1、专业英语四级-110及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)People have been painting pictures for at least 30,000 years. The earliest pictures were painted by people who hunted animals. They used to paint pictures of the animals they wanted to catch and kill. Pictures of this kind have been fou
2、nd on the walls of caves in France and Spain. No one knows why they were painted there. Perhaps the painters thought that theft pictures would help them to catch these animals. Or perhaps human beings have always wanted to tell stories in pictures. About 5,000 years ago the Egyptians and other peopl
3、e in the Near East began to use pictures as a kind of writing. They drew simple pictures or signs to represent things and ideas, and also to represent the sounds of their language. The signs these people used became a kind of alphabet. The Egyptians used to record information and to tell stories by
4、putting picture-writing and pictures together. When an important person died, scenes and stories from his life were painted and carved on the walls of the place where he was buried. Some of these pictures are like modem comic-strip (连环漫画) stories. It has been said that Egypt is the home of the comic
5、 strip. But, for the Egyptians, pictures still had magic power. So they did not try to make their way of writing simple. The ordinary people could not understand it. By the year 1,000 BC, people who lived in the area around the Mediterranean Sea had developed a simpler system of writing. The signs t
6、hey used were very easy to write, and there were fewer of them than in the Egyptian system. This was because each sign, or letter, represented only one sound in their language. The Greeks developed this system and formed the letters of the Greek alphabet. The Romans copied the idea, and the Roman al
7、phabet is now used all over the world. These days, we can write down a story, or record information, without using pictures. But we still need pictures of all kinds: drawings, photographs, signs and diagrams. We find them everywhere: in books and newspapers, in the street, and on the walls of the pl
8、aces where we live and work. Pictures help us to understand and remember things more easily, and they can make a story much more interesting.（分数：20.00）(1).Pictures of animals were painted on the walls of caves in France and Spain because _.（分数：5.00）A.the hunters wanted to see the picturesB.the paint
9、ers were animal loversC.the painters wanted to show imaginationD.the pictures were thought to be helpful(2).The Greek alphabet was simpler than the Egyptian system for all the following reasons EXCEPT that _.（分数：5.00）A.the former was easy to writeB.there were fewer signs in the formerC.the former wa
10、s easy to pronounceD.each sign stood for only one sound(3).Which of the following statements is TRUE?（分数：5.00）A.The Egyptian signs later became a particular alphabet.B.The Egyptians liked to write comic-strip stories.C.The Roman alphabet was developed from the Egyptian one.D.The Greeks copied their
11、writing system from the Egyptians.(4).In the last paragraph, the author thinks that pictures _.（分数：5.00）A.should be made comprehensibleB.should be made interestingC.are of much use in our lifeD.are disappearing from our life三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)When the United Nations and world leaders made un
12、iversal primary education one of their eight millennium development goals, more than 100 million children were not in school. They aimed to bring that number down to zero by 2015. This week, marking the halfway point, ministers, donors, and others are meeting in Dakar to assess their progress. Ronal
13、d Siebes is co-president of the US-based Fast Track Initiative, an organization aimed at channeling extra funding from partners including the World Bank, the United Nations, and the European Union to the poorest countries to help them achieve the education goals. We are really making progress, he sa
14、id. There are huge challenges, but progress is being made to achieve this important goal. After a slow start in the 32 countries funded by the Fast Track Initiative, their annual report says by 2010 most will have 100 percent of kids starting first grade. An official with the same organization, Desm
15、ond Bermingham, says countries in Africa, whether funded by the Fast Track Initiative or not, are making progress. I would say the most critical issue is that the governments are making education a priority, he said. It is a political will issue and they are really making very rapid progress. They h
16、ave got a lot of catching up to do. They are moving faster than any region has ever moved before. But he says part of the reason is that West Africa had the farthest to go. In some countries in the region, more than three-quarters of school-age children do not attend school. Birmingham says several
