1、专业英语八级真题2012年及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)(1).Observing BehaviourPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or f or proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily-life observation and research observation. A. Differen
2、cesdaily life observation-casual-(1)_-dependence on memory research observation-(2)_ -careful record keeping B. Ways to select samples in researchtime sampling-systematic:e.g. fixed intervals every hour-random: fixed intervals but (3)_ Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combin
3、ation.(4)_ -definition: selection of different locations-reason: humans or animals behaviour (5)_across circumstances-(6)_: more objective observations C. Ways to record behaviour (7)_ observation with intervention-participant observation: researcher as observer and participant-field experiment: res
4、earch (8)_over conditions observation without intervention-purpose: describing behaviour (9)_ -(10)_: no intervention -researcher: a passive recorder（分数：1.00）填空项1:_(2).Observing BehaviourPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or f or proper behaviour. However, there are differences i
5、n daily-life observation and research observation. A. Differencesdaily life observation-casual-(1)_-dependence on memory research observation-(2)_ -careful record keeping B. Ways to select samples in researchtime sampling-systematic:e.g. fixed intervals every hour-random: fixed intervals but (3)_ Sy
6、stematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.(4)_ -definition: selection of different locations-reason: humans or animals behaviour (5)_across circumstances-(6)_: more objective observations C. Ways to record behaviour (7)_ observation with intervention-participant observation
7、: researcher as observer and participant-field experiment: research (8)_over conditions observation without intervention-purpose: describing behaviour (9)_ -(10)_: no intervention -researcher: a passive recorder（分数：1.00）填空项1:_(3).Observing BehaviourPeople do observation in daily life context for saf
8、ety or f or proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily-life observation and research observation. A. Differencesdaily life observation-casual-(1)_-dependence on memory research observation-(2)_ -careful record keeping B. Ways to select samples in researchtime sampling-systematic:e.g.
9、fixed intervals every hour-random: fixed intervals but (3)_ Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.(4)_ -definition: selection of different locations-reason: humans or animals behaviour (5)_across circumstances-(6)_: more objective observations C. Ways to record behavi
10、our (7)_ observation with intervention-participant observation: researcher as observer and participant-field experiment: research (8)_over conditions observation without intervention-purpose: describing behaviour (9)_ -(10)_: no intervention -researcher: a passive recorder（分数：1.00）填空项1:_(4).Observin
11、g BehaviourPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or f or proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily-life observation and research observation. A. Differencesdaily life observation-casual-(1)_-dependence on memory research observation-(2)_ -careful record keeping B. Wa
12、ys to select samples in researchtime sampling-systematic:e.g. fixed intervals every hour-random: fixed intervals but (3)_ Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.(4)_ -definition: selection of different locations-reason: humans or animals behaviour (5)_across circumstan
13、ces-(6)_: more objective observations C. Ways to record behaviour (7)_ observation with intervention-participant observation: researcher as observer and participant-field experiment: research (8)_over conditions observation without intervention-purpose: describing behaviour (9)_ -(10)_: no intervent
14、ion -researcher: a passive recorder（分数：1.00）填空项1:_(5).Observing BehaviourPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or f or proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily-life observation and research observation. A. Differencesdaily life observation-casual-(1)_-dependence on
15、memory research observation-(2)_ -careful record keeping B. Ways to select samples in researchtime sampling-systematic:e.g. fixed intervals every hour-random: fixed intervals but (3)_ Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.(4)_ -definition: selection of different locat
16、ions-reason: humans or animals behaviour (5)_across circumstances-(6)_: more objective observations C. Ways to record behaviour (7)_ observation with intervention-participant observation: researcher as observer and participant-field experiment: research (8)_over conditions observation without interv
17、ention-purpose: describing behaviour (9)_ -(10)_: no intervention -researcher: a passive recorder（分数：1.00）填空项1:_(6).Observing BehaviourPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or f or proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily-life observation and research observation. A
18、. Differencesdaily life observation-casual-(1)_-dependence on memory research observation-(2)_ -careful record keeping B. Ways to select samples in researchtime sampling-systematic:e.g. fixed intervals every hour-random: fixed intervals but (3)_ Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used
19、 in combination.(4)_ -definition: selection of different locations-reason: humans or animals behaviour (5)_across circumstances-(6)_: more objective observations C. Ways to record behaviour (7)_ observation with intervention-participant observation: researcher as observer and participant-field exper
20、iment: research (8)_over conditions observation without intervention-purpose: describing behaviour (9)_ -(10)_: no intervention -researcher: a passive recorder（分数：1.00）填空项1:_(7).Observing BehaviourPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or f or proper behaviour. However, there are dif
21、ferences in daily-life observation and research observation. A. Differencesdaily life observation-casual-(1)_-dependence on memory research observation-(2)_ -careful record keeping B. Ways to select samples in researchtime sampling-systematic:e.g. fixed intervals every hour-random: fixed intervals b
22、ut (3)_ Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.(4)_ -definition: selection of different locations-reason: humans or animals behaviour (5)_across circumstances-(6)_: more objective observations C. Ways to record behaviour (7)_ observation with intervention-participant o
23、bservation: researcher as observer and participant-field experiment: research (8)_over conditions observation without intervention-purpose: describing behaviour (9)_ -(10)_: no intervention -researcher: a passive recorder（分数：1.00）填空项1:_(8).Observing BehaviourPeople do observation in daily life conte
