1、专业英语四级-26及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、完型填空题(总题数：3，分数：100.00)Human males hying with their moms may not expect to have much luck hooking up this Valentines Day. 1 among the northern Muriqui monkeys, males that spend the most time around their mothers seem to get a(n) 2 boost when mating time rolls aro
2、und. The findings, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA , suggest that females in some species 3 have evolved to play a critical role in their sons reproductive 4 . Karen Strier, the papers lead author and a professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, says the p
3、aper 5 the so-called grandmother hypothesis, a concept 6 human females evolved to live past their 7 reproductive years to spend more time 8 offspring. The research team observed and 9 genetic data from a group of 67 wild monkeys living in a protected reserve in Brazils Atlantic Forest: infants, moth
4、ers and possible fathers. They found that six out of the thirteen 10 males they studied spent more time around their mothers 11 would be expected by chance. These same six monkeys, on 12 , reproduced the greatest number of offspring. The investigators are still trying to 13 out why. Its not like we
5、see moms intervening and helping their sons out, Strier says. Maybe 14 sitting near their moms, they get to see when females are 15 active, or maybe they just get more familiar with other 16 . The findings can 17 with future conservation efforts for the critically 18 animals. Strier says, the 19 tir
6、ing we would want to do is 20 a male out of the group where it was born.（分数：30.00）A.ButB.WhenC.IfD.AndA.strengthenedB.excessiveC.addedD.increasedA.canB.shouldC.mustD.mayA.healthB.capabilityC.successD.desireA.provesB.extendsC.testsD.rejectsA.in whichB.in thatC.on whichD.whatA.earlyB.lateC.primeD.enti
7、reA.raisingB.rearingC.producingD.helpingA.collectedB.groupedC.assembledD.storedA.infantB.adolescentC.adultD.oldA.asB.thanC.whichD.thatA.averageB.occasionC.purposeD.balanceA.putB.takeC.figureD.drawA.inB.byC./D.onA.sexuallyB.emotionallyC.physicallyD.mentallyA.monkeysB.femalesC.malesD.animalsA.interfer
8、eB.varyC.dealD.helpA.threatenedB.diseasedC.importantD.injuredA.onlyB.firstC.nextD.lastA.takenB.takingC.takeD.to takeWhat does the hamburger say about our modern food economy? A lot, actually. Over the past several years Waldo Jaquith intended to make a hamburger from scratch, to no avail. Further 21
9、 revealed that its quite impractical 22 impossibleto make a hamburger from scratch, he writes. Tomatoes are in season in the late summer. Lettuce is in season in spring and fall. Large mammals are 23 in early winter. The process of making 24 burger would take nearly a year and would inherently invol
10、ve omitting some core hamburger 25 . That the hamburgerour delicious and comforting everyman fooddidnt 26 100 years ago is a greasy, shiny example of all that is both right 27 wrong with our modern food economy. 28 fertilizers, genetically modified crops, concentrated farming operations and global o
11、vernight shipping, much of the world was lifted out of starvation 29 it could finally grow 30 quantities of food with decreasing labor 31 . But these same advances 32 allow food to be grown out of 33 and in all comers of the globe contribute to a whole host of environmental 34 . The industrializatio
