1、专业英语八级英语语言学知识-3及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：48，分数：100.00)1.Which of the following does NOT state how the linguist discovers the nature and the rules of the underlying language system?A. He has to collect and observe language facts.B. He has to display and then generalize some similarities
2、of the language facts.C. He has to formulate some hypotheses about the language structure.D.He has to deal with the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.2.Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?A
3、. Arbitrariness. B. Productivity.C. Cultural transmission. D. Finiteness.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.3.Which of the following statements concerning modern linguistics is NOT correct?A. It is mostly descriptive.B. In modern linguistics, a synchronic approach seems to enjoy priority over a diachronic one.C. It r
4、egards the spoken language as the natural or the primary medium of human language.D. It forces languages into a Latin-based framework.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.4.Which of the following is correct concerning langue and parole?A. Langue refers to the realization of parole in actual use.B. Parole refers to the
5、abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.C. Langue is abstract and parole is concrete.D. Langue is relatively stable while parole varies from person to person and from situation to situation.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.5.Which of the following is NOT a compound word?A. Landlad
6、y B. Greenhouse C. Uplift D. Unacceptable（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.6._ is the ideal users knowledge of the rules of his language and _ is the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication.A. Competence, performance B. Performance, competenceC. Parole, langue D. Langue, parole（分数：2.00）A.B.C
7、.D.7.The study of language acquisition is generally known as _.A. theoretical linguistics B. psycholinguisticsC. applied linguistics D. historical linguistics（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.8.The history of English is usually divided into _ major periods.A. three B. four C. five D. two（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.9._ is a sys
8、tem of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.A. Langue B. Language C. Linguistics D. Speech（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.10.In semantic studies, _ refers to the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.A. sense B. synonym C. homonym D. reference（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.11.A linguistic situation in which tw
9、o standard languages are used either by an individual or by a group of speakers is called _.A. situational dialect B. slangC. linguistic taboo D. bilingualism（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.12.Syntactic change includes all the following EXCEPT _.A. rule loss B. affix loss C. rule addition D. rule change（分数：2.00）A.
10、B.C.D.13._ is the study of the phonic medium of language.A. Phonetics B. Phonology C. Phone D. Phoneme（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.14.Which of the following is NOT a branch of phonetics?A. Articulatory phonetics. B. Auditory phonetics.C. Acoustic phonetics. D. Articulate phonetics.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.15.Which of t
11、he following is NOT the organ of speech?A. The pharyngeal cavity. B. The oral cavity.C. The nasal cavity. D. The vocal cavity.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.16._ is the minimal sound segments of language systems that distinguish meaning.A. Phonetics B. Phone C. Phoneme D. Allophone（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.17.Which of the
12、 following is NOT a suprasegmental feature?A. Pitch. B. Stress. C. Tone. D. Intonation.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.18.What are the two major media of linguistic communication?A. Phonic medium and speech sounds. B. Phonetics and phonology.C. Speech and Writing. D. Language and linguistics.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.19.Ho
13、w are the English consonants classified?A. In terms of manner of articulation. B. In terms of position of tongue.C. In terms of place of articulation. D. or .（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.20.What criterion is NOT used to classify the English vowels?A. The openness of the mouth. B. The shape of the lip.C. The len
14、gth of the vowels. D. The position of the teeth.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.21.Among the four tones which is NOT the most frequently used?A. The falling tone. B. The rising tone.C. The fall-rise tone. D. The rise-fall tone.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.22.Which of the following is a typical tone language?A. English. B. Chi
15、nese. C. German. D. French.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.23.Which rules govern the combination of sounds in a particular language?A. Sequential rules. B. Assimilation rules.C. Deletion rules. D. Complementary rules.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.24.The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic envir
16、onments are called the _ of that phoneme.A. minimal B. allomorph C. phones D. allophones（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.25._ is the study of the way in how morphemes, representation of sounds, are arranged and combined to form words.A. Lexicology B. Morphology C. Phonology D. Morphological rule（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.26.
