1、专业英语四级-152及答案解析 (总分：99.90，做题时间：90分钟)一、READING COMPREHENSIO(总题数：2，分数：100.00)Section A Multiple-Choice Questions Text A The many hours children spend indoors playing computer games or watching television may be to blame for a resurgence of rickets. Scientists say that rickets is becoming disturbingly
2、common among British children. The disease is caused by chronic vitamin D deficiencies, which can be triggered by long periods out of natural sunlight and a poor diet. Writing in the British Medical Journal, Professor Simon Pearce and Tim Cheetham, of Newcastle University, called for milk and other
3、food products to be supplemented with vitamin D in an attempt to counteract the problem. Vitamin D is produced naturally when the skin is exposed to sunlight, and is also found in a small number of foods, including oily fish, liver and egg yolks. Recent studies show that incidence of rickets, a dise
4、ase previously linked with poverty in Victorian Britain or malnutrition in the developing world, is increasing. More than 20 new cases are discovered every year in Newcastle alone. Children with rickets do not grow properly and can develop bow legs. Professor Pearce said: Kids tend to stay indoors m
5、ore these days and play on their computers instead of enjoying the fresh air. This means their vitamin D levels are worse than in previous years. Dr. Cheetham, a senior lecturer in paediatric endocrinology, added: I am dismayed by the increasing numbers of children we are treating with this entirely
6、 preventable condition. Fifty years ago many children would have been given regular doses of cod liver oil, but this practice has all but died out. Vitamin D deficiency has also been linked to cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancers and the weakening of bones in adults. Half of all adults i
7、n Britain are estimated to suffer Vitamin D deficiency in the winter and springone in six severely so, with the problem worse in Scotland and the North of England. Asian populations and individuals who cover much of their skin for religious reasons are also at increased risk. Professor Pearce added:
8、 We believe that a more robust approach to statutory food supplementation with vitamin D, for example in milk, is needed in the UK, as this measure has already been introduced successfully in many other countries in similar parts of the world. The Food Standards Agency has resisted calls for mandato
9、ry supplementation, insisting that most people should be able to get all the vitamin D they need from their diet and by getting a little sun. It advises pregnant or breastfeeding women, and people over 60 to take 10 micrograms of vitamin D each day. Taking 25 micrograms or less of vitamin D suppleme
10、nts a day is unlikely to cause any harm, it says. A study of 520,000 people from ten European countries, including Britain, has suggested that vitamin D supplements could also cut the risk of developing bowel cancer by 40 per cent. The research, led by Mazda Jenab, of the International Agency for Re
11、search on Cancer in France, confirmed the findings of earlier studies, which found that high blood levels of the vitamin were associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer. However, the researchers said that it was unclear whether taking vitamin D supplements would provide better protection agai
12、nst developing cancer than the average levels that can be achieved with a balanced diet combined with regular exposure to sunlight. Text B What causes a sore throat? Many things can cause a sore throat. These causes include infections with viruses or bacteria and allergies. You should see your docto
13、r right away if you have a sore throat with a high fever, if you have problems breathing or swallowing, or if you feel very faint. If you have a sore throat and a fever, but you just feel mildly ill, you should visit your doctor within the next day or two. How does the doctor decide if I need antibi
14、otics? The decision to prescribe antibiotics might be based only on your history and physical exam. Antibiotics usually are prescribed only for patients who might have strep throat, an infection caused by a bacteria called Streptococcus. A patient with strep throat might have a sore throat with feve
15、r that starts suddenly, without a cough or cold symptoms. Strep throat is very common in children from 5 to 12 years of age. The exam might show a red throat, with pus on the tonsils and swollen neck glands. If you have these signs, the doctor may do other tests to see if you need an antibiotic. Why
16、 not just give everyone antibiotics? Antibiotics have a small risk of causing an allergic reaction every time they are given. Some of these reactions are serious. Antibiotics can also cause other side effects, such as an upset stomach or diarrhea. An even more serious problem is that bacteria can be
