1、专业英语四级-46及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、完形填空(总题数：3，分数：100.00)A land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supplyall these were important 1 in helping England to become the center for the industrial Revolution. 2 they were not enough. Something 3 was needed to start the indus
2、trial process. That something special was men 4 individuals who could invent machines, find new 5 of power, and establish business organizations to reshape society. The men who 6 the machines of the Industrial Revolution 7 from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were 8 inventors tha
3、n scientists. A man who is a 9 scientist is primarily interested in doing his research 10 . He is not necessarily working 11 that his findings can be used. An inventor or one interested in applied science is 12 trying to make something that has a concrete 13 . He may try to solve a problem by using
4、the theories 14 science or by experimenting through trial and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a 15 result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of 16 other objectives. Most of the people who 17 the machines of the Industrial Revolutio
5、n were inventors, not trained scientists. A few were both scientists and inventors. Even those who had 18 or no training in science might not have made their inventions 19 a groundwork had not been laid by scientists years 20 .（分数：40.00）A.casesB.reasonsC.factorsD.situationsA.ButB.AndC.BesidesD.EvenA
6、.elseB.nearC.extraD.similarA.efficientB.effectiveC.motivatedD.creativeA.originsB.sourcesC.basesD.discoveriesA.employedB.createdC.operatedD.controlledA.cameB.arrivedC.stemmedD.appearedA.lessB.betterC.moreD.worseA.genuineB.practicalC.pureD.cleverA.happilyB.occasionallyC.reluctantlyD.accuratelyA.nowB.a
7、ndC.allD.soA.seldomB.sometimesC.usuallyD.neverA.planB.useC.ideaD.meansA.ofB.withC.toD.asA.singleB.soleC.specializedD.specificA.fewB.thoseC.manyD.allA.proposedB.developedC.suppliedD.offeredA.littleB.muchC.someD.anyA.asB.ifC.becauseD.whileA.agoB.pastC.aheadD.beforeMost children with healthy appetites
8、are ready to eat almost anything that is offered them and a child rarely dislikes food 21 it is badly cooked. The 22 a meal is cooked and served is most important and an 23 served meal will often improve a childs appetite. Never ask a child 24 he likes or dislikes a food and never 25 likes and disli
9、kes in front of him or allow 26 else to do so. If the father says he hates fat meat or the mother 27 vegetables in the childs hearing he is 28 to copy this procedure. Take it 29 granted that he likes everything and he probably 30 . Nothing healthful should be omitted from the meal because of a 31 di
10、slike. At meal times it is a good 32 to give a child a small portion and let him 33 back for a second helping rather than give him as 34 as he is likely to eat all at once. Do not talk too much to the child 35 meal times, but let him get on with his food, and do not 36 him to leave the table immedia
11、tely after a meal or he will 37 learn to swallow his food 38 he can hurry back to his toys. Under 39 circumstances must a child be coaxed (哄骗) 40 forced to eat.（分数：40.00）A.ifB.untilC.thatD.unlessA.procedureB.processC.wayD.methodA.adequatelyB.attractivelyC.urgentlyD.eagerlyA.whetherB.whatC.thatD.whic
12、hA.remarkB.tellC.discussD.argueA.everybodyB.anybodyC.somebodyD.nobodyA.opposesB.refusesC.deniesD.offendsA.willingB.possibleC.obligedD.likelyA.withB.asC.overD.forA.shouldB.mayC.willD.mustA.supposedB.provedC.consideredD.relatedA.pointB.customC.ideaD.planA.askB.comeC.returnD.takeA.muchB.littleC.fewD.ma
13、nyA.onB.overC.byD.daringA.agreeB.allowC.forceD.persuadeA.hurriedlyB.soonC.fastD.slowlyA.soB.untilC.lestD.althoughA.someB.anyC.suchD.noA.orB.norC.butD.neitherDuring recent years we have heard much about race: how this race does certain things and that race believes certain things and so on. Yet, the
14、41 phenomenon of race consists of a few surface indications. We judge race usually 42 the colouring of the skin: a white race, a brown race, a yellow race and a black race. But 43 you were to remove the skin you could not 44 anything about the race to which the individual belonged. There is 45 in ph
