1、专业英语四级-41及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、完形填空(总题数：3，分数：100.00)Geography is the study of the relationship between people and the land. Geographers compare and contrast 1 places on the earth. But they also 2 beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a 3 . The word geography 4 from two Greek
2、words, ge, the Greek word for earth and graphein, 5 means to write. The English word geography means to describe the earth. 6 geography books focus on a small area 7 a town or city. Others deal with a state, a region, a nation, or an 8 continent. Many geography books deal with the whole earth. Anoth
3、er 9 to divide the study of 10 is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography. The former focuses on the natural world; the 11 starts with human beings and 12 how human beings and their environment act 13 each other. But when geography is considered as a single subject, 14 branc
4、h can neglect the other. A geographer might be described 15 one who observes, records, and explains the 16 between places. If all places 17 alike, there would be little need for geographers. We know, however, 18 no two places are exactly the same. Geography, 19 , is a point of view, a special way of
5、 20 at places.（分数：40.00）A.similarB.variousC.distantD.famousA.passB.reachC.goD.setA.wholeB.unitC.partD.totalA.fallsB.removesC.resultsD.comesA.whatB.thatC.whichD.itA.SomeB.ManyC.MostD.FewA.outsideB.exceptC.asD.likeA.extensiveB.entireC.overallD.enormousA.wayB.meansC.habitD.techniqueA.worldB.earthC.geog
6、raphyD.globeA.secondB.laterC.nextD.latterA.learnsB.studiesC.realisesD.understandsA.uponB.forC.asD.toA.neitherB.eitherC.oneD.eachA.forB.toC.asD.byA.exceptionsB.samenessC.differencesD.divisionsA.beingB.areC.beD.wereA.althoughB.whetherC.sinceD.thatA.stillB.thenC.neverthelessD.moreoverA.workingB.looking
7、C.arrivingD.gettingWhat do we mean by a perfect English pronunciation? In one 21 there are as many different kinds of English as there are speakers of it. 22 two speakers speak in exactly the same 23 , we can always hear differences 24 them, and the pronunciation of English 25 a great deal in differ
8、ent geographical 26 . How do we decide what sort of English to use as a 27 ? This is not a question that can be 28 in the same way for all foreign learners of English. 29 you live in a part of the world, 30 India or West Africa, where there is a long 31 of speaking English for general communication
9、purposes, you should 32 to acquire a good variety of the pronunciation of this area. It would be a 33 in these circumstances to use as a model BBC English or 34 of the sort. On the other hand, if you live in a country 35 there is no traditional use of English, you must take 36 your model some form o
10、f 37 English pronunciation. It does not 38 very much which form you choose. The most 39 way is to take as your model the sort of English you can 40 most often.（分数：40.00）A.meaningB.caseC.senseD.situationA.NotB.NoneC.NoD.NorA.wayB.formC.sortD.typeA.fromB.amongC.ofD.betweenA.variesB.changesC.shiftsD.al
11、tersA.townsB.areasC.countriesD.spacesA.directionB.modelC.symbolD.guideA.givenB.respondedC.answeredD.satisfiedA.BecauseB.WhenC.WhetherD.IfA.likeB.inC.asD.nearA.traditionB.useC.customD.habitA.proposeB.aimC.selectD.tendA.fashionB.nonsenseC.mistakeD.possibilityA.everythingB.nothingC.thingsD.anythingA.th
12、atB.whereC.whichD.whereverA.asB.withC.onD.toA.practicalB.domesticC.newD.nativeA.careB.affectC.matterD.troubleA.sensitiveB.effectiveC.ordinaryD.carefulA.listenB.findC.noticeD.hearMany teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. 41 a long reading assignment is given,