12、n of food, as author Paul Roberts puts it, is an endless cycle driven by very small price 35 that force food processors to 36 more advanced techniques to produce even more food 37 lower prices. This system will only be aggravated as food demand 38 . Recently David Tilman and Jason Hill of the Univer
13、sity of Minnesota released a study 39 that global food demand could double by 2050. Its 40 that our current, impractical food economy can sustain that demand.（分数：30.00）A.reflectionB.calculationC.inquiryD.searchA.barelyB.roughlyC.slightlyD.nearlyA.slaughteredB.bredC.starvedD.protectedA.a suchB.such a
14、C.suchD.so aA.flavorsB.tastesC.recipesD.ingredientsA.occurB.existC.surviveD.maintainA.andB.orC.yetD.butA.Liable toB.In terms ofC.In view ofD.Thanks toA.whileB.unlessC.becauseD.ifA.largeB.significantC.considerableD.sufficientA.classB.inputC.poolD.mobilityA.thatB.asC./D.whichA.proportionB.controlC.sty
15、leD.seasonA.benefitsB.topicsC.problemsD.policiesA.changesB.increasesC.variationsD.marginsA.chooseB.adoptC.acceptD.takeA.forB.atC.overD.aboutA.advancesB.transfersC.increasesD.progressesA.denyingB.findingC.provingD.anticipatingA.doubtfulB.impossibleC.likelyD.hopefulSome people are friendly drunks, whe
16、reas others are hostile, potentially posing a danger to themselves and others. The difference may 41 in their ability to foresee the consequences of their actions, according to a recent study. Brad Bushman, a psychologist at Ohio State University, and his colleagues asked nearly 500 volunteers to pl
17、ay a simple game. The subjects, an even mix of women and men, believed they were competing 42 an opponent to press a button as quickly as possible. In 43 , they were simply using a computer program that randomly decided 44 they had won or lost. When they lost, they 45 a shock. When the opponent lost
18、, the participant gave the shock and chose how long and 46 it should be. 47 playing, the participants completed a survey designed to 48 their general concern for the 49 consequences of their actions. Half the participants then received enough alcohol mixed with orange juice to make them legally 50 ,
19、 and the other half received a drink with a very 51 amount of alcohol in it. Subjects who expressed little interest in consequences were more likely to 52 longer, stronger shocks. In the 53 group, they were slightly more aggressive than people who 54 about consequences. When drunk, 55 , their aggres
20、siveness was off the charts. They are 56 the most aggressive people in the study, Bushman says. The good news is this 57 can be changed. Michael McKloskey, a psychologist at Temple University, explains that if 58 people can learn to see the 59 more realistically, theyre able to stay calmer and devel
21、op a sense of 60 over their consequences.（分数：40.00）A.situateB.lieC.rootD.locateA.uponB.forC.onD.againstA.theoryB.turnC.realityD.returnA.whetherB.thatC.howD.whatA.initiatedB.evadedC.expectedD.receivedA.sharpB.seriousC.painfulD.intenseA.AfterB.DuringC.BeforeD.WhenA.expressB.measureC.evokeD.communicate
22、A.actualB.moralC.futureD.distantA.drunkB.drinkC.drinkingD.to drinkA.largeB.regularC.moderateD.tinyA.getB.administerC.experienceD.endureA.experimentalB.opponentC.soberD.originalA.caredB.thoughtC.talkedD.learnedA.thereforeB.thenC.howeverD.moreoverA.in allB.at bestC.for allD.by farA.experimentB.traitC.
23、resultD.theoryA.averageB.youngC.pessimisticD.impulsiveA.timeB.eventC.situationD.conditionA.controlB.guiltC.regretD.humor专业英语四级-26答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、完型填空题(总题数：3，分数：100.00)Human males hying with their moms may not expect to have much luck hooking up this Valentines Day. 1 among the northern M
