1、专业英语四级-58及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、READING COMPREHENSIO(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Hawaiis native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipelagos political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until
2、the second world war and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origin, is opposed to the idea. The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaiis native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 per cent of the states homeless, suffer higher
3、 levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy. But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaiis first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives cause a major boost by
4、recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to reestablish a sovereign Hawaiian nation. However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy within the stateas enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. Th
5、is is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wan
6、ts full, official independence from the US. But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 per cent Hawaiian blood. Native demands are not just based on political g
7、rievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1993, the state government paid the OHA US$ 136 million in back rent on the crown land and many of
8、ficials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.（分数：20.00）(1).Hawaiis native minority refers to _.（分数：4.00）A.Hawaiis ethnic groupsB.people of Filipino originC.the Ka Lahui groupD.people with 50% Hawaiian bloo
9、d(2).Which of the following statements is true of the Hawaiian natives?（分数：4.00）A.Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed.B.Their life span is 5 years shorter than average Americans.C.Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii.D.They are the only native group without sov
10、ereignty.(3).Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee?（分数：4.00）A.He is Hawaiis first native governor.B.He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee.C.He suggested the native people decide for themselves.D.He is leading the local independence movement.(4).Which of the following groups hold
11、s a less radical attitude on the matter of sovereignty?（分数：4.00）A.American Indian natives.B.Office of Hawaiian Affairs.C.The Ka Lahui group.D.The Hawaiian natives.(5).Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT _.（分数：4.00）A.a greater autonomy within the stateB.more back rent on the crow
12、n landC.a claim on the Hawaiian crown landD.full independence from the US三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)I am one of the many city people who are always saying that given the choice we would prefer to live in the country away from the dirt and noise of a large city. I have managed to convince myself that
13、 if it werent for my job I would immediately head out for the open spaces and go back to nature in some sleepy village buried in the country. But how realistic is the dream? Cities can be frightening places. The majority of the population live in massive tower blocks, noisy, dirty and impersonal. Th
14、e sense of belonging to a community tends to disappear when you live fifteen floors up. All you can see from your window is sky, or other blocks of flats. Children become aggressive and nervouscooped up at home all day, with nowhere to play; their mothers feel isolated from the rest of the world. St
15、rangely enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of one street all knew each other, nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks dont even say hello to each other. Country life, on the other hand, differs from this kind of isolated existence in that a sense of community generally binds the i
16、nhabitants of small villages together. People have the advantage of knowing that there is always someone to turn to when they need help. But country life has disadvantages too. While it is true that you may be among friends in a village, it is also true that you are cut off from the exciting and imp
17、ortant events that take place in cities. Theres little possibility of going to a new show or the latest movie. Shopping becomes a major problem, and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go on an expedition to the nearest large town. The city-dweller who leaves for the country is oft
18、en oppressed by a sense of unbearable stillness and quiet. What, then, is the answer? The country has the advantage of peace and quiet, but suffers from the disadvantage of being cut off; the city breeds a feeling of isolation, and constant noise batters the senses. But one of its main advantages is
19、 that you are at the centre of things, and that life doesnt come to an end at half-past nine at night. Some people have found (or rather bought) a compromise between the two: they have expressed their preference for the quiet life by leaving the suburbs and moving to villages within commuting distan
20、ce of large cities. They generally have about as much sensitivity as the plastic flowers they leave behindthey are polluted with strange ideas about change and improvement which they force on to the unwilling original inhabitants of the villages. What then of my dreams of leaning on a cottage gate a
21、nd murmuring morning to the locals as they pass by. Im keen on the idea, but you see theres my cat, Toby. Im not at all sure that he would take to all that fresh air and exercise in the long grass. I mean, can you see him mixing with all those hearty males down the farm? No, he would rather have the
22、 electric imitation-coal fire any evening.（分数：20.00）(1).We get the impression from the first paragraph that the author _.（分数：4.00）A.used to live in the countryB.used to work in the cityC.works in the cityD.lives in the country(2).In the authors opinion, the following may cause city people to be unha
23、ppy EXCEPT _.（分数：4.00）A.a strong sense of fearB.lack of communicationC.housing conditionsD.a sense of isolation(3).The passage implies that it is easy to buy the following things in the country EXCEPT _.（分数：4.00）A.daily necessitiesB.fresh fruitsC.designer clothesD.fresh vegetables(4).According to th