13、instructors expect students to be familiar with the 42 in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The 43 student is considered to be 44 who is motivated to learn for the sake of 45 , not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returne
14、d 46 brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is 47 for learning the material assigned. When research is 48 , the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with 49 guidance. It is the 50 responsibility to find books, magazines,
15、and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain 51 a university library works; they expect students, 52 graduate students, to be able to exhaust the reference 53 in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but 54 that their students should not be 55 dependent o
16、n them. In the United States professors have many other duties 56 teaching, such as administrative or research work. 57 , the time that a professor can spend with student outside of class is 58 . If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either 59 a professor dining office ho
17、ur 60 make an appointment.（分数：20.00）A.IfB.AlthoughC.BecauseD.SinceA.suggestionB.contextC.abstractD.informationA.poorB.idealC.averageD.disappointedA.suchB.oneC.anyD.someA.funB.workC.learningD.prizeA.byB.inC.forD.withA.criticizedB.innocentC.responsibleD.dismissedA.collectedB.distributedC.assignedD.fin
18、ishedA.maximumB.minimumC.possibleD.practicalA.studentsB.professorsC.assistantsD.librariansA.whenB.thatC.whyD.howA.particularlyB.essentiallyC.obviouslyD.rarelyA.selectionsB.connectionC.sourcesD.originsA.hateB.dislikeC.likeD.preferA.tooB.lessC.muchD.moreA.butB.exceptC.withD.besidesA.HoweverB.Therefore
19、C.FurthermoreD.NeverthelessA.plentifulB.limited.C.irregularD.flexibleA.greetB.annoyC.approachD.attachA.orB.andC.toD.but专业英语四级-41答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、完形填空(总题数：3，分数：100.00)Geography is the study of the relationship between people and the land. Geographers compare and contrast 1 places on the ea
20、rth. But they also 2 beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a 3 . The word geography 4 from two Greek words, ge, the Greek word for earth and graphein, 5 means to write. The English word geography means to describe the earth. 6 geography books focus on a small area 7 a town or city.
21、Others deal with a state, a region, a nation, or an 8 continent. Many geography books deal with the whole earth. Another 9 to divide the study of 10 is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography. The former focuses on the natural world; the 11 starts with human beings and 12 ho
22、w human beings and their environment act 13 each other. But when geography is considered as a single subject, 14 branch can neglect the other. A geographer might be described 15 one who observes, records, and explains the 16 between places. If all places 17 alike, there would be little need for geog
23、raphers. We know, however, 18 no two places are exactly the same. Geography, 19 , is a point of view, a special way of 20 at places.（分数：40.00）A.similarB.variousC.distantD.famous解析：解析 根据下一句的also可知，空格处的意思跟the individual places意思差不多，individual places表示“各个单独的地方”，四个选项中，various“各种各样的”与之意思最相符，因此选B。A.passB.
24、reachC.goD.set解析：解析 go beyond意为“超出”，此处是指“地理研究的不仅仅是个别地方”。A.wholeB.unitC.partD.total解析：解析 根据前面的beyond the individual places(不仅仅是个别地方)，说明“地理研究的是更大的地方”，as a whole“当作一个整体”符合语义。A.fallsB.removesC.resultsD.comes解析：解析 空格后解释geography在希腊语中的意思，推断此处是说“geography来自于两个希腊语单词”。come from意为“来自”，符合句意。A.whatB.thatC.which
