1、专业英语四级-37及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、完型填空题(总题数：3，分数：100.00)The introduction of new varieties of rice and wheat in Asia and Latin America has been 1 as the Green Revolution. So far the new seeds and the 2 technology have not resulted 3 increased agricultural production 4 or reduced malnutrition. The
2、 direct, quantitative effects of high-yielding 5 of food grains have been modest. The indirect and quantitative effects, however, have sometimes 6 significant. The new technology has led to 7 in crop pattern and in methods of production. It has accelerated the development of 8 market-orientated, cap
3、italist agriculture. It has encouraged the growth of wage labor, and 9 helped to create or augment a 10 of agricultural laborers. It has increased the power of landowners, and this in 11 has been associated with a greater 12 of classes and intensified conflict. Changes in status and class alignments
4、 have been accompanied 13 changes in the distribution of income. Profits and rents have increased absolutely and relatively. The share of wages has declined and in some 14 real wages rates or the number of days worked, or both, have declined. In 15 , an old system of agriculture, slowly 16 swiftly i
5、s in the 17 of being destroyed by the advance of contemporary technology. The policies that have accompanied the Green Revolution in many 18 countries have aggravated the problems these countries 19 . Supplies of some commodities have increased, but the rate of growth of total agricultural productio
6、n has shown little 20 to rise. At the same time, inequality has become worse, poverty has increased absolutely.（分数：30.00）A.consideredB.thoughtC.knownD.calledA.accompaniedB.accompanyingC.consequentD.consequentialA.fromB.byC.ofD.inA.percentB.percentageC.per headD.per manA.variationB.varietyC.varianceD
7、.variableA.beenB.to beC.beingD.beA.reformsB.modificationsC.changesD.transformationA.theB.oneC.certainD.aA.thereinB.thereofC.therebyD.thereonA.classB.groupC.crowdD.gangA.thatB.turnC.allD.timeA.polarizationB.polarityC.divisionD.extremityA.fromB.inC.toD.byA.timesB.eventsC.instancesD.fieldsA.shortB.word
8、C.trifleD.essenceA.andB.orC.butD.norA.wayB.processC.procedureD.actionA.underdevelopedB.under developingC.developedD.non-developingA.facingB.confrontingC.faceD.confront withA.intentionB.temptationC.tendencyD.attemptDuring the traditional wedding ceremony, the 21 couple promise each other lifelong dev
9、otion. Yet, about one out of four American marriages ends in divorce. Since 1940, the divorce rate has more than doubled, and experts predict that, of all marriages that 22 in the 2000s, about 50% will end in divorce. The U.S. has one of the highest divorce rates in the world, perhaps 23 the highest
10、. What 24 wrong? The fact that divorce is so common in the United States does not mean that Americans consider marriage a casual, unimportant 25 . Just the opposite is 26 . Americans expect a great 27 from marriage. They seek physical, emotional, and intellectual compatibility. They want to be deepl
11、y loved and 28 . It is because Americans expect so much from marriage that so many get divorced. They prefer no marriage at all to a marriage without love and understanding. With typical American optimism, they end one marriage 29 that the next will be happier. 30 no-fault divorce laws in many state
