1、专业英语四级-161及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Early in the film A Beautiful Mind, the 1 John Nash is seen sitting in a Princeton courtyard, hunched over a playing board covered with small black and white pieces that look like pebbles. He was playing Go, an ancient Asian game. Frustrat
2、ion at losing that game 2 the real Nash to pursue the mathematics of game theory, research for which he eventually was awarded a Nobel Prize. In recent years, computer experts, particularly those specializing in 3 intelligence, have felt the same fascination and 4 . Programming other board games has
3、 been a relative snap. Even chess has 5 to the power of the processor. Ten years ago, a chess-playing computer called Deep Blue not only beat but 6 humbled Garry Kasparov, the world champion at that time. That is because chess, while 7 complex, can be reduced to a matter of brute force computation.
4、Go is different. Deceptively easy to learn, either for a computer or a human, it is a game of such 8 and complexity that it can take years for a person to become a strong player. To date, no computer has been able to achieve a skill level beyond that of the casual player. The game is played on a boa
5、rd divided into a grid of 19 horizontal and 19 vertical lines. Black and white pieces called stones are placed one at a time on the grids intersections. The object is to acquire and 9 territory by surrounding it with stones. Programmers working on Go see it as more accurate than chess in reflecting
6、the ways the human mind works. The challenge of programming a computer to mimic that process goes to the core of artificial intelligence, which involves the study of learning and decision-making, 10 thinking, knowledge representation, pattern recognition and perhaps most intriguingly, intuition. A.
7、highly B. pushed C. mathematician D. thoroughly E. strategic F. frustration G. succumbed H. inspired I. artificial J. grand K. depth L. occupy M. profound N. defend O. obsession（分数：25.00）Considering how jazz is transcribed in Chinese (jueshi), you may be 11 into assuming that it is an aristocratic c
8、ultural form. Nothing could be further from the truth. It 12 among black Americans at the end of the 19th century, at a time when they occupied the very 3 of the American social heap. So how has something that was created by a once downtrodden and 13 minority acquired a central place in todays Ameri
9、can culture? Mr. Darrell A Jenks, director of the American Center for Educational Exchange, and also a drummer in the jazz band Window, analyses the phenomenon for us here. Jazz: the 14 of America. Perhaps the essence of America is that you could never get two Americans to agree on just what that mi
10、ght be. After thinking about it for a while, we might, chuckle and say, Hmm, seems like being American is a bit more complicated than we thought. Certainly things like 15 , success (the American Dream ), innovation and tolerance stand out. But these things come together because of our ability to wor
11、k with one another and find common purpose no matter how we might be 16 Some, like African-American writer Ralph Ellison, believe that jazz 17 the essence of America. For good reason, for in jazz all of the characteristics I mentioned above come together. The solos are a celebration of individual br
12、illiance that cant take place without the group efforts of the rhythm section. Beyond that, though, jazz has a connection to the essence of America in a much more fundamental 18 . It is an expression of the African 19 of American culture, a musical medium that exemplifies the culture of the Africans
13、 whose culture came to dominate much of what is American. A. diverse B. distinctive C. bottom D. trapped E. soul F. way G. misled H. captures I. despised J. originated K. culture L. individualism M. roots N. top O. acquires（分数：25.00）Sign has become a scientific hot 21 . Only in the past 20 years hav
14、e specialists in language study realized that signed languages are uniquea speech of the hand. They offer a new way to 22 how the brain generates and understands language, and 23 new light on an old scientific 24 : whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born with, or it is
15、 a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has 25 in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D.C., the worlds only liberal arts university for deaf people. When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school 26 him in a course in si
16、gning. But Stokoe noticed something 27 : among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher. Stokoe had been taught a sort of gesture code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. But Stokoe believed the hand talk his students used looked richer. He wondered:
17、 Might deaf people actually have a(n) 28 language? And could that language be unlike any other on Earth? It was 1955, when even deaf people 29 their signing as substandard. Stokoes idea was academic heresy (异端邪说). It is 37 years later. Stokoenow devoting his time to writing and editing books on ASLi
18、s explaining how he started a 30 . For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese. A. controversy B. dig C. dismissed D. genuine E. probe F. revolution G. spot H. roots I. throw J. odd K. real L. considered M. button N. origins O.