17、Which of the following is CORRECT?A. Content words of a language are sometimes called closed class words.B. New words can be added to content words regularly.C. Open class words consist ofgrammatical or functional words.D. The number of such words as conjunctions, prepositions, articles and pronouns
18、 is large and unstable, since many new words are added.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.27.What is the minimal unit of meaning?A. Phoneme. B. Morpheme. C. Allophone. D. Allomorph.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.28.How many morphemes is the word undesirability composed of?.A. Seven. B. Two C. Three. D. Four.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.29.Whi
19、ch of the following is NOT a bound morpheme?A. un-. B. -er. C. Self. D. -ity.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.30.Which of the following is NOT a derivational morpheme?A. -ian. B. -is. C. multi-. D.-ism.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.31.Which of the following is different from the others in terms of word formation?A. inborn. B. c
20、utup. C. head-on. D. respectable.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.32.The morpheme scope in the common word telescope is a(n) _.A. bound morpheme B. derivational morphemeC. inflectional morpheme D. free morpheme（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.33.Which of following words does NOT contain the inflectional affix?A. Cares. B. Careful.
21、 C. Faster. D. Books.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.34.Which of the following is NOT a compound word?A. Rainbow. B. Football. C. Icy-cold. D. Unpleasant.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.35.Among the branches of linguistics, _ studies how words are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation of sentences.A.
22、 syntax B. semantics C. pragmatics D. morphology（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.36.In traditional grammar, only eight categories, called parts of speech, are recognized. The addition of such non-traditional categories as _ increases this number in current theories of grammar.A. conjunction and determiner B. determ
23、iner and qualifierC. qualifier and interjection D. interjection and degree words（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.37.Which of the following is NOT the element that phrases formed of more than one word usually contain?A. Head. B. Specifier. C. Word category. D. Complement.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.38.The words on the left sid
24、e of the heads function as _, while the words on the right side of the heads are_A. complements, specifiers B. prefixes, suffixesC. specifiers, complements D. suffixes, prefixes（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.39.Which of the following is NOT the phrase structure rule?A. XP rule. B. X- Theory. C. Coordination rule.
25、 D. Subordination rule.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.40.What type of sentence is Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in poetry?A. A simple sentence. B. A coordinate sentence.C. A complex sentence. D. None of the above.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.41.Transformational rules do not change the basic sentence _.A. meaning
26、B. form C. position D. structure（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.42.Words can be grouped together into a relatively small number of classes called syntactic categories, which reflects many factors including the type of _.A. meaning that words expressB. affixes that the words takeC. structures in which the words can
27、 occurD. All of the above（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.43._ is the study of meaning.A. Semantics B. Syntax C. Pragmatics D. Morphology（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.44.The ancient scholar Plato proposed _.A. the semantic triangle B. the naming theoryC. the conceptualist view D. the componential analysis（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.45.Whi
28、ch of the following is the concern of reference?A. It is concerned with the inherent meaning of a linguistic form.B. It is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form.C. It is the study of what a linguistic form refers to in the real physical world.D. It is the aspect of meaning dictio
29、nary compliers are interested in.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.46.Fiatand apartment are _.A. dialectal synonyms B. stylistic synonymsC. collocational synonyms D. semantically different synonyms（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.47.Accomplice and collaborator are _.A. synonyms differing in styleB. synonyms that differ in their emo
30、tive or evaluative meaningC. gradable antonymsD. complementary antonyms（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.48.Which of the following are collocational synonyms?A. lorry and truck B. start and commenceC. rotten and addled D. amaze and astound（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.专业英语八级英语语言学知识-3答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：48，分数：10
