1、专业英语八级-阅读理解(一)及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、TEST ONE(总题数：4，分数：20.00)TEXT AFor Cressida it was spiritually like some pagan vegetation rite of regeneration and renewal. In the sunburnt pepper-and-salt of Provencal landscape, in the sunny blue light of the Mediterranean, amid rocks and olives, in the ca
2、refree, slower, winy, singing zest of the Latin south, she seemed reborn; she responded to it all like a string plucked on an instrument. She was still beautiful, more beautiful in her late twenties than ever she had been, but repolished now by recapturing of the earlier joy and vivacity. Yet when t
3、he time came to turn north again she always went ungrudgingly, drawn now by a hunger and anxiety for her children, who during these holidays stayed at a pleasant farm school in Hertfordshire, because, as she would say, They must be getting sick to death of the food up there; I know the poor things l
4、oathe the fish they get. For Meredith these European vacations were essential in a different way for tonic and therapeutic rather than for spiritual values. By the end of a second year in London the strain of attempting to do two demanding and highly concentrated jobs was beginning seriously to tell
5、 on him, he was being mauled also by the division in his interests. He had by this time had two novels published by a Bloomsbury firm highly distinguished in the mare rarefied levels of poetry., belles-lettres, drama, criticism, free arts, and scholarship, but just feeling its way, not entirely succ
6、essfully, into the world of fiction with more hurly-burly. So that while Meredith could raise eyebrows (being Australian) at literary cocktail parties by saying who his publishers were, his advances on royalties were very small and his sales so inconsiderable as never to justify expectation of any f
7、urther sum beyond the initial royalty payment. On the other hand, both books, possibly because of the publishers imprint, had received passing commendation of a sort in a number of the better literary columns. While far from being hailed as a discovery there were little measures of praise for some a
8、spects of his writing and two critics even saw indications of some considerable promise, this apprehension, of course, being substantially qualified by what the critics then went on to say. Meredith, none the less, was immensely encouraged, and feverishly went to work on his big novel, a very ambiti
9、ous historical reconstruction of the passing of the Ming Dynasty. Writing this in spare hours at night after the pressures of a full days newspaper work, he pushed himself very close to a breakdownhe was also drinking pretty heavily as a stimulant between the two tasksmad Cressida forced him finally
10、 to consult Carl Kronfeld, her doctor, who obligingly prescribed drugs for three weeks to enable Meredith to complete the novel, but was impelled to utter a warning.（分数：5.00）(1).Though Cressida enjoyed the vacations completely,（分数：1.00）A.she decided to return earlier and go to work.B.she wanted to s
11、tay with Meredith.C.she was eager to return home and look after her children.D.she was eager to go back because her children liked fish.(2).The publication of Merediths two novels（分数：1.00）A.was very widely accepted.B.was greatly appreciated.C.made him proud of himself.D.was due to his advances on ro
12、yalties.(3).What dose the word hurly-burly mean?（分数：1.00）A.Tumult.B.Imagination.C.Unease.D.Space.(4).The passage suggests that Merediths formal profession was probably（分数：1.00）A.a writer.B.a journalist.C.a doctor.D.a publisher.(5).The passage is most probably found in（分数：1.00）A.a biography.B.a liter
13、ary review.C.a literary column.D.a historical narration.TEXT BI recently took care of a 50-year-old man who had been admitted to the hospital, short of breath. During his month-long stay he was seen by a hematologist, an endocrinologist, a kidney specialist, a podiatrist, two cardiologists, a cardia
14、c electrophysiologist, an infectious-diseases specialist, a pulmonologist, an ear-nose-throat specialist, a urologist, a gastroenterologist, a neurologist, a nutritionist, a general surgeon, a thoracic surgeon and a pain specialist. He underwent 12 procedures, including cardiac catheterization, a pa
15、cemaker implant and a bone-marrow biopsy (to work-up chronic anemia). Despite this wearying schedule, he maintained an upbeat manner, walking the corridors daily with assistance to chat with nurses and physician assistants. When he was discharged, follow-up visits were scheduled for him with seven s
16、pecialists. This mans case, in which expert consultations sprouted with little rhyme, reason or coordination, reinforced a lesson I have learned many times since entering practice, in our health care system, where doctors are paid piecework for their services, if you have a slew of physicians and a