19、enrolled（分数：25.00）For many years it was common in the United States to associate Chinese Americans with restaurants and laundries. People did not realize that the Chinese had been 31 into these occupations. The first Chinese to reach the United States came during the California Gold Rush of 1849. Li
20、ke most of the other people there, they had come to search for gold. In that 32 unoccupied land, the men 33 a claim for themselves by placing makers in the ground. However, either because the Chinese were so different from the others or because they worked so patiently that they sometimes succeeded
21、in turning a 34 worthless mining claim into a profitable one, they became the scapegoats of their envious competitor. They were 35 in many ways. Often they were prevented from working their claims; some localities even passed regulations forbidding them to own 36 . The Chinese therefore started to s
22、eek out other ways of earning a living. Some of them began to do the 37 for the white miners; others set up small restaurants. (There were almost no women in California in those days, and the Chinese filled a real need by doing this womans work.) Some went to work as farmhands or as fishermen. Chine
23、se Americans retain many aspects of their ancient culture, even after having lived here for several generations. For example, their family ties continue to be 38 strong (encompassing grandparents, uncles, aunts, cousins, and others). Members of the family lend each other 39 support and also practica
24、l help when necessary. From a very young age children are imbued with the old values and attitudes, including respect for their elders and a feeling of responsibility to the family. This helps to explain why there is so 40 juvenile delinquency among them. A1ittle Bsevere Cmoral Ddriven Estaked Fforc
25、ed Gsurprisingly Hfarming I1argely J1aundry Kharassed Lclaims Mremarkably Nseemingly Ofinancial（分数：25.00）专业英语四级-161答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Early in the film A Beautiful Mind, the 1 John Nash is seen sitting in a Princeton courtyard, hunched over a playing board covered with
26、 small black and white pieces that look like pebbles. He was playing Go, an ancient Asian game. Frustration at losing that game 2 the real Nash to pursue the mathematics of game theory, research for which he eventually was awarded a Nobel Prize. In recent years, computer experts, particularly those
27、specializing in 3 intelligence, have felt the same fascination and 4 . Programming other board games has been a relative snap. Even chess has 5 to the power of the processor. Ten years ago, a chess-playing computer called Deep Blue not only beat but 6 humbled Garry Kasparov, the world champion at th
28、at time. That is because chess, while 7 complex, can be reduced to a matter of brute force computation. Go is different. Deceptively easy to learn, either for a computer or a human, it is a game of such 8 and complexity that it can take years for a person to become a strong player. To date, no compu
29、ter has been able to achieve a skill level beyond that of the casual player. The game is played on a board divided into a grid of 19 horizontal and 19 vertical lines. Black and white pieces called stones are placed one at a time on the grids intersections. The object is to acquire and 9 territory by
30、 surrounding it with stones. Programmers working on Go see it as more accurate than chess in reflecting the ways the human mind works. The challenge of programming a computer to mimic that process goes to the core of artificial intelligence, which involves the study of learning and decision-making,
31、10 thinking, knowledge representation, pattern recognition and perhaps most intriguingly, intuition. A. highly B. pushed C. mathematician D. thoroughly E. strategic F. frustration G. succumbed H. inspired I. artificial J. grand K. depth L. occupy M. profound N. defend O. obsession（分数：25.00）解析：Cmathe
32、matician解析 上下文题。初步判断此处应当填入形容词，选项中仅有inspired可修饰人物，但没有上下文提示John Nash收到任何事件的启示，故需要考虑到此处也可以填入表示同位语的名词，根据下文“pursue the mathematics of game theory”可见他是一个数学家，故答案为mathematician。解析：Hinspired解析 词义辨析题。根据词性，此处应当填入动词，且后可跟不定式“to pursue”。故可选范围为“push, inspire”。push sb. to do sth.表示“敦促某人”，inspire sb. to to sth.表示“激励
33、、启发某人”。此处是Nash感到挫败后受到启迪用数学方式去研究围棋，而不是受到外来力量的敦促，故选inspired。解析：Iartificial解析 习惯搭配题。根据词性，此处应当填入形容词。上文句子主语为computer experts，可见他们的研究方向与电脑有关，电脑术语中的常用词组为artificial intelligence“人工智能”，与下文的“深蓝”电脑举例相符。解析：Ffrustration解析 上下文题。根据词性，此处应当填入名词。根据“fascination and -|_|-”的结构可推测此处应当表示人的感受，可选范围为“frustration, obsession”，
