1、专业英语四级-40及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、完形填空(总题数：3，分数：100.00)The way that people spend their money, and the objects 1 which they spend it, are the last areas where free choice and individuality can be expressed. The choice reflects personal taste, 2 the way people see themselves and the fantasies they
2、 3 about their lives, the restrictions on money available 4 them, the presence of others in the family with a 5 on that money, and the influence of current convention, 6 surroundings and locality. Shopping is an important human activity. Yet shoppers are 7 with a confusing situation and a(n) 8 chang
3、ing one. The confusion arises from the claims 9 advertising, from inadequate information about new products, new materials, new places to shopa 10 enhanced by rising prices and a(n) 11 choice of goods than ever before. The search 12 the right purchase is based on ignorance of 13 own needs and ignora
4、nce of the products 14 for those needs. When choosing any particular 15 , there are several lines of communication which might provide some guidance. 16 none of these is entirely satisfactory. 17 , you can ask a shop assistant initially. 18 you find one, she may quite 19 not know the answers. She ma
5、y be a schoolgirl with a Saturday job, or a housewife 20 part-time.（分数：40.00）A.inB.toC.atD.onA.inB.toC./D.onA.imagineB.possessC.haveD.ownA.toB.forC.withD.ofA.rightB.demandC.requestD.claimA.growthB.upbringingC.cultivationD.expansionA.dealtB.facedC.copedD.greetedA.suddenlyB.instantlyC.rapidlyD.readily
6、A.made byB.seen inC.hinted atD.set inA.confusionB.pleasureC.depressionD.lonelinessA.amplerB.largerC.broaderD.widerA.fromB.intoC.forD.withA.theirB.onesC.hisD.herA.fitnessB.useC.valueD.worthA.propertyB.itemC.merchandiseD.belongingA.AndB.StillC.YetD.EvenA.As a resultB.For exampleC.YetD.AlsoA.Even ifB.A
7、lthoughC.BecauseD.WhileA.generallyB.automaticallyC.innocentlyD.genuinelyA.studyingB.practicingC.workingD.shoppingOur ape-men forefathers had no obvious natural weapons in the struggle 21 survival in the open. They had neither the powerful teeth nor the strong claws of the big cats. They could not 22
8、 with the bear, whose strength, speed and claws 23 an impressive small-fire weaponry. They could not even defend themselves 21 running swiftly like the horses, zebras or small animals. If the ape-men had attempted to compete on those terms 25 , they would have been 26 to failure and extinction. But
9、they were 27 with enormous concealed advantages of a kind not possessed by any of their competitors. In the search 28 the pickings of the forest, the ape-men had 29 efficient stereoscopic vision and a sense of colour that the animals of the grasslands did not possess. The ability to see clearly at c
10、lose range permitted the ape-men to study practical problems 30 that lay far 31 the reach of the original inhabitants of the grassland. Good long-distance sight was 32 another matter. Lack of long-distance vision had not been a problem for forest-dwelling apes and monkeys because the higher the view
11、point, the greater the range of sightso 33 they had had to do was climb a tree. Out in the open, however, this simple solution was not 34 . Climbing a hill would have helped, but in many places the ground was 35 . The ape-men 36 the only possible solution. They reared up as high as possible on their