24、uriqui monkeys, males that spend the most time around their mothers seem to get a(n) 2 boost when mating time rolls around. The findings, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA , suggest that females in some species 3 have evolved to play a critical role in their sons r
25、eproductive 4 . Karen Strier, the papers lead author and a professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, says the paper 5 the so-called grandmother hypothesis, a concept 6 human females evolved to live past their 7 reproductive years to spend more time 8 offspring. The research team observed and
26、 9 genetic data from a group of 67 wild monkeys living in a protected reserve in Brazils Atlantic Forest: infants, mothers and possible fathers. They found that six out of the thirteen 10 males they studied spent more time around their mothers 11 would be expected by chance. These same six monkeys,
27、on 12 , reproduced the greatest number of offspring. The investigators are still trying to 13 out why. Its not like we see moms intervening and helping their sons out, Strier says. Maybe 14 sitting near their moms, they get to see when females are 15 active, or maybe they just get more familiar with
28、 other 16 . The findings can 17 with future conservation efforts for the critically 18 animals. Strier says, the 19 tiring we would want to do is 20 a male out of the group where it was born.（分数：30.00）A.ButB.WhenC.IfD.And解析：解析 文章开头提到和母亲一起生活的男人可能很难找到红粉佳人共度情人节。本句说对于经常待在母亲身边的Muriqui公猴来说，在交配季节会有优势(boost
29、)。空格前后是对比转折的关系，故填入But。A.strengthenedB.excessiveC.addedD.increased解析：解析 本句要表达经常待在母亲身边的公猴更有优势之意，需要填入修饰boost的形容词。此处应与不经常待在母亲身边的公猴进行比较，因此added“更多的”最合适。strengthened“加强的”；excessive“过量的”；increased“增加的”。A.canB.shouldC.mustD.may解析：解析 上文提到seem to“似乎”，因此这里应是雌性“可能”已经进化出一种能力，故填入may表推测。can表推测时一般用于否定句中；must have d
30、one“肯定做了某事”；should have done“本该做某事(但没有做成)”。A.healthB.capabilityC.successD.desire解析：解析 句意为：雌性对雄性后代的繁殖发挥着关键作用。从逻辑上说，能对后代产生影响的不会是繁殖capability“能力”、desire“欲望”或heath“健康”，合乎逻辑的是success“成功”。A.provesB.extendsC.testsD.rejects解析：解析 根据后文提到的“人类女性进化到在生育期结束后继续存活，以花时间在后代上”，可知这个假说与研究成果一致，因此extends正确，指论文“拓展”了所谓的祖母假说。
31、同时可排除rejects“否决”；而proves“论证”和tests“检验”都与空格后的so-call(所谓的)矛盾。A.in whichB.in thatC.on whichD.what解析：解析 空格后是修饰concept的从句，其主干为：human females evolved.，其结构完整，因此可能是同位语从句或定语从句。同位语从句只可填入that，选项中没有；而如果是定语从句，concept在从句中可能是某个介词的宾语，指“在这个概念中”，因此需用介词in，故in which为答案。A.earlyB.lateC.primeD.entire解析：解析 此处需要填入修饰reproduc
32、tive years(生育期)的词。生育期有很多年，而此处要表达女性在生育期之后花时间在后代上，即她们寿命延长了，由此可排除early。而late和entire用在此处都可表达活过了整个生育期，可同时排除。prime指“主要的”，可形容最佳的一段时期，合乎逻辑。A.raisingB.rearingC.producingD.helping解析：解析 上文的研究成果说雌性对雄性后代的繁殖发挥着关键作用，因此这里不会是“抚养”后代，可同时排除raising和rearing；也不是“生产”(producing)后代；最可能的是“帮助”(helping)后代。A.collectedB.groupedC.
33、assembledD.stored解析：解析 此处需填入与observed(观察)并列的谓语动词，宾语是data，故填入collect“收集”。group“分组”；assembled指“组装”；stored“储存”。A.infantB.adolescentC.adultD.old解析：解析 这个研究是针对公猴找配偶的多少进行的，因此研究的是“成年的”雄性，故adult正确。infant“婴儿期的”；adolescent“青少年期的”。A.asB.thanC.whichD.that解析：解析 空格前的more表明此处用than引导比较状语从句。A.averageB.occasionC.purpo
34、seD.balance解析：解析 此处要表达的意思是：更多时间与母亲待在一起的6只公猴，也是繁殖后代最多的6只。on average意为“平均来看”，符合句意。on occasion“有时”；on purpose“故意”；on balance“总而言之”，一般指对既定事实的总结。A.putB.takeC.figureD.draw解析：解析 figure out“弄清楚，搞明白；计算出”，表示调查人员仍在努力“找出”原因。put out“扑灭”；take out“取出”；draw out“拖长；提取存款”。A.inB.byC./D.on解析：解析 此处指公猴“通过”与母亲接近，更懂得雌性。by表
