1、专业英语四级（完形填空）-试卷242及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. The words can be used ONCE ONLY.（分数：20.00）_A. where B. exceptions C. affairs D. meet E. cracks
2、 on F. cracks up G. reach H. acclaimed I. seek for J. fail K. ties L. challenges M. decline N. believe in O. event Short stories are due a revival. In recent years, there have been critically 1 collections by American writers such as Lydia Davis and Junot Diaz. But few others manage to 2 the bestsel
3、ler lists, and they are all too often overshadowed by novels. In contrast to their heyday in the early 20th century, short stories are mostly viewed as trials or experiments before an author 3 with the real thing. John Burnside, a Scottish poet and novelist, 4 this fixed idea in his latest collectio
4、n, Something Like Happy. Over 13 stories, Mr. Burnside shows the versatility of the condensed form. His stories take place mostly in Scotland, in flats high up on the third floor of an apartment block in the middle of Dundee or in the back room of a hardware shop, 5 men drink sweet, milky coffee whi
5、le waiting for the results of the races. His men carry knives or conduct extramarital 6; his women are often lonely housewives who drink, take up bell-ringing in their local church or fantasise about younger men as a way of filling in time. Happiness is the subject that 7 the collection together. In
6、 other hands, this could become sentimental. But Mr. Burnside, with only a few 8, never allows that to happen. Instead, happiness frequently stays away from these figures; so much so that they have almost ceased to 9 it. Rooted in the bleaker aspects of Scotlands landscapes, it is something that his
7、 characters continually search for, in these concise and poetic talesyet 10 to find.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_A. continually B. wasted C. at the top D. means E. causes F. everything G. put H. collecting I. vary J. appeal K. congregating L. efforts M. conde
8、mns N. achievement O. occasionally Around two billion people have no access to modern energy, and a billion have it only 1. The smoky stoves that many of them use, the World Health Organisation reckons, produce pollution that 2 around 2 million premature deaths a year. Makeshift cookers also catch f
9、ire easily. And lives are not the only things 3. Women and girls in rural villages lose time and energy walking around 4 dirty solid fuels, ranging from crop waste to cow dung. The 5 of a stove that produces more heat, more cleanly and with less fuel is clear. But Kirk Smith, a stove specialist at t
10、he University of California at Berkeley, points out that most 6 to promote cleaner stoves have failed. Too much emphasis has gone on technology and talking to people 7, too little to consulting the women who actually do the cooking. When subsidies run out, the schemes have faltered, with stoves left
11、 unused or broken. Why might it be different this time? Wouter Deelder of Dalberg, a development consultancy, says that stoves have improved in 8 from the materials used to the design of chimneys. Even so, the new stoves can cost $30 or more. Greater efficiency 9 they pay for themselves in a few mon
12、ths, but the price is still prohibitive for people living on a few dollars a week. Moreover, technology that works well in the laboratory may fail in the field, where fuels, cooking practices and even the shapes of vessels 10 widely.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项
13、1:_A. provide B. never C. whether D. explanation E. embarrassing F. neither G. experiences H. consequently I. care for J. outlook K. challenging L. vital M. helpful N. impatient O. tolerant Empathythe ability to appreciate that a stranger struggling with a suitcase not only finds his situation 1but
14、also needs help which, assuming you are not incapable yourself, you can and do 2is key to Simon Baron-Cohens thesis in Zero Degrees of Empathy. He reckons that only those who can empathise with their fellow man and who 3 act in a considerate way can hope to be without malice. Cruelty comes from fail
15、ing to empathise with others, 4 through being inconsiderate or through wilfully ignoring their pain. Some people lack empathy permanently, others switch it off when they are tired, stressed or 5telling a child not to bother you because you are working, for exampleand experience regret for their hars
16、h words when their empathy returns. Those whose minds 6consider their fellow traveller are not bad but disabled, Mr. Baron-Cohen argues. For some, there is a genetic 7 for why crucial parts of their brains seem disengaged while other people suffer. For others, activity in those brain areas has been
17、subdued by some awful 8 in childhood. The author champions his own parents for instilling in him what he calls an internal pot of golda measure of self-reliance and self-confidence which he thinks is 9 for developing empathy. Children learn to consider the thoughts of other people only when the mind
18、s of those who 10 them are safe places to enter. A child whose mother wishes he did not exist will not want to carefully consider the thought, and will fail to develop empathy as a result.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_A. selfless B. built C. complex D. but E.
