1、专业英语八级-阅读理解(二十九)及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、BREADING COMPREH(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BTEXT A/B(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Twelve years ago, as a first-year language-arts teacher at a middle school in Houston, I had 50 minutes a day with each of my classes. That might sound like a decent amount of time, but after takin
2、g roll and checking homework. I was lucky to have even 40 minutes left to teach my students, the majority of whom were low income or just learning to speak English. I had to take a triage approach one thats familiar to most public-school teachers. I focused on the basics of reading and writing to pr
3、epare them for the state assessment test, and I was barely able to devote any time to analytical writing, listening comprehension, or persuasive speaking. It felt as if I was shortchanging the students, and my frustration was compounded by the fact that after summer vacation they forgot much of what
4、 theyd learned, coming back even less prepared than they were three months earlier.Six years ago I founded KIPP Heartwood Academy, a public charter school in San Jose, part of a network of 99 KIPP schools nationwide. KIPP (Knowledge Is Power Program) students spend more than 50 percent more time lea
5、rning, with a school day that typically goes from 7:30 a.m. to 5 p.m., along with a mandatory three-week summer-school program. The added time is getting results. With a student population thats more than 85 percent low income, Heartwood has ranked in the top 10 percent of all California public scho
6、ols every year since its inception, and it was named a Blue Ribbon School this year by the U.S. Department of Education. The idea of extending the school day and year is gaining momentum. President Obama recently joined other political and academic leaders who are calling for a new look at our outda
7、ted custom of halting instruction in July and August. (Sorry, kids.) But while Im pleased theres more attention being devoted to time management, Im wary that the notion of tacking on hours will become a passing fad. Improving the countrys education system will take a lot more than simply extending
8、the school day and year.For starters, we shouldnt spend all that extra class time only teaching academics. With budget cuts affecting schools nationwide, fewer are able to offer music and extracurriculars, but if kids are drilled in math and reading all day, theyll lose interest in learning. Schools
9、 should extend their hours if they have the funding for both academics and extracurriculars. They need to provide time not only for remediation but also for sports, languages, performing-arts groups, and clubs for activities like debating that improve creativity and leadership skills.I commend the h
10、undreds of schools nationwide that are beginning to embrace extended school hours and academic calendars. But if they dont account for some of the potential pitfalls, I fear the plan could be discarded like so many other quick fixes. No cure, particularly when it comes to education, is quite so simp
11、le.（分数：25.00）(1).What added to the authors frustration in teaching twelve years ago? A. There was not enough class time for the author to teach the students. B. The majority of the students were low income or studied poorly. C. The author shortchanged the students and hadnt taught things useful. D.
12、The students almost forgot what theyd learned after summer vacation.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is true about KIPP schools extending school time? A. Students learning time is doubled. B. The added time has born fruit. C. The government doesnt agree with it. D. This trend has reached its peak.（分数：5.00）
13、A.B.C.D.(3).What does the author think of the idea of extending school time? A. It is great and has done a lot good to Heartwood. B. It erases the authors worry of insufficient class time. C. It inspires the government to reform time management. D. It isnt enough to improve the countrys education sy
14、stem.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the passage, the reason why fewer schools offer music and extracurriculars is that A. schools are more focusing on academics. B. schools dont have enough budgets. C. the government doesnt support. D. there is not enough time for such subjects.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(
15、5).The main purpose of the passage is to illustrate that A. the idea of extending the school day and year is gaining momentum. B. KIPP schools benefit from the idea of extending school time. C. adding class time is reasonable when extracurriculars are included. D. the education system is outdated an
16、d needs to be reformed.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.三、BTEXT B/B(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not k
17、now who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the f
18、igure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight;
19、 so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have d
20、one is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed m
21、ost has won. And not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of
22、 people were killed or mutilated. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and st
23、ill behave like savages.But we must not expect too much. After all, the race of men has only just started. From the point of view of evolution, human beings are very young children indeed, babies, in fact, of a few months old. Scientists reckon that there has been life of some sort on the earth in t
24、he form of jellyfish and that kind of creature for about twelve hundred million years; but there have been men for only one million years, and there have been civilized men for about eight thousand years at the outside. These figures are difficult to grasp; so let us scale them down. Suppose that we
25、 reckon the whole past of living creatures on the earth as one hundred years; then the whole past of man works out at about one month, and during that month there have been civilizations for between seven and eight hours. So you see there has been little time to learn in, but there will be oceans of
26、 time in which to learn better. Taking mans civilized past at about seven or eight hours, we may estimate his future, that is to say, the whole period between now and when the sun grows too cold to maintain life any longer on the earth at about one hundred thousand years. Thus mankind is only at the
27、 beginning of its civilized life, and as I say, we must not expect too much. The past of man has been on the whole a pretty beastly business, a business of fighting and bullying and gorging and grabbing and hurting. We must not expect even civilized peoples not to have done these things. All we can