15、ysical structure, the brain or the internal organs to 46 a difference. There are four types of blood. 47 types are found in every race, and no type is distinct to any race. Human brains are the 48 . No scientists could examine a brain and tell you the race to which the individual belonged. Brains wi
16、ll 49 in size, but this occurs within every race. 50 does size have anything to do with intelligence. The largest brain 51 examined belonged to a person of weak 52 . On the other hand, some of our most distinguished people have had 53 brains. Mental tests which are reasonably 54 show no differences
17、in intelligence between races. High and low test results both can be recorded by different members of any race. 55 equal educational advantages, there will be no difference in average standings, either on account of race or geographical location. Individuals of every race 56 civilization to go backw
18、ard or forward. Training and education can change the response of a group of people, 57 enable them to behave in a(n) 58 way. The behavior and ideas of people change according to circumstances, but they can always go back or go on to something new 59 is better and higher than anything 60 the past.（分
19、数：20.00）A.completeB.fullC.totalD.wholeA.inB.fromC.atD.onA.sinceB.ifC.asD.whileA.speakB.talkC.tellD.mentionA.somethingB.everythingC.nothingD.anythingA.displayB.indicateC.impartD.appearA.AllB.MostC.NoD.SomeA.sameB.identicalC.similarD.alikeA.remainB.increaseC.decreaseD.varyA.OnlyB.OrC.NorD.SoA.everB.th
20、enC.neverD.onceA.healthB.bodyC.mindD.thoughtA.bigB.smallC.minorD.majorA.trueB.exactC.certainD.accurateA.ProvidedB.ConcerningC.GivenD.FollowingA.makeB.causeC.moveD.turnA.andB.butC.thoughD.soA.ordinaryB.peculiarC.usualD.commonA.thatB.whatC.whicheverD.whateverA.forB.toC.withinD.in专业英语四级-46答案解析 (总分：100.
21、00，做题时间：90分钟)一、完形填空(总题数：3，分数：100.00)A land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supplyall these were important 1 in helping England to become the center for the industrial Revolution. 2 they were not enough. Something 3 was needed to start the industrial process. That som
22、ething special was men 4 individuals who could invent machines, find new 5 of power, and establish business organizations to reshape society. The men who 6 the machines of the Industrial Revolution 7 from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were 8 inventors than scientists. A man who
23、 is a 9 scientist is primarily interested in doing his research 10 . He is not necessarily working 11 that his findings can be used. An inventor or one interested in applied science is 12 trying to make something that has a concrete 13 . He may try to solve a problem by using the theories 14 science
24、 or by experimenting through trial and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a 15 result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of 16 other objectives. Most of the people who 17 the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors, not t
25、rained scientists. A few were both scientists and inventors. Even those who had 18 or no training in science might not have made their inventions 19 a groundwork had not been laid by scientists years 20 .（分数：40.00）A.casesB.reasonsC.factorsD.situations解析：解析 土地没有被破坏、财富、自然资源和劳力资源，这些都是有助于英国成为工业革命中心的“因素”
26、(factor)，而不是“理由”(reason)、“案例”(case)或“情境”(situation)，故选C。A.ButB.AndC.BesidesD.Even解析：解析 空格前提到“财富、自然资源、充足的劳动力供给等有助于英国成为工业革命中心”，空格后却说“这些还不够”，空格前后在逻辑上存在转折关系，故选A。A.elseB.nearC.extraD.similar解析：解析 空格前的not enough(不够)，提示此处表示“还需要一些别的东西”，故选A。extra“额外的”为强干扰项，extra是指比标准量多一点，不符合上下文语境。A.efficientB.effectiveC.moti
27、vatedD.creative解析：解析 根据空格后的定语从句who could invent machines(能发明机器)，推断此处应填入creative“有创造性的”。efficient“效率高的”；effective“有效的”；motivated“有动机的”。A.originsB.sourcesC.basesD.discoveries解析：解析 source指某种事物的最初来源；origin常指某种历史文化现象、风俗习惯等的起源或由来。此处指“能量的来源”，只能选B。base“基础”；discovery“发现”。A.employedB.createdC.operatedD.contro
28、lled解析：解析 根据下文的inventors(发明家)，可推断此处说的是“发明机器”的人(created machine)，故选B。employ“雇佣”；operate“操作”；control“控制”。A.cameB.arrivedC.stemmedD.appeared解析：解析 come from“来自”；stem from“源于”。此处是指这些发明机器的人来自不同的行业和背景，故选A。A.lessB.betterC.moreD.worse解析：解析 more.than.为固定结构，意为“与其说是，不如说是”，肯定的是前者，因此选C。less.than.也可以表示“与其不如”，但肯定的是
29、后者，文中说的是这些发明机器的人更称得上是发明家，因此不选less。A.genuineB.practicalC.pureD.clever解析：解析 下文提到“只有他们才对做研究感兴趣，也才不一定致力于应用自己的发现”，pure scientist“纯粹的科学家”符合这种特征，故选C。genuine“非伪造的”；practical“实用的”。A.happilyB.occasionallyC.reluctantlyD.accurately解析：解析 按常理，科学家应是对“准确地”进行研究感兴趣，故选D。occasionally“偶然地”；reluctantly“不情愿地”。A.nowB.andC.
