1、专业英语四级-57及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、READING COMPREHENSIO(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Shortly before he died of lymphoma (淋巴癌), the great writer and physician Lewis Thomas, whose books turned science into a way of appreciating the greatness of the world, told me he thought the true mea
2、sure of a life was that it be useful. He wondered in those last days if his own life had been useful, and many thousands of readers assured him that it had. Grow old along with me! The best is yet to be, cried Robert Brownings Rabbi Ben Ezra. Not always. Poetry replies to Rabbi Ben with A.E. Housman
3、s To an Athlete Dying Young and comes up with no more startling a conclusion than that a life is what one makes of it. Celebrity is hardly a prerequisite (先决条件). Kennedys life would have been just as valuable had he been, to use another poets phrase, a mute, inglorious Milton. A beloved colleague at
4、 TIME died recently who was unknown to most of the world, except the friends she cherished. The measure of a life is often taken in the smallest units. On television, a parking attendant in the garage that Kennedy used mentioned that Kennedy came over personally to wish the man a merry Christmas eve
5、ry year. A middle aged African American woman with whom he worked in one of the programs he supported was in tears at the recollection of continuous small acts of kindness. The sudden garden that has developed on the front steps of Kennedys loft building began simply with neighbors paying homage (崇敬
6、) to a neighbor. From such fragments of evidence a whole life is constructed, or reconstructed. When a man dies, a civilization dies with him. Everything dies but the reverberation (反响) of his works in the lives of others; and so, while an individual civilization dies, the greater one profits. We ca
7、ll such deaths tragedies because the force of the life has been of great magnitude (重要性); yet tragedy from the point of view of the audience is high art, and one is filled with as much admiration as grief. Keats chose as his epitaph (墓志铭) Here lies one whose name was writ in water. He believed that
8、his life would be viewed as without consequence, and that he would debut (初次登台) one more transitory figure among the yearning and striving masses. Kennedy, too, I think, would have had his name writ in water, thus the appropriateness of his sea burial, because the best public servants disappear into
9、 the world, whose pain they feel. Every name is writ in water, which flows through us all.（分数：20.00）(1).We can infer from the first paragraph that Lewis Thomas believes that _.（分数：4.00）A.your life is important if it is meaningful for othersB.you can build meaning into your life if it is longC.work w
10、hile alive is the most important thingD.usefulness of one life is hard to measure(2).Which of the following statements is true about Robert Browning?（分数：4.00）A.He believes that longer life is no good thing.B.He believes that true life lies in how one makes of it.C.He is identical with Lewis Thomas,
11、regarding the life issue.D.He is opposite to A.E. Housman, regarding the death issue.(3).What idea does the author want to convey in the second paragraph?（分数：4.00）A.The importance of ones life is not related with his reputation or fame.B.Poets and politicians make the same contribution to society.C.
12、Statesmen are always ready to do small things for people around them.D.The beloved colleague at Time is as respectable as Kennedy.(4).By saying The measure of a life is often taken in the smallest units (Para. 2), the author means that _.（分数：4.00）A.Kennedy was most respected by the ordinary peopleB.