12、s, it is easier than before to get a divorce. Some American women, 31 in unhappy marriages because they dont have the education or job 32 to support themselves and their children. But most American women believe that, if necessary, they can 33 alone without a husband. When a couple gets divorced, th
13、e court may 34 the man to pay his former wife a monthly sum of money 35 alimony. The amount of alimony depends on the husbands 36 , the wifes needs and the 37 of the marriage. Occasionally, the court decides that a woman should 38 her husband alimony. About 10% of American women 39 their husbands. T
14、he court may decide that she must continue to support him after the divorce. This is a rather new 40 in the United States.（分数：30.00）A.devotedB.lovingC.belovedD.bridalA.occurredB.happenedC.madeD.gotA.hardlyB.evenC.eventuallyD.usuallyA.findsB.pondersC.goesD.getsA.relationshipB.rotationC.foundationD.in
15、spirationA.rightB.trueC.factualD.factA.qualityB.dealC.lotD.amountA.understoodB.enjoyedC.inspectedD.censoredA.in the hopeB.on the hope ofC.on the hopeD.in hope ofA.ForB.WithC.WithoutD.OnA.ensureB.stayC.liveD.sufferA.opportunitiesB.experienceC.skillsD.supplyA.make it sureB.make it forC.make itD.make i
16、t upA.requireB.adviseC.askD.tellA.callB.to callC.calledD.callingA.incomeB.conscienceC.responsibilityD.willingnessA.lengthB.timeC.typeD.historyA.giveB.supplyC.provideD.payA.outweighB.outnumberC.compensateD.out earnA.ideaB.conceptC.trendD.situationThe government is to ban payments to witnesses by news
17、papers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 41 the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant 42 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 43 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 44 and will strictly control the amount of 45 tha
18、t can be given to a case 46 a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select conunittee, Lord Irvine said he 47 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 48 sufficient control. 49 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvin
19、e caused a 50 of media protest when he said the 51 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 52 to Parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 53 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 54 in Britain, laid down that ev
20、erybody was 55 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. Press freedoms will be in safe hands 56 our British judges, he said. Witness payments became an 57 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 58 to have r
21、eceived payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 59 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 60 guilty verdicts.（分数：40.00）A.as toB.for instanceC.in particularD.such asA.tighteningB.intensifyingC.focusingD.fasteningA.sketchB.roughC.preliminar
22、yD.draftA.illogicalB.illegalC.improbableD.improperA.publicityB.penaltyC.popularityD.peculiarityA.sinceB.ifC.beforeD.asA.sidedB.sharedC.compliedD.agreedA.presentB.offerC.manifestD.indicateA.ReleaseB.PublicationC.PrintingD.ExposureA.stormB.rageC.flareD.flashA.translationB.interpretationC.exhibitionD.d
23、emonstrationA.better thanB.other thanC.rather thanD.sooner thanA.changesB.makesC.setsD.turnsA.bindingB.convincingC.restrainingD.sustainingA.authorizedB.creditedC.entitledD.qualifiedA.withB.toC.fromD.byA.impactB.incidentC.inferenceD.issueA.statedB.remarkedC.saidD.toldA.whatB.whenC.whichD.thatA.assure