24、e passage, which of the following adjectives best describes those people who work in large cities and live in villages?（分数：4.00）A.Original.B.Quiet.C.Arrogant.D.Insensitive.(5).Do you think the author will move to the country?（分数：4.00）A.Yes, he will do so.B.No, he will not do so.C.It is difficult to
25、tell.D.He is in two minds.四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of f
26、ashion. Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion
27、, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boys hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the f
28、ashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull. What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoor
29、s as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example. There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After Worl
30、d War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter until the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again. Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can
31、 dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the untidy look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashions of the top fashion houses. At the same time, appearance is still important in ce
32、rtain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater; and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you ne
33、ed never feel depressed if you dont look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and youll see that no one else does either!（分数：20.00）(1).The author thinks that people are _.（分数：4.00）A.satisfied with their appearanceB.concerned about appearance in old ageC.tar from neglecting what is in fashi
34、onD.reluctant to follow the trends in fashion(2).Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to _.（分数：4.00）A.confidence in lifeB.personal dressC.individual hair styleD.personal future(3).Causes of fashions are _.（分数：4.00）A.uniformB.variedC.unknownD.inexplicable(4).Present-day societ
35、y is much freer and easier because it emphasizes _.（分数：4.00）A.uniformityB.formalityC.informalityD.individuality(5).Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?（分数：4.00）A.Care about appearance in formal situations.B.Fashion in formal and informal situations.C.Ignoring appearance in informal situatio
36、ns.D.Ignoring appearance in all situations.五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Massive changes in all of the worlds deeply cherished sporting habits are underway. Whether its one of Londons parks full of people playing softball, and Russians taking up rugby, or the Superbowl rivaling the British Football Cup
37、 Final as a televised spectator event in Britain, the patterns of players and spectators are changing beyond recognition. We are witnessing a globalization of our sporting culture. That annual bicycle race, the Tour de France, much loved by the French is a good case in point. Just a few years back i
38、t was a strictly continental affair with France, Belgium and Holland, Spain and Italy taking part. But in recent years it has been dominated by Colombian mountain climbers, and American and Irish riders. The people who really matter welcome the shift toward globalization. Peugeot, Michelin and Panas
39、onic are multi-national corporations that want worldwide returns for the millions they invest in teams. So it does them literally a world of good to see this unofficial world championship become just that. This is undoubtedly an economic-based revolution we are witnessing here, one made possible by
40、communications technology, but made to happen because of marketing considerations. Sell the game and you can sell Coca Cola or Budweiser as well. The skilful way in which American football has been sold to Europe is a good example of how all sports will develop. The aim of course is not really to sp
41、read the sport for its own sake, but to increase the number of people interested in the major money-making events. The economics of the Superbowl are already astronomical. With seats at US $125, gate receipts alone were a staggering $10,000,000. The most important statistic of the day, however, was
42、the $100,000,000 in TV advertising fees. Imagine how much that becomes when the eyes of the world are watching. So it came as a terrible shock, but not really as a surprise, to learn that some people are now suggesting that soccer change from being a game of two 45-minute halves, to one of four 25-m
43、inute quarters. The idea is unashamedly to capture more advertising revenue, without giving any thought for the integrity of a sport which relies for its essence on the flowing nature of the action. Moreover, as sports expand into world markets, and as our choice of sports as consumers also grows, s
44、o we will demand to see them played at a higher and higher level. In boxing we have already seen numerous, dubious world title categories because people will not pay to see anything less than a World Title fight, and this means that the title fights have to be held in different countries around the
45、world!（分数：20.00）(1).Globalization of sporting culture means that _.（分数：5.00）A.more people are taking up sportsB.traditional sports are getting popularC.many local sports are becoming internationalD.foreigners are more interested in local sports(2).Which of the following is NOT related to the massive
46、 changes?（分数：5.00）A.Good economic returns.B.Revival of sports.C.Communications technology.D.Marketing strategies.(3).What is the authors attitude towards the suggestion to change soccer into one of four 25-minute quarters?（分数：5.00）A.Favourable.B.Unclear.C.Reserved.D.Critical.(4).People want to see h
47、igher-level sports competitions mainly because _.（分数：5.00）A.they become more professional than everB.they regard sports as consumer goodsC.there exist few world-class championshipsD.sports events are exciting and stimulating六、Passage 5(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Television can be a wonderful learning tool. Thir
48、ty-odd years ago, Sesame Street, The Electric Company and Mr. Rogers Neighbourhood helped my sons learn to read, count, socialize and cope with feelings. Nature programs on public television taught them an enormous respect for the world at large and the creatures within it. Not until the boys were old enough to understand how commercials tried to promote consumption were they allowed to watch sports programs on commercial television. The basic motto of the househo