30、allD.so解析：解析 空格后“他的发现被应用”是working“作出努力”的目的，so that引导目的状语从句，故选D。A.seldomB.sometimesC.usuallyD.never解析：解析 本句讲的是发明家工作的特征，这是一种常态，故只有选usually才合题意。A.planB.useC.ideaD.means解析：解析 本句开头提到这些发明家对应用科学感兴趣，应用科学顾名思义应是研制出有实际用途的物品的科学，故选B。a concrete use意为“具体用途”。A.ofB.withC.toD.as解析：解析 the theory of science意为“科学的理论”。所以
31、选A。A.singleB.soleC.specializedD.specific解析：解析 本段段首提到“对应用科学感兴趣的发明家会努力做出有具体用途的东西”，空格处跟段首句意相近，即他努力想获得某种“具体的”结果，故选D。single“单一的”；sole“唯一的”；specialized“专门的”。A.fewB.thoseC.manyD.all解析：解析 其他的目标还有很多，故选many“许多”，所以答案为C。A.proposedB.developedC.suppliedD.offered解析：解析 此处的句意为“_工业革命机器的大多数人是发明家”。develop“研制”代入空格，符合句意，
32、故选B。propose“提议”；supply“供给”；offer“给予”。A.littleB.muchC.someD.any解析：解析 or连接两个并列成分，故空格处应填入与no近义的词，因此选A。A.asB.ifC.becauseD.while解析：解析 空格后意为“没有科学家打下的基础”，这是一种虚拟假设的情况，故选B。A.agoB.pastC.aheadD.before解析：解析 had not been laid用了过去完成时，即表示过去某个时间以前发生的动作，因而只能用before。ago只与一般过去时连用，故排除A。Most children with healthy appeti
33、tes are ready to eat almost anything that is offered them and a child rarely dislikes food 21 it is badly cooked. The 22 a meal is cooked and served is most important and an 23 served meal will often improve a childs appetite. Never ask a child 24 he likes or dislikes a food and never 25 likes and d
34、islikes in front of him or allow 26 else to do so. If the father says he hates fat meat or the mother 27 vegetables in the childs hearing he is 28 to copy this procedure. Take it 29 granted that he likes everything and he probably 30 . Nothing healthful should be omitted from the meal because of a 3
35、1 dislike. At meal times it is a good 32 to give a child a small portion and let him 33 back for a second helping rather than give him as 34 as he is likely to eat all at once. Do not talk too much to the child 35 meal times, but let him get on with his food, and do not 36 him to leave the table imm
36、ediately after a meal or he will 37 learn to swallow his food 38 he can hurry back to his toys. Under 39 circumstances must a child be coaxed (哄骗) 40 forced to eat.（分数：40.00）A.ifB.untilC.thatD.unless解析：解析 空格前提到“孩子给什么就吃什么，不会讨厌吃某种食物”；空格后说“食物烹饪得很糟”，由此看出后者是否定前者的条件，故选unless“除非”，答案为D。A.procedureB.processC
37、.wayD.method解析：解析 此处为“煮饭菜和上饭菜的方式”。way意为“方法，方式”，后面的定语从句省略了in which或that，这是习惯用法。procedure“手续”；process“过程”；method侧重指做事方法的科学性或系统性。A.adequatelyB.attractivelyC.urgentlyD.eagerly解析：解析 根据空格后的improve a childs appetite(促进孩子的食欲)，结合四个选项，在意义上与之相关的只有attractively“诱人地”。adequately“充分地”；urgently“紧急地”；eagerly“热切地”。A.w
