：Ifrustration解析 关键词重现题。根据词性，此处应当填入名词。根据下文“
44、there is annoyance and frustration at being beaten by the computer”，对应空格处的“ -|_|- and anger”，故可推断答案为frustration。解析：Lintense解析 语义题。根据词性，此处应当填入形容词修饰concentration。根据语义判断此处应当指注意力高度集中，故答案为intense“强烈的；剧烈的；极度的”。Whales, several species of which face extinction, have become subjects of considerable sympathy.
45、 These are the recorded voices of whales. These monstrous creatures have been trumpeting their songs, one to another, in the worlds oceans since the 11 of time, while overhead, great 12 and civilizations have come and gone. Now, their time of decline has come. It began a long time ago. Four-thousand
46、-year-old rock carvings show that the people who lived in what is now Norway were probably the first to seek out and kill whales in the sea. By around 890 AD, 3,000 years later, the 13 had spread to the Basque people of France and Spain, who 14 whales from boats in the Bay of Biscay. In the centurie
47、s that followed, Whaling became an important industry in Denmark, England, Germany, the Netherlands, and, finally, in what would become America. Whaling went into dramatic 15 , beginning around 1900. Today, whales are hunted commercially only by Norway, Iceland and Japan. The worlds 16 with them, ho
48、wever, is at an all-time high, because so few of them are left. Given their 17 history. Richard Ellis writes about whales, takes pictures of whales in the open sea, and 18 whales stranded on the beach. He says its a 20-year 19 that began in the mid-1960s, when he designed a model of a great blue for
49、 the Museum of Natural History in New York. As I began to do the research. I realized that nobody knew anything about whales. And I couldnt really find any pictures of what they looked like: all I could find was pictures of dead whales. And I became very excited at the prospect of doing what seemed to be original research on som
