1、专业英语四级（阅读）-试卷169及答案解析 (总分：30.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、READING COMPREHENSIO(总题数：11，分数：30.00)1.PART V READING COMPREHENSION_2.SECTION AIn this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one th
2、at you think is the best answer._Whats the first step to getting a job interview? Getting past the recruiter. Recruiters are usually your first contact with a potential employer. And they often decide whether your resume lands on the hiring managers desk or in a far-off filing cabinet. While its imp
3、ortant to know the basics of what recruiters do, you also need to know what they DONT do. After all, you dont want an inappropriate request to ruin your chances for an interview. Here are four things you shouldnt ask of a recruiter. Dont Be Overly Friendly Sure, recruiters are usually warm, friendly
4、 and helpful. After all, its their job to put you at ease and guide you through the hiring process. But theyre professional colleagues, and its crucial that you never forget it. Think of the recruiter as a respected coworker and treat them accordingly. Be friendly, but not overly casual or familiar.
5、 Its wise to keep personal conversations, jokes and physical contact to a minimum. After a tough interview with a hiring manager, you may be relived to see a recruiters smiling face. Dont be tempted to let your guard down though; youre still on, even if the interview has ended. A useful rule of thum
6、b: Dont say or do anything in front of a recruiter that you wouldnt say or do in front of your boss(or your mother). Dont Expect Career Coaching The recruiters goal is not to help you get a job. Its to help you navigate the hiring process at one specific company. Recruiters arent career coaches. Its
7、 not appropriate to ask them to help you craft your cover letter, edit your resume or plan your career path. You can ask questions about the company or industry in general, but try to relate your questions to the job youre being considered for. And save your best, most thoughtful questions for the h
8、iring managerthats who you need to impress most. Dont Ask for Insider Information Theres only one job candidate you really need to worry about: You. Though it may be hard to resist, dont ask about who youre up against for a job. Recruiters generally wont share information about other candidates. And
9、 asking for specific details about the competition makes you look insecure in your own skills. However, questions about the hiring process or the position itself are fair game. For example, Are you still interviewing candidates? How large is the current pool of candidates? Dont Request Special Treat
10、ment Although you may wish you were, youre probably not the only candidate for the job. And, while recruiters are often happy to help, their aim is not to be your advocate to the hiring manager. Their aim is to fill a position. Never ask a recruiter to put in a good word for you with the hiring mana
11、ger. If they think youre a strong candidate, theyll probably sing your praises anyway. Taking the initiative and speaking for yourself shows the hiring manager that youre capable, confident and conscientious. Remember, if you treat the recruiter well, chances are theyll treat you the same way.（分数：6.
12、00）(1).Whats the central topic of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The recruiters and the interviewers.B.Four donts when dealing with recruiters.C.Dont request special treatment.D.Dont ask for insider information.(2).What kind of questions can you ask according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.If the recruiter will
13、put in a good word for you with the hiring manager.B.If the recruiter can give you some instructions on the job.C.The information of other applicants.D.Questions about the company or industry in general.(3).All of the following are true EXCEPT that_.（分数：2.00）A.questions about the hiring process can
14、be askedB.you should not let your guard down until interview has endedC.you should try to impress the hiring manager that youre capable, confident and conscientiousD.recruiters aim is to advocate you to the hiring managerSome believe that in the age of identikit computer games, mass entertainment an
15、d conformity on the supermarket shelves, truly inspired thinking has gone out of the window. But, there are others who hold the view that there is still plenty of scope for innovation, lateral thought and creative solutions. Despite the standardisation of modern life, there is an unabated appetite f
16、or great ideas, visionary thinking and inspired debate. In the first of a series of monthly debates on contemporary issues, we ask two original thinkers to discuss the nature of creativity. Here is the first one. Yes. Absolutely. Since I started working as an inventor 10 or 12 years ago, Ive seen a