19、execute F. sustained G. cheated H. issues I. advantages J. scholarly K. tighter L. costly M. looser N. concerned O. drawback Lawyers are less than 1% of American adults, 1 they are well-represented in government. Both the president and the vice-president trained as lawyers. So did 55% of senators an
20、d 100% of Supreme Court justices. There are 2 to having a bit of legal expertise among those who write and 3 the nations laws, or assess their constitutionality. But there is also a potential conflict of interest. If florists had such a lock on the levers of power, you might expect subsidies for wed
21、dings and a campaign to beautify cities. Lawyers, alas, are no more 4. The American legal system is the most lawyer-friendly on Earth. It is dizzily 5. The regulations that accompany the Dodd-Frank law governing Wall Street, for example, are already more than 3 million words longand not yet half-wri
22、tten. Companies must hire 6 lawyers to guide them through a labyrinth(迷宫)created by other lawyers. They must also hire lawyers to defend themselves against attacks by other lawyers on a playing field 7 by lawyers. The costroughly $800 a year for every Americanis passed on to consumers. The benefits
23、are hard to detect. Americans are probably no less likely to be injured or 8 than the citizens of countries that spend a fraction as much. So it is hard to feel sympathy for lawyers facing a 9 labour market. Americas 250 biggest law firms shed more than 9,500 people last year. Law students are strug
24、gling to find the lavishly paid work they expected after graduation. One big law firm even went bust. None of this is nice for the people 10, especially those with large student debts.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_专业英语四级（完形填空）-试卷242答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、
25、CLOZE(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.PART IV CLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. The words can be used ONCE ONLY.（分数：20.00）_解析：A. where B. exceptions C. affairs D. meet E. cracks on F. cracks up G. reach H. acclaimed I. se
26、ek for J. fail K. ties L. challenges M. decline N. believe in O. event Short stories are due a revival. In recent years, there have been critically 1 collections by American writers such as Lydia Davis and Junot Diaz. But few others manage to 2 the bestseller lists, and they are all too often oversh
27、adowed by novels. In contrast to their heyday in the early 20th century, short stories are mostly viewed as trials or experiments before an author 3 with the real thing. John Burnside, a Scottish poet and novelist, 4 this fixed idea in his latest collection, Something Like Happy. Over 13 stories, Mr
28、. Burnside shows the versatility of the condensed form. His stories take place mostly in Scotland, in flats high up on the third floor of an apartment block in the middle of Dundee or in the back room of a hardware shop, 5 men drink sweet, milky coffee while waiting for the results of the races. His
29、 men carry knives or conduct extramarital 6; his women are often lonely housewives who drink, take up bell-ringing in their local church or fantasise about younger men as a way of filling in time. Happiness is the subject that 7 the collection together. In other hands, this could become sentimental.