38、hetherB.whatC.thatD.which解析：解析 空格后宾语从句主谓宾齐全，此外，句中的likes or dislikes提示空格处应填入表示选择关系的连词，只有选项A符合这个要求。A.remarkB.tellC.discussD.argue解析：解析 discuss意为“讨论”，代入空格句意通顺；remark与介词on/upon构成短语，意为“评论”；tell通常构成tell sb. about sth.的搭配；argue意为“争论”，构成短语argue with sb. about/over sth.。A.everybodyB.anybodyC.somebodyD.nobody
39、解析：解析 否定句中应选用不定代词anybody。A.opposesB.refusesC.deniesD.offends解析：解析 此处的句意为“他母亲_蔬菜”，refuse意为“排斥，拒绝”，代入空格，符合上下文语义。oppose意为“反对”，通常与介词to连用；deny“否认”；offend意为“冒犯；使反感”。A.willingB.possibleC.obligedD.likely解析：解析 上文提到孩子如果听到父母不吃某种食物，那么他照着做是一种“可能性”。possible“可能的”需用it is possible for sb. to do sth.，而likely则用于be lik
40、ely to do.结构，故选D。willing意为“愿意的”；obliged表示“被迫的”。A.withB.asC.overD.for解析：解析 take it for granted that.意为“视为当然”，属于固定搭配。A.shouldB.mayC.willD.must解析：解析 will表示“愿意，想，会”，本句意为“(作为父母)理所当然认为孩子什么都喜欢吃，而且他很可能会喜欢”。A.supposedB.provedC.consideredD.related解析：解析 supposed意为“推测的”，代入句中句意通顺，指父母在安排膳食时，“不能因为推测孩子可能会不喜欢某些食品而把有
41、益于健康的东两从膳食中去除”。A.pointB.customC.ideaD.plan解析：解析 “吃饭时，一次给孩子小份额”，应该是增进孩子食欲的好主意，idea“主意”符合上下文语意。point“要点”；custom“习俗”；plan“计划”。A.askB.comeC.returnD.take解析：解析 ask不能与back搭配；return本身就有back的意思；take sth. back意为“收回”，代入空格，句意不通。所以都应排除。come back意为“回来”，此处指“孩子吃完后回来再要”。A.muchB.littleC.fewD.many解析：解析 由空格前的rather tha
42、n(而不是)可推断，空格处填入的词应跟small portion的意思相反，四个选项中，much表示“尽可能多的食物”，符合上下文语义。many指可数名词“许多”，应排除。A.onB.overC.byD.daring解析：解析 on，over，by都不能与times搭配。during meal times指的是“吃饭的时候”，符合上下文语义，故选D。A.agreeB.allowC.forceD.persuade解析：解析 此处的句意为“不要_孩子吃完饭就马上离开餐桌”，allow“允许”代入空格，符合上下文语义。agree后接with表示“赞同某人”；force“强迫”；persuade“说服
43、”。A.hurriedlyB.soonC.fastD.slowly解析：解析 soon“很快地”，强调预期的时刻不久就会到来，此处意思是“否则，孩子很快就学会狼吞虎咽地吃东西”。hurriedly意为“急忙地”；fast表示“迅速地”，强调动作进行的速度很快；slowly“缓慢地”。A.soB.untilC.lestD.although解析：解析 填入的连词表示空格前后的逻辑关系，空格前说“他学会狼吞虎咽吃饭”，空格后意为“他可以赶紧回去玩玩具”，后者为前者目的，故选so“以便”。A.someB.anyC.suchD.no解析：解析 此句语法结构是一个倒装句，因此句首的状语应表否定，只能选择D
44、。under no circumstances意为“决不”。A.orB.norC.butD.neither解析：解析 否定句中用or(或者)表示连接，此句意为“决不能哄骗或强迫孩子吃饭”。因此选A。During recent years we have heard much about race: how this race does certain things and that race believes certain things and so on. Yet, the 41 phenomenon of race consists of a few surface indications. We judge race usually 42 the colouring of the skin: a white race, a brown race, a yellow race and a black race. But 43 you were to remove the skin you could not 44 anything about the race to which the individual belonged. There is 45 in physica