17、big change in attitudes to creativity and invention. Back then, there was hardly any support for inventors, apart from the national organisation the Institute of Patentees and Inventors. Today, there are lots of little inventors clubs popping up all over the place, my last count was 19 nationally an
18、d growing. These non-profit clubs, run by inventors for inventors, are an indication that people are once again interested in invention. Ive been a project leader, a croupier, an IT consultant and Ive written a motor manual. I spent my teens under a 1950s two-tone Riley RME car, learning to put it t
19、ogether. Back in the Sixties, kids like me were always out doing things, making go-karts, riding bicycles or exploring. We learned to overcome challenges and solve problems. We werent just sitting at a PlayStation, like many kids do today. But I think, and hope, things are shifting back. Theres a lo
20、t more interest in design and creativity and such talents are getting a much higher profile in the media. Its evident with TV programmes such as Channel 4s Scrapheap Challenge or BBC 2s The Apprentice and Dragons Den, where people are given a task to solve or face the challenge of selling their idea
21、 to a panel. And, thankfully, the image of the mad scientist with electrified hair working in the garden shed is long gonealthough, there are still a few exceptions! Thats not to say there arent problems. With the decline in manufacturing we are losing the ability to know how to make things. Theres
22、a real skills gap developing. In my opinion, the government does little or nothing to help innovation at the lone-inventor or small or medium enterprise level. I would love to see more money spent on teaching our school kids how to be inventive. But, despite everything, if you have a good idea and r
23、eal determination, you can still do very well. My own specialist area is packaging closuresalmost every product needs it. I got the idea for Squeezeopen after looking at an old tin of boot polish when my mother complained she couldnt get the lid off. If you can do something cheaper, better, and you
24、are 100 per-cent committed, there is a chance it will be a success. I see a fantastic amount of innovation and opportunities out there. People dont realise how much is going on. New materials are coming out all the lime and the space programme and scientific research are producing a variety of spin-
25、offs. Innovation doesnt have to be high-tech: creativity and inventing is about finding the right solution to a problem, whatever it is. Theres a lot of talent out there and, thankfully, some of the more progressive companies are suddenly realising they dont want to miss outits an exciting time.（分数：
26、6.00）(1).What is the debate concerned with?（分数：2.00）A.What should we do to inspire peoples creativity?B.Will peoples invention and inspiration be exhausted in the future?C.Is there still a future for invention and inspiration?D.Who will be the winner of the future technology?(2).According to the opi
27、nion of the interviewer, _.（分数：2.00）A.the future for invention dependsB.there is still a future for invention and inspirationC.there is no future for invention and inspiration in modern societyD.the future for invention and inspiration is unclear(3).Which of the following is the suggestion of the in
28、terviewer to the problem?（分数：2.00）A.The government should spend more money helping innovation.B.The kids should cultivate their love of science and invention.C.More inventors clubs should be set up.D.Invention courses are necessary to children.Real innovation is a dying art. Its true that creativity
29、the business of thinking up new ideasis far from dead, but its getting harder and harder to get new concepts applied in design, manufacturing or business. It costs thousands of pounds to get a new idea into the marketplace, and there is very little support for anything from most companies or governm
30、ent. A lot of people dont want to know. Ive always been interested in new ideas. I was trained as an engineer and went to work for an automotive components company, and almost from the first day I was asking why things were done in this way and not that. I thought up my first invention at 19then I d
31、iscovered someone else had got there first. Ive been inventive all my life. Ive got 14 patents to my name. Invention is what happens when you come across a problem, and look for a solution. It could be at work or at home in the gardenlike a better way of mowing the lawn, say. But these days creativi
32、ty is being stifled because there are so many hoops to go through. You have a brilliant idea for a left-handed widget but you still have to ask yourself; Is it new? Has it already been protected? Is there a market for it? Is the investment worth it? Only 4 percent of granted patents reach the market
33、 place. Part of the problem is that manufacturing industry and government are obsessed with complex technology like bioengineering. There is no interest in low technology or simple ideas that are equivalent to the invention of the paperclip. Inventors still come up with simple devices, but its diffi