30、 But Mr. Burnside, with only a few 8, never allows that to happen. Instead, happiness frequently stays away from these figures; so much so that they have almost ceased to 9 it. Rooted in the bleaker aspects of Scotlands landscapes, it is something that his characters continually search for, in these
31、 concise and poetic talesyet 10 to find.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：H）填空项1:_（正确答案：G）填空项1:_（正确答案：E）填空项1:_（正确答案：L）填空项1:_（正确答案：A）填空项1:_（正确答案：C）填空项1:_（正确答案：K）填空项1:_（正确答案：B）填空项1:_（正确答案：N）填空项1:_（正确答案：J）解析：解析：空格前的yet表转折，表明空格填入的词与前面的continually search for“不断寻找”语义相反，词库中的fail“失败”代入，指“不能找到”，与上文呼应。A. continually B. w
32、asted C. at the top D. means E. causes F. everything G. put H. collecting I. vary J. appeal K. congregating L. efforts M. condemns N. achievement O. occasionally Around two billion people have no access to modern energy, and a billion have it only 1. The smoky stoves that many of them use, the World
33、 Health Organisation reckons, produce pollution that 2 around 2 million premature deaths a year. Makeshift cookers also catch fire easily. And lives are not the only things 3. Women and girls in rural villages lose time and energy walking around 4 dirty solid fuels, ranging from crop waste to cow du
34、ng. The 5 of a stove that produces more heat, more cleanly and with less fuel is clear. But Kirk Smith, a stove specialist at the University of California at Berkeley, points out that most 6 to promote cleaner stoves have failed. Too much emphasis has gone on technology and talking to people 7, too
35、little to consulting the women who actually do the cooking. When subsidies run out, the schemes have faltered, with stoves left unused or broken. Why might it be different this time? Wouter Deelder of Dalberg, a development consultancy, says that stoves have improved in 8 from the materials used to
36、the design of chimneys. Even so, the new stoves can cost $30 or more. Greater efficiency 9 they pay for themselves in a few months, but the price is still prohibitive for people living on a few dollars a week. Moreover, technology that works well in the laboratory may fail in the field, where fuels,
37、 cooking practices and even the shapes of vessels 10 widely.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：O）填空项1:_（正确答案：E）填空项1:_（正确答案：B）填空项1:_（正确答案：H）填空项1:_（正确答案：J）填空项1:_（正确答案：L）填空项1:_（正确答案：C）填空项1:_（正确答案：F）填空项1:_（正确答案：D）填空项1:_（正确答案：I）解析：解析：空格处填入动词，作where引导的定语从句的谓语。上文提到的“实验室中表现良好的技术，在实际环境中未必就能奏效”说的是“在实验室和在实际环境中的差异”，因此空格应填入表
38、示“差异”的词，vary“有不同”符合语义要求，本句意为“(在实际环境中)燃料、煮食方法甚至煮食工具的形状也有很多不同”。A. provide B. never C. whether D. explanation E. embarrassing F. neither G. experiences H. consequently I. care for J. outlook K. challenging L. vital M. helpful N. impatient O. tolerant Empathythe ability to appreciate that a stranger str
39、uggling with a suitcase not only finds his situation 1but also needs help which, assuming you are not incapable yourself, you can and do 2is key to Simon Baron-Cohens thesis in Zero Degrees of Empathy. He reckons that only those who can empathise with their fellow man and who 3 act in a considerate
40、way can hope to be without malice. Cruelty comes from failing to empathise with others, 4 through being inconsiderate or through wilfully ignoring their pain. Some people lack empathy permanently, others switch it off when they are tired, stressed or 5telling a child not to bother you because you ar
41、e working, for exampleand experience regret for their harsh words when their empathy returns. Those whose minds 6consider their fellow traveller are not bad but disabled, Mr. Baron-Cohen argues. For some, there is a genetic 7 for why crucial parts of their brains seem disengaged while other people s
42、uffer. For others, activity in those brain areas has been subdued by some awful 8 in childhood. The author champions his own parents for instilling in him what he calls an internal pot of golda measure of self-reliance and self-confidence which he thinks is 9 for developing empathy. Children learn t
43、o consider the thoughts of other people only when the minds of those who 10 them are safe places to enter. A child whose mother wishes he did not exist will not want to carefully consider the thought, and will fail to develop empathy as a result.（分数：20.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：K）填空项1:_（正确答案：A）填空项1:_（正确答案：H）填空
44、项1:_（正确答案：C）填空项1:_（正确答案：N）填空项1:_（正确答案：B）填空项1:_（正确答案：D）填空项1:_（正确答案：G）填空项1:_（正确答案：L）填空项1:_（正确答案：I）解析：解析：空格填入动词作who引导的从句的谓语。空格后的them指代上文的children，故此处要表达的是“照顾”，故应选care for。A. selfless B. built C. complex D. but E. execute F. sustained G. cheated H. issues I. advantages J. scholarly K. tighter L. costly M. looser N. concerned O. drawback Lawyers are less than 1% of American adults, 1 they are well-represented in government. Both the president and the vice-president trained as la