17、countries are putting measures in place to block corruption in the education sector, rampant in many African countries. Where it is working really well is where there is a very short accountability line between the school and the parents, he noted. They have a really strong interest in making sure t
18、he money is used properly. Several countries are now introducing systems of publishing the school budget in the newspapers or even on the door of the school. Uganda is one of them, Kenya is one of them, and Niger has introduced a similar system. But Lucia Fry, of the South Africa-based Global Campai
19、gn for Education, says if progress continues at the current pace, it will be impossible to meet the development goals by 2015. She says aid falls far short of what is needed. Overall, we need another $6 billion US per year just to get every child to complete a primary cycle of education, she explain
20、ed. And she says too much emphasis is being put on enrolling kids in school without ensuring that they stay long enough to finish. Although primary enrollment has risen we have also got in 50 countries worldwide, less than half of all children worldwide complete primary school, she added. And she sa
21、ys there is still a long way to go to address the needs of children on the margins, including those with handicaps, who live in conflict zones, or who work to support their families.（分数：20.00）(1).How many years does the United Nations spend bringing the number of children unable to go to school down
22、 to zero?（分数：4.00）A.14 years.B.15 years.C.16 years.D.20 years.(2).The US-based Fast Track Initiative _ to aid the poorest countries to help them achieve the education goals.（分数：4.00）A.invests in some projects of their partners and gains the benefitsB.makes initiatives aiming at financial support fro
23、m their partnersC.asks their partners to provide low-interest loansD.exploits new donations of their partners.(3).The word most (Para. 3) refers to the most of _.（分数：4.00）A.the 32 countriesB.all countriesC.countries taking part in the United NationsD.the poorest countries(4).Which of the following i
24、s INCORRECT according to the passage?（分数：4.00）A.Government plays an important role on the issue of children education.B.The education condition of West Africa is the worst in the world.C.Countries funded by the Fast Track Initiative have much greater improvement on the issue of children education th
25、an those without funding.D.Corruption blocks the development of education.(5).What can we learn from the passage?（分数：4.00）A.Corruption contributes to the underdevelopment of education in West Africa as well as the lack of funding.B.Most parents dont care about the education budget in Africa.C.The mo
26、st important task at present is to enroll all school-age children into schools.D.West African countries call for financial supports to aid children to go to school until completing higher education.四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)A conventional teachers license usually requires a university degree in edu
27、cation plus an unpaid term of practice teaching. This has never made much sense. It excludes bright students who take degrees in other subjects, and might teach those subjects; it is cosily and time-consuming for career-switchers, who must wait a year or more before they can enter a classroom; it is
28、 so rigid that private-school teachers or university professors with years of experience have to jump through hoops before they can start teaching in a state school. And there is virtually no evidence that it creates better teachers. For all that, it is strongly backed by schools of education, which
29、 have a monopoly of teacher-training, and by teachers unions, whose members make more money when it is artificially hard for others to get into the profession. Now, some 45 states and the Districts of Columbia offer an alternative route to a teachers license, up from only a handful in the 1980s. Alt
30、ernative certification (AC) generally allows individuals with a university degree to begin teaching immediately after passing an entrance examination. These recruits, watched over by a mentor teach the subject they studied at university, and take education courses at a sponsoring university while dr
31、awing their salaries. The traditional sort of American teacher is likely to be young, white and female. Alternative certification attracts more men and more non-whites. In Texas, for instance, roughly 90% of public-school teachers are white, but 40% of those who have joined through alternative certi
32、fication are non-whites. The AC route also draws teachers willing to go where they are most needed. A survey of Troops to Teachers, a program that turns ex-soldiers into public-school teachers (Proud to serve again), found that 39% of those taking part are willing to teach in inner-city schools, and
33、 68% in rural areas. Are they good teachers? Officialdom is reluctant to release the details which might answer that question for certain. But anecdotal evidence suggests they do well. In New Jersey, which has been running this sort of program since 1984, rich districts, which can afford to be choos