12、 hind limbs and began to walk upright. This vital change of physical position brought about considerable 37 . It was extremely unstable and it meant that the already slow ape-men became slower still. 38 , they persevered and their bone structure gradually became 39 to the new, unstable position that
13、 40 them the name Homo Erectus, upright man.（分数：40.00）A.ofB.withC.forD.atA.matchB.compareC.rivalD.equalA.becameB.equippedC.posedD.providedA.inB.uponC.byD.withA.in the openB.in openC.at the openD.at openA.drivenB.doomedC.forcedD.ledA.bestowedB.givenC.presentedD.endowedA.forB.ofC.onD.atA.progressedB.g
14、eneratedC.developedD.advancedA.in a wayB.in wayC.in the wayD.in this wayA.fromB.apartC.beyondD.aboveA.ratherB.quiteC.muchD.reallyA.anythingB.thatC.everythingD.whatA.availableB.enoughC.sufficientD.convenientA.lowB.flatC.lowlandD.levelA.choseB.adoptedC.acceptedD.tookA.advantageB.advantagesC.disadvanta
15、geD.disadvantagesA.HoweverB.ThereforeC.MeanwhileD.SubsequentlyA.accustomedB.familiarizedC.adaptedD.suitedA.obtainedB.calledC.deservedD.earnedThe difference between a liquid and a gas is obvious 41 the conditions of temperature and pressure commonly found 42 of the Earth. A liquid can be kept in an o
16、pen container and 43 it to the level of a free surface. A gas forms no free surface but 44 to diffuse throughout the space available; it must 45 be kept in a closed container, as 46 a planets atmosphere. The distinction was a 47 feature of early theories 48 the phases of matter. In the nineteenth ce
17、ntury, for example, one theory maintained that a liquid could be dissolved in a vapor without losing its identity, and another theory held that the two phases are 49 different kinds of molecules. The theories now prevailing 50 a quite different approach by emphasizing 51 liquids and gases have in co
18、mmon. They are both forms of matter that have no permanent structure, and they both 52 easily. They are fluid. The 53 similarity of liquids and gases becomes clearly apparent when the temperature and pressure are raised somewhat. 54 a closed container partially filled with a liquid is heated. The li
19、quid expands, or 55 , becomes less dense; some of it evaporates. 56 , the vapor above the liquid surface becomes denser as the evaporated molecules are 57 it. The combination of temperature and pressure 58 the densities become equal is 59 the critical point. Above the critical point the liquid and t
20、he gas can no longer be 60 ; there is a single, undifferentiated fluid phase of uniform density.（分数：20.00）A.inB.onC.underD.beyondA.on the surfaceB.at the surfaceC.on surfaceD.at surfaceA.fillsB.be filledC.fillingD.to fillA.intendsB.tendsC.inclinesD.contendsA.howeverB.neverthelessC.soD.thereforeA.in
21、the event ofB.in the case ofC.with a view toD.with reference toA.notoriousB.leadingC.prominentD.outstandingA.having describedB.describedC.describingD.to have describedA.made up ofB.consisted ofC.constituted ofD.made fromA.applyB.adaptC.takeD.conductA.whichB.whatC.thatD./A.alterB.dissolveC.transformD
22、.flowA.elementaryB.crucialC.rudimentaryD.fundamentalA.SupposeB.To supposeC.Being supposedD.SupposedA.in a wordB.in the meantimeC.in other wordsD.in that caseA.SimilarlyB.In contrastC.FurthermoreD.InsteadA.added toB.added up toC.adding toD.adding up toA.on thatB.on whichC.at thatD.at whichA.knownB.de
23、finedC.calledD.referred toA.classifiedB.recognizedC.categorizedD.distinguished专业英语四级-40答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、完形填空(总题数：3，分数：100.00)The way that people spend their money, and the objects 1 which they spend it, are the last areas where free choice and individuality can be expressed. The choice re