13、Kennedys life can be reflected by the small deeds he has doneC.Kennedy has done many small deeds for the people around himD.Kennedy devoted his life to serving the people from the lower class(5).In the last paragraph, the author cites Keats epitaph to show that _.（分数：4.00）A.the poet finally died in
14、the seawaterB.the poets dream of his great popularity came true centuries laterC.the importance of ones life can not be predictedD.human life is transitory, so dont waste it三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Utopia is a perfect place. It is a place without war, hunger, poverty, or crime. It is a place where
15、 the people work together and share. There is no money in Utopia because the people do not need money. They do not have personal possessions because everything belongs to everyone. All of the people are equal in Utopia, and the laws are all fair. Utopia is not a new place. Plato, the ancient Greek p
16、hilosopher, described a perfect society in his famous dialogue The Republic. In Platos Republic, philosophers were the kings, and every person had a place in the society. In 1516, Sir Thomas More wrote about an island in the Pacific Ocean where everything was perfect. He named the island Utopia. In
17、1872, Samuel Butler wrote a novel about a perfect country which he named Erehwon: Utopia is a Greek word that means not a place and Erehwon is the English word nowhere spelled backwards. Many people came to the New World to find Utopia. The Shakers, a religious group, wanted to live like the first C
18、hristians. The Shakers started their first community in New York in 1776. George Rapp, a German farmer, came to the United States in 1804 to start a Utopian community. In 1815, Rapp and his followers bought land for their community in Harmony, Indiana, and they made the things they needed with machi
19、nes. In 1824, they sold the community to Robert Owen, who started the Utopian community of New Harmony there. In New Harmony, everything belonged to everyone and men and women were equal, but New Harmony lasted only two years. Then Francis Wright began Nashoba, a community where white people and bla
20、ck people could live and work together, near Memphis, Tennessee. Nashoba lasted from 1825 to 1830. A group of intellectuals founded Brook Farm, a Utopian fanning community, in 1841. However, they did not have many farming skills, so the farm closed in 1847. Four years later, Josiah Warren set up Mod
21、em Times, an anarchist community near New York City. It closed in 1857. Utopia is a perfect place, but it is not a real place. Most real Utopias last only a short time. This is because everyone wants to live in Utopia, but no one knows how to make it work. As a result, when we say something is Utopi
22、an today, we mean that it is a good idea, but it is not realistic.（分数：20.00）(1).The first paragraph is mainly about _.（分数：4.00）A.what makes utopiaB.how to build utopiaC.the origin of utopiaD.the economy of utopia(2).It can be inferred from the second paragraph that _.（分数：4.00）A.Utopia is a word crea
23、ted by Thomas MoreB.Utopia has the same concept as ErehwonC.Thomas More named the island Utopia because he was GreekD.the characteristics of Utopia were first mentioned in The Republic(3).What is true about the Shakers?（分数：4.00）A.They founded the first community in New York.B.They believed the first
24、 Christian community was Utopia.C.They had tried to find Utopia only in New York.D.They had established the first real Utopia in the world.(4).Which of the following may be the most appropriate definition of an anarchist community?（分数：4.00）A.A community whose members believe some kind of religion.B.
25、A community where people live under much self-control.C.A community where its members are supposed to be equal.D.A community which is economically poor but spiritually rich.(5).All the Utopias mentioned in the third paragraph lasted only a brief time because _.（分数：4.00）A.the members didnt know how t
26、o realize the idea of UtopiaB.the members were not satisfied with the idea of UtopiaC.the members were not capable enough to build a communityD.the members found that Utopia also had shortcomings四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The men and women of Anglo-Saxon England normally bore one name only. Distingu
27、ishing epithets were rarely added. These might be patronymic, descriptive or occupational. They were, however, hardly surnames. Heritable names gradually became general in the three centuries following the Norman Conquest in 1066. It was not until the 13th and 14th centuries that surnames became fix
28、ed, although for many years after that, the degree of stability in family names varied considerably in different parts of the country. British surnames fall mainly into four broad categories: patronymic, occupational, descriptive and local. A few names, it is true, will remain puzzling: foreign name
29、s, perhaps, crudely translated, adapted or abbreviated; or artificial names. In fact, over fifty per cent of genuine British surnames derive from place names of different kinds, and so they belong to the last of our four main categories. Even such a name as Simpson may belong to this last group, and
30、 not to the first, had the family once had its home in the ancient village of that name. Otherwise, Simpson means the son of Simon, as might be expected. Hundreds of occupational surnames are at once familiar to us, or at least recognisable after a little thought: Archer, Carter, Fisher, Mason, That