34、y, consistently hire more AC teachers than poor districts do. In Houston, Texas, where the Teach of America program (TFA) puts recent university graduates into poor communities as teachers, the most effective teachers are generally the TFA ones. School principals are our biggest fans, Wendy Kopp, TF
35、As president, says proudly. So why not scrap the cumbersome teacher-licensing laws? Frederick Hess, a professor at the University of Virginia, has written a paper for the Progressive Policy Institute arguing that teacher-licensing ought to be stripped to the bare essentials. Prospective teachers sho
36、uld be required only to hold a college degree, pass a test of essential skills, and be checked to make sure they do not have a criminal background. Other training is important, argues Mr. Hess, but the market, not state legislators, should decide what that training looks like. This notion of competi
37、tive certification has drawn favorable attention from the Bush admires tration.（分数：20.00）(1).How does the author feel about the conventional teachers training?（分数：4.00）A.Ridiculous.B.Unjust.C.Complicated.D.Irrelevant.(2).Which of the following is TRUE of alternative certification (AC)?（分数：4.00）A.Man
38、y states have offered it since the 1980s.B.Schools of education and teachers unions opposed it.C.AC offers a flexible training program for new teachers.D.New recruits will require a university degree in education.(3).What has changed since the introduction of AC?（分数：4.00）A.Schools now have more male
39、 than female teachers.B.Non-whites account for 40% of Texass school teachers.C.AC has turned a number of soldiers into teachers.D.The percentage of teachers willing to work in inner city has risen.(4).What does the example of New Jersey (Para. 4) illustrate?（分数：4.00）A.Schools in rich districts are u
40、sually choosy.B.Official sources are careful on the success of AC.C.New Jersey has more need for teachers than elsewhere.D.AC has turned out good teachers for schools.(5).By calling for competitive certification (Para. 5), the author seems to suggest that _.（分数：4.00）A.teacher-licensing be simplified
41、B.education be operated like a marketC.unified education standard be scrappedD.entry for prospective teachers be made easy五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)People who work in the theatre are very superstitious, and there are a number of unusual superstitions connected with the theatre. Many actors carry a
42、lucky charma coin, perhaps a doll. This charm is usually one which brought the actor success early in his career, and he always puts it on his dressing-table among his make-up and good-luck messages. Other actors choose articles of clothing for their mascot. Many dancers have a ballet shoe which bel
43、onged to another dancer whom they admire. The American actor Glenn Ford always wore as his mascot a blue and red neck-tie bought with his very first pay packet when he was employed as a juvenile lead. The singer Frankie Vaughan will never travel without his lucky silver-topped cane. The dressing-roo
44、m has a set of superstitions all of its own. Many actors have a very precise way of setting out their make-up, and will not alter the position of one single object. Shoes must never be placed on the dressing-table, as this will certainly bring bad luck to the player and the production. It is most un
45、lucky for one actor to look over the shoulder of another who is looking into the mirror, as a double reflection is linked to the old fear of being watched by the evil eye. You must never whistle in the dressing-room. If by mistake you do, the bad luck can be avoided if you immediately leave the room
46、, turn around three times in an anticlockwise direction, swear vilely, and knock on the door. People in the room may then give you permission to re-enter. This superstition dates back to the seventeenth-century belief about evil witches, who could whistle up an unfavourable wind, i.e. the failure of
47、 the play! There is a common belief among the actors that a bad dress rehearsal means a good first night. This comes from an ancient idea that it is unwise to complete any progress as it might cause a reaction from the gods. For this same reason, the very last line of a play is never spoken during t
48、he rehearsal. Certain plays have always had bad luck, and it is quite tree that misfortunes have often followed such productions. Shakespeares Macbeth is always considered to be a dangerously unlucky play. In Shakespeares time, the witches song was seen as having the power of a real curse. Even today, many actors are reluctant to take part in the production of Macbeth as they are afraid that it will bring danger and will not even call the play by its name. Usually actors call Macbeth that Scottish play. On stage the colour green is considered unlucky, and so are real fl