25、D.it解析：解析 空格所在处为定语从句，修饰先行词graphein。当先行词为“物”，且为非限定性定语从句时，引导词应用which。A.SomeB.ManyC.MostD.Few解析：解析 空格后一句的Others提示空格处应该用Some，固定结构some.others.表示“一些，另一些”。A.outsideB.exceptC.asD.like解析：解析 空格后的a town or city是对a small area的举例，like表示“例如”，符合语义要求。A.extensiveB.entireC.overallD.enormous解析：解析 extensive“广泛的”；overal
26、l意为“总的”，强调包含一切；enormous“大量的，庞大的”，强调数量多、体积大或范围广；entire意为“整个”，句中几个名词按面积从小到大排列，比一个国家还大的是整片陆地，故选B。A.wayB.meansC.habitD.technique解析：解析 下文的“区分自然地理和人文地理”是划分研究的一种方式，因此选A。means指为达到某种目标或目的而采用的“方法，手段”；habit“习惯”；technique“技巧”。A.worldB.earthC.geographyD.globe解析：解析 下文的physical geography和cultural geography分别为不同方面的
27、“地理”，故此处应该是对地理学研究的划分。A.secondB.laterC.nextD.latter解析：解析 空格处应填入latter“后者”，the latter表示“后者”，跟上文的the former(前者)对应。A.learnsB.studiesC.realisesD.understands解析：解析 此处的意思为“(后者)_人类和环境是怎样”，四个选项中，代入studies“研究”，句意通顺。A.uponB.forC.asD.to解析：解析 act upon为固定搭配，意为“对起作用”，此处是指“人类与环境互相影响”。A.neitherB.eitherC.oneD.each解析：解
28、析 根据下文的the other，得知此处是将地理分为两个分支，表示“两者中无一的”，用neither，故选A。A.forB.toC.asD.by解析：解析 此处考查固定搭配。be described as表示“被描述为”。A.exceptionsB.samenessC.differencesD.divisions解析：解析 下一句说“如果所有的地方都一样，就没必要有地理学家了”，换言之，地理学家就是解释地域差异的，故选C。exception“例外”；sameness“相同”；division“部门”。A.beingB.areC.beD.were解析：解析 所有的地方不可能都相似，故If引导的
29、从句是跟现有事实不一致的虚拟条件句，从句的谓语动词需要用过去式，故选D。A.althoughB.whetherC.sinceD.that解析：解析 空格处为宾语从句的引导词，此宾语从句不缺少任何成分，为陈述句，故用引导词that。A.stillB.thenC.neverthelessD.moreover解析：解析 then在此表示结果，意为“那么”。A.workingB.lookingC.arrivingD.getting解析：解析 本段开头提到了地理学家可能被描述为一个观察地区差异的人，换言之，地理就是观察各个地方，空格处填入跟observes近义的词，故选B。What do we mean
30、 by a perfect English pronunciation? In one 21 there are as many different kinds of English as there are speakers of it. 22 two speakers speak in exactly the same 23 , we can always hear differences 24 them, and the pronunciation of English 25 a great deal in different geographical 26 . How do we de
31、cide what sort of English to use as a 27 ? This is not a question that can be 28 in the same way for all foreign learners of English. 29 you live in a part of the world, 30 India or West Africa, where there is a long 31 of speaking English for general communication purposes, you should 32 to acquire
32、 a good variety of the pronunciation of this area. It would be a 33 in these circumstances to use as a model BBC English or 34 of the sort. On the other hand, if you live in a country 35 there is no traditional use of English, you must take 36 your model some form of 37 English pronunciation. It doe
33、s not 38 very much which form you choose. The most 39 way is to take as your model the sort of English you can 40 most often.（分数：40.00）A.meaningB.caseC.senseD.situation解析：解析 根据下一句“我们可以听出差异”，可推断出“英语的种类跟讲英语的人一样多”是从人们讲英语有差别这个意义上来说的，in one sense“在某种意义上”符合上下文语义。A.NotB.NoneC.NoD.Nor解析：解析 根据下文“我们总能听出差别”，推断
34、此处要表达“没有两个人说英语是一样的”，no用于名词前，表示“没有”，故选C。not用于否定everyone等不定代词主语。A.wayB.formC.sortD.type解析：解析 in the same way表示“用相同的方式”，用于修饰speak，表示讲英语的方式。其他三项代入句中句意不通。form“外形”；sort“类型”；type“类型”。A.fromB.amongC.ofD.between解析：解析 根据上文的two speakers，说明是在两者之间，故用介词between。A.variesB.changesC.shiftsD.alters解析：解析 vary强调的是“同类事物间
35、的差异”，此处是指“英语发音的地域差异”。alter和change都强调“由一种状态变为另一种状态”；shift强调“从一个地方转移到另一个地方”。A.townsB.areasC.countriesD.spaces解析：解析 geographical areas指的是“地区”，故选B。town和country通常不跟geographical搭配；space作可数名词，指物体间的间隔或指空地。A.directionB.modelC.symbolD.guide解析：解析 下文是对空格所在问句的回答。根据下文出现的to use as a model BBC English(将BBC英语用作模板)，推
36、断空格应填入model，故选B。direction“方向”；symbol“象征”；guide“指南”。A.givenB.respondedC.answeredD.satisfied解析：解析 空格处的意思为“这不是一个能够_的问题”，answered“回答”代入句中，句意通顺。given不能修饰questions；responded为vi.，后需要加介词to；satisfied“满足”代入句中，句意不通。A.BecauseB.WhenC.WhetherD.If解析：解析 下文On the other.是跟此处并列的情况，其后从句用了表示“假设”的引导词if，故此处也应填入If。A.likeB.