34、此处的“the same”一词提示他们的感受与Nash相同，故根据上文“Frustration at losing that game”可得答案。解析：Gsuccumbed解析 上下文题。根据词性，此处应当填入动词的完成时态。根据下文可见电脑“深蓝”轻松打败象棋冠军，故此处表示“国际象棋也在功能强劲的处理器面前屈服”，故答案为succumbed。解析：Dthoroughly解析 语义题。根据词性，此处应当填入副词，可选范围为“highly, thoroughly”。此处humble与beat是近义词，表示“轻松击败”，因此可选的副词中能够修饰“击败”的只有thoroughly“彻底地”。解析：
35、Ahighly解析 语义题。根据词性，此处应当填入副词，可选范围为“highly, thoroughly”。此处副词修饰complex，因此可选的副词中能够修饰“击败”的只有highly。解析：Kdepth解析 上下文题。根据词性，此处应当填入名词。此处空格与complexity形成并列，故从语义上判断应当填入complexity的近义词，在可选范围内符合文意的仅有depth。解析：Ndefend解析 逻辑题。根据词性，此处应当填入动词。此处空格与acquire形成并列行为，可选范围为“occupy, defend”，但是occupy与acquire是近义词，defend与acquire是反义
36、词。根据逻辑常识，下棋中强调“一攻一防”，故最佳答案为defend。解析：Estrategic解析 语义题。根据词性，此处应当填入形容词，与thinking构成研究的对象。在可选的形容词范围内可修饰thinking的最佳答案为strategic。Considering how jazz is transcribed in Chinese (jueshi), you may be 11 into assuming that it is an aristocratic cultural form. Nothing could be further from the truth. It 12 amo
37、ng black Americans at the end of the 19th century, at a time when they occupied the very 3 of the American social heap. So how has something that was created by a once downtrodden and 13 minority acquired a central place in todays American culture? Mr. Darrell A Jenks, director of the American Cente
38、r for Educational Exchange, and also a drummer in the jazz band Window, analyses the phenomenon for us here. Jazz: the 14 of America. Perhaps the essence of America is that you could never get two Americans to agree on just what that might be. After thinking about it for a while, we might, chuckle a
39、nd say, Hmm, seems like being American is a bit more complicated than we thought. Certainly things like 15 , success (the American Dream ), innovation and tolerance stand out. But these things come together because of our ability to work with one another and find common purpose no matter how we migh
40、t be 16 Some, like African-American writer Ralph Ellison, believe that jazz 17 the essence of America. For good reason, for in jazz all of the characteristics I mentioned above come together. The solos are a celebration of individual brilliance that cant take place without the group efforts of the r
41、hythm section. Beyond that, though, jazz has a connection to the essence of America in a much more fundamental 18 . It is an expression of the African 19 of American culture, a musical medium that exemplifies the culture of the Africans whose culture came to dominate much of what is American. A. div
42、erse B. distinctive C. bottom D. trapped E. soul F. way G. misled H. captures I. despised J. originated K. culture L. individualism M. roots N. top O. acquires（分数：25.00）解析：Gmisled解析 词义辨析题。根据词性，此处应当填入动词的被动态，且可与into搭配使用。选项中符合要求的有“trapped, misled”。be trapped into doing sth.表示“受骗上当去做某事”，侧重主观上的刻意欺骗。be mi
43、sled into doing sth.表示“被误导”，侧重误解，不存在对方的故意欺骗。而此处指Jazz翻译到中文“爵士乐”从而使人产生误解，不存在故意欺骗的成分，故选misled。解析：Joriginated解析 上下文题。根据词性，此处应当填入动词的过去式，可选范围为“trapped, despised, originated”。从上下文可推测此处表示“爵士乐源于19世纪末的美国黑人”，故答案为originated。解析：Cbottom解析 词组固定搭配题。根据词性，此处应当填入形容词。at the bosom of the heap/at the top of the heap“身处底层
44、/身处高层”。上文指出Jazz被译为爵士乐是“Nothing could be further from the truth.”可见黑人绝不是“爵士”贵族，而是在社会底层，故答案为bottom。解析：Idespised解析 上下文题。根据词性，此处应当填入形容词。此处空格与downtrodden“被践踏的”构成并列，应当填入意思相近的词，形容词中符合要求的贬义词只有despised。解析：Esoul解析 词义辨析题。根据词性，此处应当填入名词。从语义上判断可选范围为“culture, soul”，但Jazz is the culture of America“爵士乐是美国文化”从逻辑上来说并不
45、准确，因为一种音乐不能代表一种文化，而只能是文化的一部分。同时根据下文“.jazz has a connection to the essence of America.”，可见爵士不仅是美国文化的一部分，更是美国的本质特征，所以接近的词汇应当是soul。解析：Lindividualism解析 上下文题。根据词性，此处应当填入名词，且该名词与success, innovation, tolerance形成并列。由此可见此处应当是表示某一美国特质的名词，可选范围中仅individualism符合。解析：Adiverse解析 逻辑题。根据词性，此处应当填入形容词。此句中no matter表示让步，
46、表示“无论我们，我们都可以找到共同的目标”，空格中的形容词与“共同目标”相对，故最佳答案为diverse。解析：Hcaptures解析 词义辨析题。根据词性，此处应当填入动词。且根据句子语法可判断应当填入动词现在时的第三人称单数，故可选范围为“captures, acquires”。两词都有“获取”之意，但前者有“代表(特点)；表现，体现(感情、气氛)”的含义，如Chef Idris Caldora offers an inspired menu that captures the spirit of the Mediterranean.“厨师伊德里斯卡尔多拉开出一份富有地中海特色的菜单，让人
47、眼前一亮。”而acquire更强调“通过后天的努力获取知识、技能”。故此处答案为captures。解析：Fway解析 词组固定搭配题。根据词性，此处应当填入名词，且与介词in构成搭配。in a .way表示以某种方式，此处表示“爵士乐还在更基本的层面与美国的精髓有着联系”。解析：Mroots解析 上下文题。根据词性，此处应当填入名词。此处为文章结尾，呼应开篇。根据文章开篇可知，爵士乐起源于非洲黑人，因此它代表了美国文化中的非洲根源。Sign has become a scientific hot 21 . Only in the past 20 years have specialists i
48、n language study realized that signed languages are uniquea speech of the hand. They offer a new way to 22 how the brain generates and understands language, and 23 new light on an old scientific 24 : whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born with, or it is a learned beha
49、vior. The current interest in sign language has 25 in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D.C., the worlds only liberal arts university for deaf people. When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school 26 him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something 27 : amon