35、方式，可表示“通过”，如earn ones living by selling insurance(靠卖保险为生)，符合空格的用法需求。A.sexuallyB.emotionallyC.physicallyD.mentally解析：解析 第一段提及与母亲经常在一起的公猴在交配季(mating time)更能得到异性的青睐，与mating相呼应的是sexually，表示它们知道母猴什么时候处于“性”活跃期。emotionally“感情上”；physically“生理上”；mentally“心理上”。A.monkeysB.femalesC.malesD.animals解析：解析 此处分析常与母亲待
36、在一起的公猴更能得到异性青眯的第二个原因。公猴是male，母亲是female，因此空格应填入females，表示它们对其他“女性”更熟悉。A.interfereB.varyC.dealD.help解析：解析 help with sth.“有助于做某事”，这里指这些发现有助于以后的保护丁作。interfere with“妨碍，干扰”；vary“变化”；deal with“处理”。A.threatenedB.diseasedC.importantD.injured解析：解析 空格前提到conservation“保护”，结合本文说繁殖后代的话题，可知这里应指极度濒危的动物，故填入threatened
37、“受到威胁的”。diseased“患病的”；important“重要的”；injured“受伤的”。A.onlyB.firstC.nextD.last解析：解析 后文提到将雄性物种带离于它所出生的群体之外，即将它们带离母亲身边。根据研究结果，这对后代繁殖不利，因此应该是要避免的行为。故空格处要填入last，表示最后要做的事，也就是要避免的事。A.takenB.takingC.takeD.to take解析：解析 此处要填入的部分作句子的表语，is前面出现了实义动词do，故空格处使用省略to的动词不定式，take正确。What does the hamburger say about our m
38、odern food economy? A lot, actually. Over the past several years Waldo Jaquith intended to make a hamburger from scratch, to no avail. Further 21 revealed that its quite impractical 22 impossibleto make a hamburger from scratch, he writes. Tomatoes are in season in the late summer. Lettuce is in sea
39、son in spring and fall. Large mammals are 23 in early winter. The process of making 24 burger would take nearly a year and would inherently involve omitting some core hamburger 25 . That the hamburgerour delicious and comforting everyman fooddidnt 26 100 years ago is a greasy, shiny example of all t
40、hat is both right 27 wrong with our modern food economy. 28 fertilizers, genetically modified crops, concentrated farming operations and global overnight shipping, much of the world was lifted out of starvation 29 it could finally grow 30 quantities of food with decreasing labor 31 . But these same
41、advances 32 allow food to be grown out of 33 and in all comers of the globe contribute to a whole host of environmental 34 . The industrialization of food, as author Paul Roberts puts it, is an endless cycle driven by very small price 35 that force food processors to 36 more advanced techniques to p
42、roduce even more food 37 lower prices. This system will only be aggravated as food demand 38 . Recently David Tilman and Jason Hill of the University of Minnesota released a study 39 that global food demand could double by 2050. Its 40 that our current, impractical food economy can sustain that dema
43、nd.（分数：30.00）A.reflectionB.calculationC.inquiryD.search解析：解析 上文提到Waldo Jaquith从零开始做汉堡，但徒劳无功。本句应是对上文的总结，空格要填入句子的主语，根据revealed that.(显示)可知，reflection“反思”正确。calculation“计算”；inquiry“询问”；search“搜索”。A.barelyB.roughlyC.slightlyD.nearly解析：解析 破折号中间的部分应是对quite impractical(非常不切实际的)进一步补充，因此需要表“肯定”的副词修饰impossibl
44、e，表达不可能之意，故选。neally“几乎”。barely“几乎不”是否定意义的副词；slightly“轻微地”和roughly“粗略地”的程度不如nearly。A.slaughteredB.bredC.starvedD.protected解析：解析 上文提到制作汉堡包需要的tomatoes(西红柿)和lettuce(生菜)，此句的主语Large mammals(大型哺乳动物)是肉食的来源，此空填入slaughtered，表示“屠宰”。A.a suchB.such aC.suchD.so a解析：解析 burger是可数名词，故需要冠词a修饰，such a burger指“一个这样的汉堡包”
45、。A.flavorsB.tastesC.recipesD.ingredients解析：解析 上文提到的tomatoes(西红柿)和lettuce(生菜)以及肉类都是制作汉堡的主要原料，故ingredients“原料”正确。A.occurB.existC.surviveD.maintain解析：解析 空格处于主语从句中，需填入谓语动词。主语为hamburger，由100 years ago可推测汉堡包在100年前还不“存在”，因此exist正确。occur“发生”；survive“生存”；maintain“维持”。A.andB.orC.yetD.but解析：解析 根据空格前的both，填入and，表示对现代食品经济既是对的，又是错的。A.Liable toB.In terms ofC.In view ofD.Thanks to解析：解析 后文提到，世界上大部分人免受饥饿，因此这里应是“由于”有了化肥、转基因作物、农场集中种植和全球快运等，所以选thanks to“由于”。liable to“易受”；
