1、专业英语八级英语语言学知识-1及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：40，分数：100.00)1.Which of the following is NOT the correct relationship between language and culture?A. Language expresses cultural reality.B. Language embodies cultural identity.C. Language symbolizes cultural reality.D. Language determines cultur
2、al reality.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.2.In a broad sentence, culture includes _.A. patterns of belief B. customs, objects and institutionsC. techniques and language D. all the above（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.3.According to linguists, there are two types of culture: the more concrete and observable_ and the more abstrac
3、t and hiddenA. material culture, spiritual culture B. national culture, local cultureC. spiritual culture, material culture D. local culture, national culture（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.4._ refers to the identical part of culture between two societies owing to some similarities in the natural environment and p
4、sychology of human beings.A. Cultural overlap B. Cultural imperialismC. Cultural diffusion D. Cultural expansion（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.5.Through communication, some elements of one culture may enter another culture and become part of that culture. This phenomenon is called _.A. cultural overlap B. cultura
5、l imperialismC. cultural diffusion D. cultural expansion（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.6.The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is about _.A. language and culture B. language and societyC. language acquisition D. language and thought（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.7.The strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis holds that language patte
6、rns _ peoples thinking and behavior.A. influence B. determine C. distort D. have no influence on（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.8.The practice of observing holidays of foreign origins and accepting concepts from other cultures is an example of _.A. cultural overlap B. cultural diffusionC. cultural transmission D.
7、cultural relativity（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.9.Rose can mean a beautiful young lady. This is an example of _.A. denotative meaning B. connotative meaningC. iconic meaning D. grammatical meaning（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.10._ is communication between people from different cultures (their cultural perceptions and symbol
8、 systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event).A. Linguistic communication B. Lingua francaC. Cultural transmission D. Cross-cultural communication（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.11.In general, language acquisition refers to childrens development of their _.A. first language B. second languageC. fo
9、reign language D. dialectal language（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.12._ holds that language learning is simply a matter of imitation and habit formation.A. The behaviorist view B. The innatist viewC. The naming theory D. The contextualism（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.13._ holds that children are born with an innate mechanism
10、that allows them to acquire language.A. The behaviorist view B. The innatist viewC. The naming theory D. The contextualism（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.14.The development of linguistic skills involves the acquisition of_ rules rather than the mere memorization of words and sentences.A. cultural B. grammatical C.
11、 behavior D. pragmatic（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.15._, except those with mental or physical impairments, are better or worse first language acquirers.A. Some men B. Almost all men C. No men D. Few men（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.16.In first language acquisition, imitation plays _.A. a basic role B. a significant role C.
12、a minor role D. no role（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.17.The type of modified speech typically addressed to young children can be called _.A. caretaker speech B. babytalkC. motherese or parentese D. all the above（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.18.In general, children have virtually acquired the basic fabric of their native lang
13、uage at the age of _.A. three or four B. five or six C. seven or eight D. nine or ten（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.19.It is agreed that the _ years are a crucial period for first language acquisition.A. pre-school B. primary-schoolC. middle-school D. none of the above（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.20.Starting from the pre-lin
14、guistic cooing and babbling stage, children move through the_ stages, gradually acquiring all the elements and skills of language.A. one-word, two-word and three-word B. one-word, two-word and multiwordC. one-word, multiword and sentence D. one-word, two-word, three-word and multiword（分数：2.50）A.B.C.
15、D.21._ is defined as a conscious process of accumulating knowledge of a second language usually obtained in school settings.A. Acquisition B. Learning C. Studying D. Acquirement（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.22.The distinction between acquisition and learning is put forward by _.A. Chomsky B. Krashen C. Saussure
16、D. Bloomfield（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.23.L2 learners will subconsciously use their L1 knowledge in learning a second language. This is known as _.A. language interference B. language fossilizationC. contrastive analysis D. language transfer（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.24._ is more commonly known as L 1 interference.A.