37、inC.asD.near解析：解析 空格后的India or West Africa是对空格前a part of the world的具体例证，like“如”用于引出具体例子，故选A。A.traditionB.useC.customD.habit解析：解析 根据常识，印度和西非有讲英语的传统，故tradition“传统”符合句意。use“使用”代入空格，句意不通；custom指的是习俗，讲英语并非习俗；habit指的是“个人习惯”。A.proposeB.aimC.selectD.tend解析：解析 空格处的意思为“你应该_习得该地的口音”，结合上文的“在此地居住”，推断空格处应填入“容易”含义
38、的词，tend to“易于”符合上下文语义。propose“提议”；aim“旨在”；select“选择”。A.fashionB.nonsenseC.mistakeD.possibility解析：解析 空格后的these circumstances指的是上文提到的“有讲英语传统的国家”，在这些国家将BBC英语作为模板是有违常理的。nonsense“荒唐”符合语境。fashion“时尚”；mistake“错误”；possibility“可能性”。A.everythingB.nothingC.thingsD.anything解析：解析 things of the sort为固定搭配，表示“这类东西”
39、。此处指“BBC英语之类的标准英语”。A.thatB.whereC.whichD.wherever解析：解析 空格处为定语从句的引导词，代替in a country，在从句中充当地点状语，故用where。A.asB.withC.onD.to解析：解析 此处表示“将某种英语发音作为模板”，故用take.as.结构，选A。A.practicalB.domesticC.newD.native解析：解析 根据常识，非英语语言国家的人，应该是需要选某种英语母语的口音为模板，故选D。practical“实用的”；domestic“国内的”；new“新的”。A.careB.affectC.matterD.t
40、rouble解析：解析 上文的some form(某种形式)并没有具体说明哪一种，故推断只要是标准英语，选哪种形式无关紧要，it does not matter(不重要)，符合句意。A.sensitiveB.effectiveC.ordinaryD.careful解析：解析 空格后的take as your model.是一种建议，故空格处填入的应是正面意义的词，effective“有效的”符合这个要求。sensitive“敏感的”；ordinary“普通的”；careful“小心的”。A.listenB.findC.noticeD.hear解析：解析 此处的意思为“选择你能最常_的英语”，四
41、个选项中，hear“听到”代入空格，句意最通顺。引导词that在从句中作宾语，因而被省略了，listen为vi.，后需要加介词to才可以带宾语。Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student. 41 a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the 42 in the reading even if they do not discuss it in cl
42、ass or take an examination. The 43 student is considered to be 44 who is motivated to learn for the sake of 45 , not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned 46 brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is 47 for learn
43、ing the material assigned. When research is 48 , the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with 49 guidance. It is the 50 responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain 51 a university library works; the
44、y expect students, 52 graduate students, to be able to exhaust the reference 53 in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but 54 that their students should not be 55 dependent on them. In the United States professors have many other duties 56 teaching, such as administrative or research work. 57 , the time that a professor can spend with student outside of class is 58 . If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either 59 a professor dining office hour 60 make an appointment.（分数：20.00）A.IfB.AlthoughC.BecauseD.