24、flects personal taste, 2 the way people see themselves and the fantasies they 3 about their lives, the restrictions on money available 4 them, the presence of others in the family with a 5 on that money, and the influence of current convention, 6 surroundings and locality. Shopping is an important h
25、uman activity. Yet shoppers are 7 with a confusing situation and a(n) 8 changing one. The confusion arises from the claims 9 advertising, from inadequate information about new products, new materials, new places to shopa 10 enhanced by rising prices and a(n) 11 choice of goods than ever before. The
26、search 12 the right purchase is based on ignorance of 13 own needs and ignorance of the products 14 for those needs. When choosing any particular 15 , there are several lines of communication which might provide some guidance. 16 none of these is entirely satisfactory. 17 , you can ask a shop assist
27、ant initially. 18 you find one, she may quite 19 not know the answers. She may be a schoolgirl with a Saturday job, or a housewife 20 part-time.（分数：40.00）A.inB.toC.atD.on解析：解析 spend后的it指代的是空格前的money，spend常用的用法是spend.on sth.，此处的先行词objects为介词on的宾语，在定语从句中用which替代，同时可将on提前，因此选on。A.inB.toC./D.on解析：解析 空格后
28、的the way.themselves(他们看待自己的方式)跟personal taste(个人品味)并列，都作reflects的宾语，名词短语可作宾语，因此空格处不需填入介词。A.imagineB.possessC.haveD.own解析：解析 have fantasies about sth.为固定搭配，表示“对某事抱有幻想”，故选C。imagine“想象”；possess和own都表示“拥有”，但强调拥有对某物的所有权，不符合语义。A.toB.forC.withD.of解析：解析 available to表示“可由获得或使用的”。而available for表示的是“某物被利用的目的”，
29、本题是指“可由他们使用的钱”，故选A。A.rightB.demandC.requestD.claim解析：解析 a claim on/to sth.表示“根据权利而要求(使用)某物”，这里指其他家庭成员要求使用那些钱。A.growthB.upbringingC.cultivationD.expansion解析：解析 空格跟“当下习俗”及“环境和所处的地域”等并列，都表示影响人们如何花钱的因素，upbringing表示“教养”，指对孩子的培养与教导，也能影响人们如何花钱，故选B。growth“生长”；cultivation“耕作”；expansion“扩张”。A.dealtB.facedC.co
30、pedD.greeted解析：解析 此处意为“但购物者_令人困惑的处境”，be faced with表示“面临”，符合题意。be dealt with和be coped with都指“被应付，被处理”；be greeted with“被迎接”。A.suddenlyB.instantlyC.rapidlyD.readily解析：解析 由下一句的三个new短语，可以得出“情况是迅速变化的”，rapidly“迅速地”符合上下文语义。suddenly“突然地”，instantly“立即地”；readily“乐意地，容易地”。A.made byB.seen inC.hinted atD.set in解析
31、：解析 空格处的过去分词短语修饰claims，过去分词与其修饰的词存在逻辑上的被动关系，因此可以将之还原成主动句式来判断。选项中可与claim“声称，宣称”搭配的是make，故选A。A.confusionB.pleasureC.depressionD.loneliness解析：解析 空格后的enhanced(加深了)，显然说的是强化了前面提到的问题，前几句讲的是confusion(困惑)，由此得知答案选A。pleasure“高兴”；depression“抑郁”；loneliness孤独”。A.amplerB.largerC.broaderD.wider解析：解析 结合选项，得知此处意为“选择面
32、很广”。一般说来，表示选择面很广时，choice前用wide来修饰。A.fromB.intoC.forD.with解析：解析 search for.为固定搭配，表示“寻找，搜查”。A.theirB.onesC.hisD.her解析：解析 本句并不特指某个或某些人，因此要用一个表示泛指的代词。one可以单独使用，表示泛指，因此B符合题意。A.fitnessB.useC.valueD.worth解析：解析 此处意为“不清楚该产品是否_自己的需要”，fitness for“对适合”代入空格，句意通顺。use for“对的用处”；value for和worth for意思相近，均指“对的价值”。A.p
33、ropertyB.itemC.merchandiseD.belonging解析：解析 property常指“财产，资产”，与文中shopping的语境不符；item指采购单上列出需购买的某个东西；merchandise指商业上销售或商家拥有货物的总称；belonging指“随身携带的物品、行李”。由空格前的any particular(某个特别的)可知item为最佳选择。A.AndB.StillC.YetD.Even解析：解析 上文说might provide some guidance(可能提供指导)，而本句却说“没有一个完全令人满意”，语义上存在转折，因此yet，“然而”符合语义。stil
34、l虽然有“然而”之意，但不能用于含有none的否定句中。A.As a resultB.For exampleC.YetD.Also解析：解析 下文的ask a shop assistant(询问店员)是上文的lines of communication(好几种交流方式)的具体例子，故空格处填入能引出例子的For example“例如”。A.Even ifB.AlthoughC.BecauseD.While解析：解析 此处的句意为“_你找到了一个售货员，她也可能不知道答案”。even if“即便是”代入空格，符合文意。A.generallyB.automaticallyC.innocentlyD