17、Positive transfer B. FossilizationC. Negative transfer D. Interlanguage（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.25.L2 learners interim knowledge of the target language is known as_, that is, the language that a learner constructs at a given stage of SLA.A.Interlanguage B.Interim languageC.pidgin D.lingua franca（分数：2.50）A.B
18、.C.D.26._ is believed to be a major source of incorrect forms resistant to further instruction.A.The second language learners unwillingness to learnB.The poor classroom teachingC.The fossilization of the learners interlanguageD.The learners lack of instrumental motivation（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.27.The form
19、al instruction in second language acquisition _.A.has no effect at all B.has a powerful delayed effectC.has very little effect D.has unsatisfactory effect（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.28.The process in which a L2 learner adapts himself/herself to the culture and value system of the L2 community is called _.A.fos
20、silization B. acculturationC.culture transmission D. displacement（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.29.The optimum age for second language acquisition is _.A.early teenage B. after puberty C.at puberty D.after the brain lateralization（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.30.In general, a good second language learner is an adolescent _.A.
21、who has a strong and well-defined motivation to learnB.who seeks out all chances to interact with the inputC.who is willing to identify himself with the culture of the target language communityD.all the above（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.31._ is the study of language in relation to the mind.A. Psycholinguistics
22、B. Sociolinguistics C. Linguistics D. Semantics（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.32._ studies the relationship between brain and language.A. Psycholinguistics B. Sociolinguistics C. Neurolinguistics D. Semantics（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.33.A signal coming in the left ear will go to the _ hemisphere.A. right B. left C. front
23、D. back（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.34.Which of the following is NOT the primary function of the left hemisphere of the brain?A. Analytic reasoning. B. Temporal ordering.C. Associative thought. D. Visual and spatial skills.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.35.The brains neurological specialization for language is called linguis
24、tic _, which is specific to human beings.A. specialization B. production C. lateralization D. assimilation（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.36.Human linguistic ability largely depends on the structure and dynamics of _.A. human brain B. human vocal cords C. human memory D. human（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.37.The most important
25、 part of the brain is the outside surface of the brain, called _.A. the neurons B. nerve pathways C. cerebral cortex D. sensory organs（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.38.Lying under the skull, the human brain contains an average of _ nerve cells called neurons.A. 100 million B. 10 billion C. 100 billion D. 10 milli
26、on（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.39._ is responsible normally for speech production.A. Brocas area B. Wemickes area C. Angular gyrus D. Cerebral cortex（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.40.The dichotic listening research shows that the left hemisphere is not superior for processing all sounds, but only for those that are _ in natu
27、re.A. non-linguistic B. musical C. linguistic D. natural（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.专业英语八级英语语言学知识-1答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：40，分数：100.00)1.Which of the following is NOT the correct relationship between language and culture?A. Language expresses cultural reality.B. Language embodies cultural identi
28、ty.C. Language symbolizes cultural reality.D. Language determines cultural reality.（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：文化是语言的内容，语言是文化的载体，语言能够表达文化、体现文化，也是文化的象征和标志。语言不能决定文化。2.In a broad sentence, culture includes _.A. patterns of belief B. customs, objects and institutionsC. techniques and language D. all the above（分
29、数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：文化，从广义上来说，是指一个民族的整体生活方式，包括信仰、习俗、物质、体制、技能、语言、价值观等。3.According to linguists, there are two types of culture: the more concrete and observable_ and the more abstract and hiddenA. material culture, spiritual culture B. national culture, local cultureC. spiritual culture, material cultu
30、re D. local culture, national culture（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：广义上的文化包含内容甚广，主要可以划分为物质文化和精神文化两种类型，物质文化具体可见，而精神文化则抽象隐含。4._ refers to the identical part of culture between two societies owing to some similarities in the natural environment and psychology of human beings.A. Cultural overlap B. Cultural imperi