31、cher, Taylor, to name but a few. Hundreds of others are more obscure in their meanings and testify to the amazing specialisation in medieval arts, crafts and functions. Such are Day, (Old English for breadmaker) and Walker (a fuller whose job it was to clean and thicken newly made cloth). All these
32、vocational names carry with them a certain gravity and dignity, which descriptive names often lack. Some, it is true, like Long, Short or Little, are simple. They may be taken quite literally. Others require more thinking: their meanings are slightly different from the modern ones. Black and White i
33、mplied dark and fair respectively. Sharp meant genuinely discerning, alert, acute rather than quick-witted or clever. Place-names have a lasting interest since there is hardly a town or village in all England that has not at some time given its name to a family. They may be picturesque, even poetica
34、l; or they may be pedestrian, even trivial. Among the commoner names which survive with relatively little change from old-English times are Milton (middle enclosure) and Hilton(enclosure on a hill).（分数：20.00）(1).Surnames are said to be _ in Anglo-Saxon England.（分数：5.00）A.commonB.vocationalC.unusualD
35、.descriptive(2).We learn from the first paragraph that _ for many years after the 13th and 14th centuries.（分数：5.00）A.family names became descriptive and occupationalB.people in some areas still had no surnamesC.some people kept changing their surnamesD.all family names became fixed in England(3).Pat
36、ronymic in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to formed from_.（分数：5.00）A.the name of ones fatherB.the family occupationC.ones family homeD.ones family history(4).Which of the following sentences is an opinion rather than a fact?（分数：5.00）A.Hundreds of occupational names are at once familiar t
37、o us.B.Black and White implied dark and fair respectively.C.Vocational names carry with them a certain gravity and dignity.D.Every place in England has given its name to a family.五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)More surprising, perhaps, than the current difficulties of traditional marriage is the fact th
38、at marriage itself is alive and thriving. As Skolnick notes, Americans are a marrying people: relative to Europeans, more of us marry and we marry at a younger age. Moreover, after a decline in the early 1970s, the rate of marriage in the United States is now increasing. Even the divorce rate needs
39、to be taken in this pro-marriage context: some 80 percent of divorced individuals remarry. Thus, marriage remains, by far, the preferred way of life for the vast majority of people in our society. What has changed more than marriage is the nuclear family. Twenty-five years ago, the typical American
40、family consisted of a husband, a wife, and two or three children. Now, there are many marriages in which couples have decided not to have any children. And there are many marriages where at least some of the children are from the wifes previous marriage, or the husbands, or both. Sometimes these chi
41、ldren spend all of their time with one parent from the former marriage; sometimes they are shared between the two former spouses. Thus, one can find the very type of family arrangement. There are marriages without children; marriages with children from only the present marriage; marriages with full-
42、time children from the present marriage and part-time children from former marriages. There are step-fathers, step-mothers, half-brothers, and half-sisters. It is not all that unusual for a child to have four parents and eight grandparents! These are enormous changes from the traditional nuclear fam
43、ily. But even so, even in the midst of all this, there remains one constant: most Americans spend most of their adult lives married.（分数：20.00）(1).By calling Americans marrying people the author means that _.（分数：4.00）A.there are more married couples in the U.S.A. than in EuropeB.more Americans prefer
44、 marriage and at a younger age than EuropeansC.most divorced individuals remarryD.marriage is the most important part of American life(2).From the first paragraph we can know that _.（分数：4.00）A.traditional marriage now runs into difficultyB.marriage rate has been rising since the 1970C.marriage rate
45、in Europe is rather lowD.Europeans marry when they are quite old(3).Which of the following can be presented as the picture of todays American families?（分数：4.00）A.There are no nuclear families any more.B.A family usually consists of a husband, a wife and two or three children.C.A child usually has fo
46、ur grandparents.D.Many types of family rearrangements have become socially acceptable.(4).Part-time children _.（分数：4.00）A.do part-time jobs to earn their livingB.spend all of their time with one parent from the previous marriageC.are shared between the two former spousesD.are quite unusual even in t
47、he U.S.A.(5).As great changes have taken place in the structure of American families, _.（分数：4.00）A.the functions of marriage remain unchangedB.most Americans dont mind a second marriageC.most Americans still have faith in marriageD.the concept of nuclear family is modernized六、Passage 5(总题数：1，分数：20.0
48、0)The idea to remodel your bathroom can come as an idea to augment your house value or simply to make it into the haven you have always wanted. Whichever reason is yours, to make everything you do to implement your bathroom-remodeling ideas fully realizable, you should look to these inexpensive and easy-to-install ideas. When you remodel a bathroom, you can change aspects from lighting to fixtures. In the bath