34、cult to get anyone interested. But its also a very British problem. Inventions from Britain are often taken up overseas, because most British companies tend not to look outside their own factory gates. My own personal theory is that its a legacy of the Empire, when Britain had a captive audience and
35、 little competition, so industries didnt need to market their products. Nowadays, companies from other leading economies have to make what the consumer wants in order to ensure their profits, so they are always ready to innovate. And many British manufacturers have never caught up. Plus, British sch
36、oolchildren arent embracing vocational training subjects such as metalwork, woodwork, or design and technology. As a result university engineering departments are closing. Tomorrows World used to be on the TV, but where is that now? The whole lack of interest in creativity and invention is a symptom
37、 of the class system, tootheres a kind of snobbishness in Britain about cleverness and originality. The only inventors you see in the media are people like Sir Clive Sinclair and Trevor Bayliss who come across like mad scientists.（分数：4.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT the problem that hinders th
38、e real invention?（分数：2.00）A.Theres a kind of snobbishness in Britain about cleverness and originality.B.Most British companies tend not to look outside their own factory gates.C.There is no interest in low technology or simple ideas.D.New inventions can be put into use.(2).What does the phrase caugh
39、t up in Paragraph 5 mean?（分数：2.00）A.Come from behind and reach someone in front of you by going faster.B.Get involved in something.C.Do what needs to be done because you have not been able to do it until now.D.Try to take hold of something.An Australian research group may ease humanitys collective c
40、onscience over a spate of prehistoric extinctions on the southern continent. The die-off, they say, was not the rapacious work of newly arrived humans, but was due rather to changing climate. Australias large prehistoric animals, called megafauna, were as bizarre as anything that lives there today.
41、King of them all was the marsupial lion, a 130-kilogram meat-eater who lived alongside giant kangaroos, huge lizards called goannas, and Diprotodon, which resembled a three-tonne wombat. After the arrival of humans on the continent, at least 45, 000 years ago, these weird and wonderful creatures beg
42、an to die out. Experts blamed the colonizers, arguing that they launched a hunting blitzkrieg that wiped out the megafauna(巨型动物)within a few generations. But the animals may have survived for a lot longer than people thought, argues Judith Field of the University of Sydney, who has analyzed fossil r
43、emains. Her excavations seem to show that man and beast lived side by side for as long as 15, 000 years. She suspects that as Australia approached the most recent ice age, the growing cold and aridity turned much of the continent into a place where these large animals simply could not survive. Altho
44、ugh man probably did hunt the large animals, the fact that they survived for so long argues against the blitzkrieg(闪电战)model, she adds. Field and her colleagues collected animal bones from a ten-metre-deep section of earth at Cuddie Springs, New South Wales. They focused on bones from four layers: t
45、wo with evidence of human settlement, such as stone tools, and two deeper ones with no evidence of tools. They dated the bones by measuring the amounts of radioactive elements, such as uranium and thorium, that remained in the bones. They found that the various animal carcasses in each level would i
46、ndeed have lived cheek by jowl with humans as recently as 30, 000 years ago. The team report their research in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Proponents of the blitzkrieg model had previously argued that the dating of the Cuddie Springs material was not certain, but Field says thei
47、r research clears up the matter. Well-preserved bones at other sites have been very hard to find, probably because they are too dry, whereas Cuddie Springs is the site of an old lake bed. A second group, reporting in the journal Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, has also unveiled evidence that clima
48、te change may have killed off many of Australias animals. By looking at smaller animal bones from the Darling Downs in Queensland, they show that their disappearance seems to have coincided with increasing dryness. But the matter is not settled yet, particularly as the timing of humans first foray into Australia has still not been agreed. Fossil evidence from Lake Mungo in New South Wales suggests that they may have arrived 60, 000 years ago. And it is possible that they