31、alismC. Cultural diffusion D. Cultural expansion（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：文化与文化之间存在的相同之处，被称为文化重叠(cultural overlap)。5.Through communication, some elements of one culture may enter another culture and become part of that culture. This phenomenon is called _.A. cultural overlap B. cultural imperialismC. cult
32、ural diffusion D. cultural expansion（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：一种文化中特有的要素经过交流和传播，进入到另外一种文化并成为这种文化的一部分的现象被称为文化扩散(cultural diffusion)。6.The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is about _.A. language and culture B. language and societyC. language acquisition D. language and thought（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：著名的SWH(萨皮尔沃尔夫假说)是关于语言
33、与思维之间的关系的假说，其基本观点是：语言从某种程度上决定思维，不同的语言能以不同方式表达其使用者独特的世界观。7.The strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis holds that language patterns _ peoples thinking and behavior.A. influence B. determine C. distort D. have no influence on（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：SWH(萨皮尔-沃尔夫假说)有两种诠释：一个是strong version，认为语言决定思维，另一个是w
34、eak version，认为语言只是在某种程度上影响思维。8.The practice of observing holidays of foreign origins and accepting concepts from other cultures is an example of _.A. cultural overlap B. cultural diffusionC. cultural transmission D. cultural relativity（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：过洋节日或者接受外来的一些观念和文化都属于文化扩散现象。9.Rose can mean a
35、 beautiful young lady. This is an example of _.A. denotative meaning B. connotative meaningC. iconic meaning D. grammatical meaning（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：语言标志都有三层意义，即指示/(内涵)意义(denotative meaning)、暗含/(外延)意义(connotative meaning)和图像意义(iconic meaning)。“Rose”意为“a beautiful young lady”是图像意义。10._ is communica
36、tion between people from different cultures (their cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event).A. Linguistic communication B. Lingua francaC. Cultural transmission D. Cross-cultural communication（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：跨文化交流(cross-cultural communication)
37、是来自不同文化的人之间的交流。由于不同的文化背景和价值体系，跨文化交流活动的成功与否不但取决于语言知识，更取决于双方在文化上的了解、接受和认同。11.In general, language acquisition refers to childrens development of their _.A. first language B. second languageC. foreign language D. dialectal language（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：一般来说，语言习得指的是儿童的第一语言发展，即儿童在其长大成人所在的社区的本族语的发展。12._ hol
38、ds that language learning is simply a matter of imitation and habit formation.A. The behaviorist view B. The innatist viewC. The naming theory D. The contextualism（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：行为主义论(the behaviorist view)认为，语言学习是一个简单的接受语言刺激、模仿语言、形成语言习惯的过程。13._ holds that children are born with an innate mechan
39、ism that allows them to acquire language.A. The behaviorist view B. The innatist viewC. The naming theory D. The contextualism（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：先天主义论(the innatist view)认为儿童生来大脑就具有学习语言的机制，受到一定的语言刺激后就可以激活该机制习得语言。人类拥有学习和使用语言的先决条件，就如鸟类一样，从生物学的意义上来讲已经“预置”(prewired)，可以学会同类的歌唱。14.The development of lingu
40、istic skills involves the acquisition of_ rules rather than the mere memorization of words and sentences.A. cultural B. grammatical C. behavior D. pragmatic（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：语言习得基本上是指对语言中语法系统(grammatical system)的习得，把儿童语言简单地说成是语言中单个单词的记忆是错误的。儿童是在处理听到的语言时，建构语法并且依照语法来理解言语；在生成言语时，他们遵循内化的语法规则。缺乏对语言生成规则
41、的理解，语言使用者不可能生成和理解无限多的句子。15._, except those with mental or physical impairments, are better or worse first language acquirers.A. Some men B. Almost all men C. No men D. Few men（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：语言无优劣之分，语言习得者亦无高低之分，只要身体健全、心智健康，任何一个儿童都能同样轻松自然地习得任何一种人类语言。16.In first language acquisition, imitation pla
42、ys _.A. a basic role B. a significant role C. a minor role D. no role（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：儿童并不是鹦鹉学舌那样盲目地模仿成年人的语言，而是极其有限地利用它来提高自己的语言技能，模仿(imitation)和教学(instruction)一样充其量在儿童掌握语言的过程中起着非常微小的作用(minor role)。17.The type of modified speech typically addressed to young children can be called _.A. caretaker sp
43、eech B. babytalkC. motherese or parentese D. all the above（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：对儿童讲话时所使用的经过调整的言语被称为照看语(caretaker speech)，也称为宝贝儿语(babytalk)、妈妈语(motherese)或父母语(parentese)。18.In general, children have virtually acquired the basic fabric of their native language at the age of _.A. three or four B. five o
44、r six C. seven or eight D. nine or ten（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：总的来说，儿童在五六岁左右，已经基本习得了本族语的基本组成部分。19.It is agreed that the _ years are a crucial period for first language acquisition.A. pre-school B. primary-schoolC. middle-school D. none of the above（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.解析：研究者一致认为，学龄前几年是第一语言习得的关键期。到了学龄期，儿童便开始了正规的语言训练课程，重点在于培养用本族语进行阅读和写作的能力。20.Starting from the pre-linguistic cooing and babbling stage, children move through the_ stages, gradu