17、come resistant to antibiotics if these medicines are used frequently in a lot of people. Then antibiotics wouldnt be able to cure peoples illnesses. To prevent this from happening, doctors try to prescribe antibiotics only when they will help. Antibiotics only help when sore throat is caused by bact
18、eria. Antibiotics dont help when sore throat is due to viruses, which are the cause of the common cold. If my doctor doesnt give me antibiotics, what can I do to feel better? It will take several days for you to feel better, no matter what kind of sore throat you have. You can do several things to h
19、elp your symptoms. If you have a fever or muscle aches, you can take a pain reliever like acetaminophen (Tylenol), aspirin or ibuprofen (Advil). Your doctor can tell you which pain reliever will work best for you. Cough drops or throat sprays may help your sore throat. Sometimes gargling with warm s
20、alt water helps. Soft cold foods, such as ice cream and popsicles, often are easier to eat. Be sure to rest and to drink lots of water or other clear liquids , such as Sprite or 7-Up. Dont drink drinks that have caffeine in them (coffee, tea, colas or other sodas). Should I be concerned about any ot
21、her symptoms that occur after I visit my doctor? Sometimes symptoms change during the course of an illness. Visit your doctor again if you have any of the following problems: Fever that does not go away in five days Throat pain that gets so bad you cant swallow Inability to open your mouth wide A fa
22、inting feeling when you stand up Any other signs or symptoms that concern you Text C Antonio Sanz might as well have won the lottery. In 1965, when the small, curly-haired Spaniard was 10, an American professor asked his parents if she might take the boy to the U.S. and enroll him in public school.
23、They agreed. America seemed to offer a brighter future than the dairy farms where his father worked in the foothills north of Madrid. Sanz left, but came back to Spain every summer with stories from Philadelphia and boxes of New World artifacts: Super Balls, baseball cards, and Bob Dylan records. Hi
24、s real prize, though, was English. Sanz learned fast, and by senior year he outscored most of his classmates in the verbal section of the Scholastic Aptitude Test. In those days, back in his hometown of Colmenar Viejo, English seemed so exotic that kids would stop him on the street and ask him to sa
25、y a few sentences. By the time he graduated from Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., and moved back to Spain, American companies there were nearly as excited. He landed in Procter & Gamble Co. Sanz, now 46 and a father of three, employs his Philadelphia English as an executive at Vodafone PLC in Madr
26、id. But something funny has happened to his second language. These days, English is no longer special, or odd, or even foreign. In Paris, Dsseldorf, Madrid, and even in the streets of Colmenar Viejo, English has put down roots. What else can we all speak? Sanz asks. English is firmly entrenched near
27、ly everywhere as the international language of business, finance, and technology. But in Europe, its spreading far beyond the elites. Indeed, English is becoming the binding agent of a continent, linking Finns to French and Portuguese as they move toward political and economic unification. A common
28、language is crucial, says Tito Boeri, a business professor at Bocconi University in Milan, to take advantage of Europes integrated labor market. English, in short, is Europes language. And while some adults are slow to embrace this, its clear as day for European children. If I want to speak to a Fre
29、nch person, I have to speak in English, says Ivo Rowekamp, an 11-year-old in Heidelberg, Germany. The implications for business are enormous. Its no longer just top executives who need to speak English. Everyone in the corporate food chain is feeling the pressure to learn a common tongue as companie
30、s globalize and democratize. These days in formerly national companies such as Renault and BMW, managers, engineers, even leading blue-collar workers are constantly calling and e-mailing colleagues and customers in Europe, the U.S., and Japan. The language usually is English, an industrial tool now
31、as basic as the screwdriver. While English is fast becoming a Prereq for landing a good job in Europe, only 41% of the people on the Continent speak itand only 29% speak it well enough to carry on a conversation, according to a European Commission report. The result is an English gap, one that divid
32、es Europes haves from its have-nots. In the 19th and 20th centuries, Europeans brought peasants into the workforce by teaching them to read and write the national language. These days, the equivalent challenge is to master Europes international language. Those that failcountries, companies, and indi