24、xt for safety or f or proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily-life observation and research observation. A. Differencesdaily life observation-casual-(1)_-dependence on memory research observation-(2)_ -careful record keeping B. Ways to select samples in researchtime sampling-system
25、atic:e.g. fixed intervals every hour-random: fixed intervals but (3)_ Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.(4)_ -definition: selection of different locations-reason: humans or animals behaviour (5)_across circumstances-(6)_: more objective observations C. Ways to rec
26、ord behaviour (7)_ observation with intervention-participant observation: researcher as observer and participant-field experiment: research (8)_over conditions observation without intervention-purpose: describing behaviour (9)_ -(10)_: no intervention -researcher: a passive recorder（分数：1.00）填空项1:_(9
27、).Observing BehaviourPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or f or proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily-life observation and research observation. A. Differencesdaily life observation-casual-(1)_-dependence on memory research observation-(2)_ -careful record kee
28、ping B. Ways to select samples in researchtime sampling-systematic:e.g. fixed intervals every hour-random: fixed intervals but (3)_ Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.(4)_ -definition: selection of different locations-reason: humans or animals behaviour (5)_across
29、circumstances-(6)_: more objective observations C. Ways to record behaviour (7)_ observation with intervention-participant observation: researcher as observer and participant-field experiment: research (8)_over conditions observation without intervention-purpose: describing behaviour (9)_ -(10)_: no
30、 intervention -researcher: a passive recorder（分数：1.00）填空项1:_(10).Observing BehaviourPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or f or proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily-life observation and research observation. A. Differencesdaily life observation-casual-(1)_-dep
31、endence on memory research observation-(2)_ -careful record keeping B. Ways to select samples in researchtime sampling-systematic:e.g. fixed intervals every hour-random: fixed intervals but (3)_ Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.(4)_ -definition: selection of diff
32、erent locations-reason: humans or animals behaviour (5)_across circumstances-(6)_: more objective observations C. Ways to record behaviour (7)_ observation with intervention-participant observation: researcher as observer and participant-field experiment: research (8)_over conditions observation wit
33、hout intervention-purpose: describing behaviour (9)_ -(10)_: no intervention -researcher: a passive recorder（分数：1.00）填空项1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT?（分数：1.00）A.Creativity stems from human beings novel thinking.B.The duration of the
34、creative process varies from person to person.C.Creative people focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions.D.The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms.(2).The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativity（分数：1.00）A.seems to be attributable to genetic makeup.B.appears to
35、 be the result of the environment.C.appears to be more associated with great people.D.comes from both environment and genetic makeup.(3).How many types of the creative process does the interviewee describe?（分数：1.00）A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.(4).Which of the following features of a creative personal
36、ity is NOT mentioned in the interview?（分数：1.00）A.Unconventional.B.Critical.C.Resolute.D.Original.(5).The interviewees suggestion for a creativity workout supports the view that（分数：1.00）A.brain exercising will not make people creative.B.most people have diversified interests and hobbies.C.creativity
37、can only be found in great people.D.the environment is significant in the creative process.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)1.What is the news item mainly about?（分数：1.00）A.A problem in the cooling system was solved.B.A 350-kilogram ammonia pump was removed.C.S. astronauts made three space walks.D.An intern
38、ational space station was set up.(1).In which country would parents often threaten to punish children by leaving them outside?（分数：1.00）A.India.B.Egypt.C.The Philippines.D.Not mentioned.(2).What is the main purpose of the study?（分数：1.00）A.To reveal cultural differences and similarities.B.To investiga
39、te ways of physical punishment.C.To analyze child behaviour across countries.D.To expose cases of child abuse and punishment.(1).According to the news item, Japans economic growth in the second quarter was _ less than the first quarter.（分数：1.00）A.4 percentB.3 percentC.0.6 percentD.3.4 percent(2).How
40、 many reasons does the news item cite for Japans slow economic growth?（分数：1.00）A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5五、PART READING COMPR(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：6.00)I used to look at my closet and see clothes. These days, whenever I castmy eyes upon the stacks of shoes and hangers of shirts, sweaters and jackets
41、, I see water.It takes 569 gallons to manufacture a T-shirt, from its start in the cotton fields to its appearance on store shelves. A pair of running shoes? 1,247 gallons.Until last fall, Id been oblivious to my water footprint, which is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to pro
42、duce goods and services, according to the Water Footprint Network. The Dutch nonprofit has been working to raise awareness of freshwater scarcity since 2008, but it was through the Green Blue Book by Thomas M. Kostigen that I was able to see how my own actions factored in.Ive installed gray-water sy
43、stems to reuse the wastewater from my laundry machine and bathtub and reroute it to my landscape-systems that save, on average, 50 gallons of water per day. Ive set up rain barrels and infiltration pits to collect thousands of gallons of storm water cascading from my roof. Ive even entered the last
44、bastion of greendom-installing a composting toilet.Suffice to say, Ive been feeling pretty satisfied with myself for all the drinking water Ive saved with these big-ticket projects.Now I realize that my daily consumption choices could have an even larger effect-not only on the local water supply but also globally: 1.1 billion people have no access to freshwater, and, in the future, those who do have access will have less of it.To see how much virtual water 1 was using, I lo