31、0.00)1.Which of the following does NOT state how the linguist discovers the nature and the rules of the underlying language system?A. He has to collect and observe language facts.B. He has to display and then generalize some similarities of the language facts.C. He has to formulate some hypotheses a
32、bout the language structure.D.He has to deal with the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistic study.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：语言学家为了找出潜在的语言系统中的实质和规则，他须收集和观察语言事实，找出某些相似性并对其作出概括；然后，对语言结构进行某种假设，再对照所观察到的事实进行反复验证以充分证明它们的有效性。2.Which of the following is NOT a disti
33、nctive feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness. B. Productivity.C. Cultural transmission. D. Finiteness.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：语言的区别性特征有五个：arbitrariness(任意性)，productivity(能产性)，duality(双层性)，displacement(不受时空限制性)，cultural transmission(文化传递性)。arbitrariness指一句话所表达的意思与表达这个意思的语言文字之间的关系不确定。productivity，有时也
34、称之为创造性，指的是人们可以构造或理解无穷多的新语句。duality语言结构的二重性指的一个是语音结构，另一个是语义结构。cultural transmission指的是语言不像遗传基因那样能代代相传，语言必须作为一个体系，必须一点一点地习得。人所要学的某一特定的语言是文化的即社会的语言，人出生后孤立于文化或社会环境之外是无法习得语言的。3.Which of the following statements concerning modern linguistics is NOT correct?A. It is mostly descriptive.B. In modern linguist
35、ics, a synchronic approach seems to enjoy priority over a diachronic one.C. It regards the spoken language as the natural or the primary medium of human language.D. It forces languages into a Latin-based framework.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：现代语言学大多数是描述性的；共时性研究在现代语言学中更受关注；现代语言学把口头语看作是人类语言的自然的或基本的媒介。现代语言学并不强
36、迫语言进入一个以拉丁语为基础的框架，这是与传统语言学的区别之一。4.Which of the following is correct concerning langue and parole?A. Langue refers to the realization of parole in actual use.B. Parole refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.C. Langue is abstract and parole is concrete
37、.D. Langue is relatively stable while parole varies from person to person and from situation to situation.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：20世纪早期，瑞士语言学家索绪尔提出语言(langue)和话语(parole)的区别：语言是指一个话语社区的所有成员所共享的抽象语言系统；而parole话语指语言在实际运用中的实现；A、B项颠倒。语言是抽象的，它不是人们实际所使用的语言；话语是具体的，它指的是自然出现的语言事件。语言是相对稳定的，它不会经常发生变化；而话语因人或场合不同而变化。5
38、.Which of the following is NOT a compound word?A. Landlady B. Greenhouse C. Uplift D. Unacceptable（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：unacceptable由accept加前缀和后缀组成，是derivation(派生)。6._ is the ideal users knowledge of the rules of his language and _ is the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communicatio
39、n.A. Competence, performance B. Performance, competenceC. Parole, langue D. Langue, parole（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：乔姆斯基于20世纪50年代末提出的语言能力competence和语言运用performance。前者是理想的语言使用者在语言规则方面的知识，后者是这种知识在语言交际中的具体实现。7.The study of language acquisition is generally known as _.A. theoretical linguistics B. psycholingu
40、isticsC. applied linguistics D. historical linguistics（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：这道题考查考生对语言习得研究范畴的了解。从狭义上讲，应用语言学是指将语言学理论和原则应用于语言教学中，尤其是外语和第二语言教学。8.The history of English is usually divided into _ major periods.A. three B. four C. five D. two（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：英语语言的发展历史一般分为三个阶段：古英语阶段、中世纪英语阶段和现代英语阶段。9._ is
41、a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.A. Langue B. Language C. Linguistics D. Speech（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：语言是一个用于人类交际的、具有任意性的语音符号系统。10.In semantic studies, _ refers to the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.A. sense B. synonym C. homonym D. reference（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：
42、意义sense和指称reference是语义研究中经常遇到的两个术语。意义指语言形式的内在意义，是语言形式所有特征的集合，是抽象的，而且与语境无关；指称指语言形式在现实的物质世界中所指的事物，它涉及的是语言成分和非语言的经验世界之间的关系。11.A linguistic situation in which two standard languages are used either by an individual or by a group of speakers is called _.A. situational dialect B. slangC. linguistic taboo
43、D. bilingualism（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：这道题考查考生对双语现象的理解。在某些语言社区中，两种语言同时并存，并起着不同的作用。当场景发生改变时，语言转化随之出现，这就构成双语现象(bilingualism)的情形。12.Syntactic change includes all the following EXCEPT _.A. rule loss B. affix loss C. rule addition D. rule change（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：这道题考查句法变化的涵盖面。affix loss属于形态学变化。13._ is the
44、study of the phonic medium of language.A. Phonetics B. Phonology C. Phone D. Phoneme（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：语音学被定义为对语言的语音媒介的研究，它涉及所有出现在世界语言中的声音；音位学的研究目的是发现一门语言中的语音是如何形成的，这些语音是如何在语言交际中传达意义的；音素是一个语音单元或音段，我们在交际中所听到和发出的语音都是音素；音位是一个具有区别性价值的抽象的单位，它不是任何一个特定的语音，而是由一个特定音素(phone)在一定语音语境中来表达或实现的。14.Which of the following is NOT a branch of phonetics?A. Articulatory phonetics. B. Auditory phonetics.C. Acoustic phonetics. D. Articulate phonetics.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.解析：三个语音学的分支为发音语音学、听觉语音学和声学语音学。其中发