35、.genuinely解析：解析 下一句说“她可能只是一个在周六来打工的在校女生”，推断出此处要强调“她确实不知道答案”，genuinely“真正地”，符合语义。generally“一般地”；automatically“自动地；innocently“天真地”。A.studyingB.practicingC.workingD.shopping解析：解析 四个选项中，能跟part-time搭配的只有working，短语working part-time表示“做兼职”。Our ape-men forefathers had no obvious natural weapons in the strug
36、gle 21 survival in the open. They had neither the powerful teeth nor the strong claws of the big cats. They could not 22 with the bear, whose strength, speed and claws 23 an impressive small-fire weaponry. They could not even defend themselves 21 running swiftly like the horses, zebras or small anim
37、als. If the ape-men had attempted to compete on those terms 25 , they would have been 26 to failure and extinction. But they were 27 with enormous concealed advantages of a kind not possessed by any of their competitors. In the search 28 the pickings of the forest, the ape-men had 29 efficient stere
38、oscopic vision and a sense of colour that the animals of the grasslands did not possess. The ability to see clearly at close range permitted the ape-men to study practical problems 30 that lay far 31 the reach of the original inhabitants of the grassland. Good long-distance sight was 32 another matt
39、er. Lack of long-distance vision had not been a problem for forest-dwelling apes and monkeys because the higher the viewpoint, the greater the range of sightso 33 they had had to do was climb a tree. Out in the open, however, this simple solution was not 34 . Climbing a hill would have helped, but i
40、n many places the ground was 35 . The ape-men 36 the only possible solution. They reared up as high as possible on their hind limbs and began to walk upright. This vital change of physical position brought about considerable 37 . It was extremely unstable and it meant that the already slow ape-men b
41、ecame slower still. 38 , they persevered and their bone structure gradually became 39 to the new, unstable position that 40 them the name Homo Erectus, upright man.（分数：40.00）A.ofB.withC.forD.at解析：解析 struggle与for和with搭配：struggle with后为斗争的对象，而struggle for后为斗争的目的，survival(生存)显然是斗争的目的，故选C。A.matchB.compa
42、reC.rivalD.equal解析：解析 上一句说猿人祖先没有大型猫科动物那样强有力的牙齿和坚硬的爪子，因此推断此处表示“他们没法与熊相比”，compare with“与相比较”，符合句意。match，rival以及equal作“比得上”时，都为及物动词，不跟with连用。A.becameB.equippedC.posedD.provided解析：解析 原文意为“熊的力量、速度和爪子为自身_了很好的武器”，provided“提供”代入空格，句意通顺。equipped“装备”为及物动词，其用法为equip sb. with sth.；became“变成”；posed“提出”。A.inB.upo
43、nC.byD.with解析：解析 空格后的“快速奔跑”是“保护它们自己”的方式，因此选择表“方式”的介词by“通过”。with表示“用(工具)”，后面一般接名词，而非动名词。A.in the openB.in openC.at the openD.at open解析：解析 in the open为固定短语，表示“在露天”。从文章首句及第三段第二句也可找到该同组。A.drivenB.doomedC.forcedD.led解析：解析 四个选项都有“被迫导致的境地”之义，但B项doomed有“上天注定遭到厄运”之义，有“必然的”含义，而且be doomed to failure/to fail是较常
44、见的搭配，故选B。A.bestowedB.givenC.presentedD.endowed解析：解析 空格后讲的是猿人具备一些其竞争者没有的优势，这些优势不可能是某人给的，而是大自然赋予的，be endowed with指“先天具备”。bestowed“赠与”；given“把给予”；presented“赠送”。A.forB.ofC.onD.at解析：解析 空格后的the pickings of the forest(森林中可以采摘的东西)是寻找的目标，for表示(寻找)目标，故选A。A.progressedB.generatedC.developedD.advanced解析：解析 空格后接“
45、立体视觉和色感”，developed能表示“自身潜在技能的开发”，“立体视觉和色感”属于一种自身潜能，故选C。progressed“进步”后不接宾语；generated“产生”，从本文可以推知，猿人本来是有视觉的，故不选“产生”；advanced“推动”。A.in a wayB.in wayC.in the wayD.in this way解析：解析 结合选项，得知本句话要表达“由于能够看清近距离的物体，猿人能以一种的方式来考虑实际问题”，泛指某种方式应用不定冠词，故选A。A.fromB.apartC.beyondD.above解析：解析 beyond the reach of为固定搭配，表示“超出的能力”。A.ratherB.quiteC.muchD.really解析：解析 本句意为“良好的远程视力_是另外一回事”，quite作副词是表示“完全地”，代入空格，句意通顺，故选B。