28、ask is that they will sometimes have done something else.（分数：25.00）(1).The first sentence of the opening paragraph indicates that A. most history books were written by conquerors, generals and soldiers. B. no one who really helped civilization forward is mentioned in any history book. C. history boo
29、ks neglect the real heroes behind civilization. D. conquerors, generals and soldiers should not be mentioned in history books.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(2).On all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world, we find A. the figure of the same conqueror or general or soldier. B. the figure of some con
30、queror or general or soldier. C. a figure representing a number of conquerors, generals or soldiers in that country. D. the figure of a person who helped civilization forward.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In the authors opinion, the countries that ruled over a large number of other countries are A. certainly
31、 not the greatest in any way. B. neither the greatest nor the most civilized. C. likely the most civilized but not the greatest. D. possibly the greatest in some sense but not the most civilized.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(4).By saying From the point of view of evolution, human beings are very young children
32、indeed., (Para. Three) the author means A. very young children are not civilized. B. evolution does not help civilization forward. C. human beings are still at the beginning of their life on earth. D. human beings have learnt very little in a very long time.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(5).It can be inferred fr
33、om the last three sentences that A. even civilized people have done some fighting and bullying. B. there is nothing wrong if civilized people do some fighting and battling. C. those who have fought and bullied cannot be considered civilized. D. civilized people have never done any lighting and bully
34、ing.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.四、BTEXT C/B(总题数：1，分数：25.00)At the end of last year, a town called Friendship Heights, in Marylands Montgomery County, approved Americas (and thus the worlds) strictest tobacco policy. Town officers courageously banned smoking on all public property, including streets, pavements
35、and public squares. Its a public health issue, said the mayor, Alfred Muller, who is also a doctor. We dont have the right to outlaw tobacco, but were doing what we can within our rights.This newspaper has expressed disgruntlement with the element of intolerance that is increasingly manifesting itse
36、lf within Americas anti-tobacco movement. It must be said, however, that brave Friendship Heights has discovered an approach that liberals can embrace. Private property is its owners sanctuary, but the public rules in public spaces. Undeniably, the streets belong to the government; what happens in t
37、hem, therefore, is the governments business.On this worthy principle, smoking should be merely the beginning. For example, it is clear that the consumption of fatty foods contributes to heart disease, strokes and other deadly disease. Besides, eating junk makes you unhealthy and ugly. What people do
38、 at home is their own affair, but why allows them to abuse the public streets for this gluttony? Americas pavements and boardwalks are overridden with persons, many of them overweight, who amble along licking ice cream or gobbling chips. In many cities, hot dogs are spread, quite openly, on the pave
39、ment itself. All this should be stopped. Not just in Friendship Heights but in other enlightened districts, it should be illegal to eat anything but low-fat foods in public zones. Because Americans consume too little by way of fruits and vegetables, in time (it is best to move slowly, because people
40、s rights must be respected) streets should become strictly vegetarian.More can be done. Shrieking newspaper headlines create stress for those who may not wish to view them. People who want to buy and read papers should therefore be required to do so in private. America has long and justly sought to
41、prevent the entanglement of religion with public life. What people do in church or at home is their business. However, praying, sermonizing or wearing religious garb in the streets surely compromises the requirement that the public will not be dragooned into supporting religion.There is the environm
42、ent to consider, as well. That people exhale carbon dioxide in public places, thus contributing to global warming, is probably inevitable, and Americas politicians would be wise to permit it. But methane, too, is a greenhouse gas, and an odiferous one. Its emission in public places, where it can nei
43、ther be avoided nor filtered, seems an imposition on both planetary hygiene and human comfort. Breakers of wind, surely, can be required to wait until they can answer their needs in private and prosecuted when they fail.Fame, then, to Friendship Heights. Other towns should take note. If they intend
44、to fulfill their responsibilities to the health and welfare of citizens, to public order, and above all to the public streets and parks whose rights the authorities are sworn to uphold, then the way ahead is clear.（分数：25.00）(1).It can be inferred from Alfred Mullers words that A. laws do a lot for p
45、ublic health. B. he cant make laws about the tobacco. C. what he has done is benefiting the people. D. the mayors approval is the important factor in making laws.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(2).All of the following measures can be taken for good of public health EXCEPT A. that people are restricted in emitting
46、 carbon dioxide in public. B. that people are not permitted to read newspapers with shrieking headlines. C. that people are forbidden to eat fatty food in public places. D. that smoking is banned in public places.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word disgruntlement (Line One, Para. Two) means A. agreement.
47、B. sarcasm. C. welcome. D. dissatisfaction.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which is NOT the peoples private thing? A. Reading newspaper. B. Playing in the street. C. Smoking. D. Sleeping at home.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is true about the author? A. He thinks the law of Friendship Height is just a stunt. B. He is careless about the law. C. He thinks that although it is not bad to set up such laws, the law-makers must think about it practically. D. He is optimistic about the laws being passed.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.五、BTEXT D/B(总题数：1，分数：25.00)When outsourcing company Keane I