33、viduals alikerisk falling far behind.（分数：49.95）(1).Vitamin D can be founded in all the following substances EXCEPT _. (Text A)（分数：3.33）A.sunlightB.oily fishC.liverD.egg yolks(2).The researchers believe that _. (Text A)（分数：3.33）A.taking Vitamin D supplements is better than keeping a balanced dietB.vi
34、tamin D supplements can reduce the risk of developing bowel cancerC.the findings are not consistent with previous studiesD.high blood levels of the vitamin will cause colorectal cancer(3).In Paragraph 6, mandatory can be replaced by _. (Text A)（分数：3.33）A.voluntaryB.compulsoryC.on-demandD.legal(4).Wh
35、ich is NOT a common side effect of taking antibiotics? (Text B)（分数：3.33）A.Upset stomach.B.Diarrhea.C.Sleepiness.D.Allergic reaction.(5).Which of the following is NOT recommendd to make a sore throat feel better? (Text B)（分数：3.33）A.Cough drops.B.Drinking plenty of water.C.Drinking coffee and tea.D.Ga
36、rgling with salt water.(6).If you have seen your doctor once for your symptoms, you should see him or her again if _. (Text B)（分数：3.33）A.you have throat pain that gets so bad that you cant swallowB.you have a fainting feeling when you stand upC.you have a fever that does not go away in five daysD.an
37、y of the above symptoms occur(7).Which of the following statements is TRUE according to this passage? (Text B)（分数：3.33）A.Antibiotics will cure any sore throat.B.The common cold is caused by a bacteria.C.You should see your doctor at the first sign of a sore throat.D.Taking antibiotics too much can b
38、e a bad idea.(8).Tito Boeri _. (Text C)（分数：3.33）A.is against the spread of English in EuropeB.thinks economy will benefit if workers speak the same languageC.is critical about having a common language in EuropeD.would like to employ workers who can speak English(9).Which of the following is NOT true
39、? (Text C)（分数：3.33）A.Adults are better learners of English than children are.B.Some blue-collar workers are also using English in their daily communications.C.Top executives are expected to have English proficiency.D.Globalization encourages more people to learn English.(10).In Europe, _. (Text C)（分
40、数：3.33）A.the majority can speak EnglishB.English is becoming a necessity for job huntersC.companies rather than countries are promoting English as a common languageD.half of the population can dialogue in good English(11).Section B Short Answer Questions According to the scientists, what causes the
41、common occurrence of rickets among children? (Text A)（分数：3.33）_(12).What does the word so refer to in Paragraph 4? (Text A)（分数：3.33）_(13).What is strep throat? (Text B)（分数：3.33）_(14).Why is the story of Antonio Sanz mentioned at the beginning? (Text C)（分数：3.33）_(15).According to the passage, why did
42、 some kids stop Sanz on the street? (Text C)（分数：3.33）_Section A Multiple-Choice Questions Text A When people hear that Im writing an article about deception, theyre quick to tell me how to catch a liar. Liars always look to the left, several friends say; liars always cover their mouths, says a man s
43、itting next to me on a plane. Beliefs about how lying looks are plentiful and often contradictory: depending on whom you choose to believe, liars can be detected because they fidget a lot, hold very still, cross their legs, cross their arms, look up, look down, make eye contact or fail to make eye c
44、ontact. Charles Bond, a psychologist at Texas Christian University, reported that among 2,520 adults surveyed in 63 countries, more than 70 percent believe that liars tend to avert their gazes. The majority also believe that liars squirm, stutter, touch or scratch themselves or tell longer stories t
45、han usual. The liar stereotype exists in just about every culture, Bond wrote, and its persistence would be less puzzling if we had more reason to imagine that it was true. What is true, instead, is that there are as many ways to lie as there are liars; theres no such thing as a dead giveaway. Most
46、people think theyre good at spotting liars, but studies show otherwise. A very small minority of people, probably fewer than 5 percent, seem to have some innate ability to sniff out deception with accuracy. But in general, even professional lie-catchers, like judges and customs officials, perform, w
47、hen tested, at a level not much better than chance. In other words, even the experts would have been right almost as often if they had just flipped a coin. In the middle of the war on terrorism, the federal government is not willing to settle for 50-50 odds . Unfortunately, most of the devices now available, like the polygraph, detect not the lie but anxiety about the lie. The polygraph measures physiological respons