24、B.confideC.ensureD.guarantee专业英语四级-37答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、完型填空题(总题数：3，分数：100.00)The introduction of new varieties of rice and wheat in Asia and Latin America has been 1 as the Green Revolution. So far the new seeds and the 2 technology have not resulted 3 increased agricultural production 4 o
25、r reduced malnutrition. The direct, quantitative effects of high-yielding 5 of food grains have been modest. The indirect and quantitative effects, however, have sometimes 6 significant. The new technology has led to 7 in crop pattern and in methods of production. It has accelerated the development
26、of 8 market-orientated, capitalist agriculture. It has encouraged the growth of wage labor, and 9 helped to create or augment a 10 of agricultural laborers. It has increased the power of landowners, and this in 11 has been associated with a greater 12 of classes and intensified conflict. Changes in
27、status and class alignments have been accompanied 13 changes in the distribution of income. Profits and rents have increased absolutely and relatively. The share of wages has declined and in some 14 real wages rates or the number of days worked, or both, have declined. In 15 , an old system of agric
28、ulture, slowly 16 swiftly is in the 17 of being destroyed by the advance of contemporary technology. The policies that have accompanied the Green Revolution in many 18 countries have aggravated the problems these countries 19 . Supplies of some commodities have increased, but the rate of growth of t
29、otal agricultural production has shown little 20 to rise. At the same time, inequality has become worse, poverty has increased absolutely.（分数：30.00）A.consideredB.thoughtC.knownD.called解析：解析 此处的句意为“亚洲和拉美国家对新品种水稻和小麦的引进_作绿色革命”，be known as意为“被称作，作为而闻名”代入空格，句意通顺，故选C。A.accompaniedB.accompanyingC.consequen
30、tD.consequential解析：解析 accompanied“由陪同的”；accompanying“附随的”；consequent“随之发生的”；consequential“重要的”，此处要表达的是“随着新型种子引入的技术”，B项符合句意。A.fromB.byC.ofD.in解析：解析 原句意为“新引入的种子和随之引入的技术并没有农业产量的增加”，result in意为“导致”，符合句意，故选D。A.percentB.percentageC.per headD.per man解析：解析 agricultural production per head为固定搭配，意为“人均粮食产量”，故选
31、C。A.variationB.varietyC.varianceD.variable解析：解析 空格处被high-yielding(高产量的)修饰，四个选项中，能被high-yielding修饰的只有variation“变种”。variety“多样”；variance“矛盾”；variable“变量”。A.beenB.to beC.beingD.be解析：解析 根据空格前的have可以确定，要么填入过去分词been构成完成时，要么填入to be构成have to do结构，have to be“必须是”代入空格，句意不通，故选A。A.reformsB.modificationsC.change
32、sD.transformation解析：解析 reform“改革”，改革对象一般为体系、制度；modification“改良”一般指朝好的方向变化；transformation“转变”强调性质完全变化。这三项都不适合概括下文的所提到的变化。changes“变化”强调与之前不同，切合语境。A.theB.oneC.certainD.a解析：解析 此处泛指“以市场为导向的资本主义农业”，故用不定冠词a。A.thereinB.thereofC.therebyD.thereon解析：解析 空格前提到“新技术还促进了雇佣劳动形式的发展”，而空格后说“有助于推动农业劳动者的产生和规模增长”，空格前后存在逻辑
33、上的因果关系，故选thereby“从而”。therein“在那里”；thereof“关于它的”；thereon“在上”。A.classB.groupC.crowdD.gang解析：解析 上一句提到“新技术还促进了雇佣劳动形式的发展”，顺着这个逻辑，这会导致“农业劳动者阶级的产生”，故选A。本段最后一句的of classes与此处相呼应。A.thatB.turnC.allD.time解析：解析 空格后意为“这跟更加严重的阶级和更加激化的冲突有关”，这跟上文的“农业劳动者阶级的产生，地主阶层的权力增大”是一种顺承的关系，in turn“进而”能表达这种顺承关系，故选B。A.polarization
34、B.polarityC.divisionD.extremity解析：解析 根据上文的“农业劳动者阶级的产生，地主阶层的权力增大”，推知这会导致“阶级的两极分化”，polarization“两极分化”符合语境。polarity“对立”；division“部门”；extremity“极度”。A.fromB.inC.toD.by解析：解析 be accompanied by为固定搭配，意为“伴随着”，此处指“伴随着收入分配的变化”，故选D。A.timesB.eventsC.instancesD.fields解析：解析 in some instances为固定搭配，意为“在某些情况下”。A.short
35、B.wordC.trifleD.essence解析：解析 下文是对上文的总结，in short“简单说来”能用于对上文进行总结概括，符合语境，故选A。in a word“总之”也可以表“总结”，但B项缺少冠词a；trifle“琐事”；in essence“本质上”。A.andB.orC.butD.nor解析：解析 slowly和swiftly是一组相反含义的词，or可以连接相反含义的词，表示选择关系。故选B。A.wayB.processC.procedureD.action解析：解析 in the process of意为“处于的过程中”，此处表示“处于被现代科技破坏的过程中”，故选B。pro
36、cedure“步骤”；action“行动”。A.underdevelopedB.under developingC.developedD.non-developing解析：解析 文章首句就提到，引入新型种子的是亚洲和拉丁美洲国家，亚洲和拉丁美国家多为“欠发达国家”，因此选择underdeveloped“欠发达的”。A.facingB.confrontingC.faceD.confront with解析：解析 空格作定语从句的谓语，故排除非谓语动词A、B，此外，从句的引导词在从句中替代先行词the problems作宾语，还原过来是these countries _ the problems，f
37、ace“面临”代入空格，句意通顺。be confronted with才表示“面临”，D项用主动，应排除。A.intentionB.temptationC.tendencyD.attempt解析：解析 intention“目的”；temptation“诱惑”；tendency“趋势”；attempt“努力”。此处意为“粮食生产总量并没有显示出上升的_”，C项符合句意。During the traditional wedding ceremony, the 21 couple promise each other lifelong devotion. Yet, about one out of
38、four American marriages ends in divorce. Since 1940, the divorce rate has more than doubled, and experts predict that, of all marriages that 22 in the 2000s, about 50% will end in divorce. The U.S. has one of the highest divorce rates in the world, perhaps 23 the highest. What 24 wrong? The fact tha
39、t divorce is so common in the United States does not mean that Americans consider marriage a casual, unimportant 25 . Just the opposite is 26 . Americans expect a great 27 from marriage. They seek physical, emotional, and intellectual compatibility. They want to be deeply loved and 28 . It is becaus
40、e Americans expect so much from marriage that so many get divorced. They prefer no marriage at all to a marriage without love and understanding. With typical American optimism, they end one marriage 29 that the next will be happier. 30 no-fault divorce laws in many states, it is easier than before t
41、o get a divorce. Some American women, 31 in unhappy marriages because they dont have the education or job 32 to support themselves and their children. But most American women believe that, if necessary, they can 33 alone without a husband. When a couple gets divorced, the court may 34 the man to pay
42、 his former wife a monthly sum of money 35 alimony. The amount of alimony depends on the husbands 36 , the wifes needs and the 37 of the marriage. Occasionally, the court decides that a woman should 38 her husband alimony. About 10% of American women 39 their husbands. The court may decide that she
43、must continue to support him after the divorce. This is a rather new 40 in the United States.（分数：30.00）A.devotedB.lovingC.belovedD.bridal解析：解析 由空格前的wedding ceremony(婚礼)，推断此处是讲“新婚夫妇”，bridal“婚礼的”符合语境。devoted“忠实的”；loving“有爱情的”；beloved“心爱的”。A.occurredB.happenedC.madeD.got解析：解析 空格处作定语从句的谓语，空格后未带宾语，由此确定应为
44、不及物动词，答案锁定在A、B之间；happen“发生”强调偶然发生；occur“发生”可表示计划性安排，故选A。A.hardlyB.evenC.eventuallyD.usually解析：解析 空格前的one of the highest(最高之一)到空格后的the highest(最高)，是一个递进的关系，even表示递进，故选B。A.findsB.pondersC.goesD.gets解析：解析 sth. goes wrong为固定搭配，表示“某物出问题了”，故选C。ponder“思索”。A.relationshipB.rotationC.foundationD.inspiration解析
45、：解析 此处意为“美国人认为婚姻是一场不严肃、不重要的_”，relationship“关系”代入空格，句意通顺，故选A。rotation“旋转”；foundation“基础”；inspiration“灵感”。A.rightB.trueC.factualD.fact解析：解析 根据下文的expect a great(期待很多)等描述，可推断美国人是很重视婚姻，即“相反的那一面是跟实际情况相符的”，true强调跟实际情况一样，故选B。right“正确的”，强调正误；factual也可以表示“真实的”，但一般用作定语。A.qualityB.dealC.lotD.amount解析：解析 四个选项中，能被great修饰的只有deal，故选B。quality“质量”；lot不能跟great连用；amount常用large修饰。A.understoodB.enjoyedC.inspectedD.censored解析：解析 由下文的They prefer no marriage at all to a marriage without lo