17、willing patient, almost any sort of terrible excess can occur. Though accurate data is lacking, the overuse of services in health care probably cost hundreds of billions of dollars last year, out of the more than $2 trillion that Americans spent on health. Are we getting our moneys worth? Not accord
18、ing to the usual measures of public health. The United States ranks 45th in life expectancy, behind Bosnia and Jordan; near last, compared with other developed countries, in infant mortality; and in last place, according to the Commonwealth Fund, a healthcare research group, among major industrializ
19、ed countries in healthcare quality, access and efficiency. And in the United States, regions that spend the most on healthcare appear to have higher mortality rates than regions that spend the least, perhaps because of increased hospitalization rates that result in more life-threatening errors and i
20、nfections. It has been estimated that if the entire country spent the same as the lowest spending regions, the Medicare program alone could save about $40 billion a year. Overutilization is driven by many factors defensive medicine by doctors trying to avoid lawsuits; patients demands; a pervading b
21、elief among doctors and patients that newer, more expensive technology is better. The most important factor, however, may be the perverse financial incentives of our current system. Overconsultation and overtesting have now become facts of the medical profession. The culture in practice is to grab p
22、atients and generate volume. Medicine has become like everything else, a doctor told me recently. Everything moves because of money. Consider medical imaging. According to a federal commission, from 1999 to 2004 the growth in the volume of imaging services per Medicare patient far outstripped the gr
23、owth of all other physician services. In 2004, the cost of imaging services was close to $100 billion, or an average of roughly $350 per person in the United States. Not long ago, I visited a frienda cardiologist in his late 30sat his office on Long Island to ask him about imaging in private practic
24、es. When I started in practice, I wanted to do the right thing, he told me matter-of-factly. A young woman would come in with palpitations. Id tell her she was fine. But then I realized that shed just go down the street to another physician and shed order all the tests anyway: echocardiogram, stress
25、 test, Holter monitorstuff she didnt really need. Then shed go around and tell her friends what a great doctora thorough doctorthe other cardiologist was. I tried to practice ethical medicine, but it didnt help. It didnt pay, both from a financial and a reputation standpoint. Last year, Congress app
26、roved steep reductions in Medicare payments for certain imaging services. Deeper cuts will almost certainly be forthcoming. This is good; unnecessary imaging is almost certainly taking place, leading to falsepositive results, unnecessary invasive procedures, more complications and so on. But the pro
27、blem in medicine today is much larger than imaging. Doctors are doing too much testing and too many procedures, often for the sake of business. And patients, unfortunately, are paying the price. The hospital is a great place to be when you are sick, a hospital executive told me recently. But I dont
28、want my mother in here five minutes longer than she needs to be. /（分数：5.00）(1).Whats the main idea of the first three paragrahs?（分数：1.00）A.There are a lot of excessive services in American hospitals.B.Doctors are over-loaded in American hospitals.C.American hospitals are suffering great loss because
29、 of poor health conditions.D.The healthcare service in the American hospitals is systematic and patient-oriented.(2).The word imaging in the eleventh paragraph means（分数：1.00）A.a picture that you have in your mind, especially about what someone or something is like or the way they look.B.a technical
30、process in which pictures of the inside of someones body are produced.C.the process of making a scientific or computer model of something to show how it works or to understand it better.D.the opinion people have of a person, organization, product etc.(3).The tone of the article towards the American
31、healthcare system is（分数：1.00）A.joking.B.suggestive.C.objective.D.humourous.(4).The causes of the overuse of medical examinations are all of the following EXCEPT that（分数：1.00）A.patients ask doctors to do more tests than necessary.B.doctors want to make more money by using newer and more expensive tec
32、hnology.C.doctors try to avoid being sued by their colleagues.D.doctors want to prove to their patients they are competent.(5).According to the author, which statement is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.The United States has one of the least efficient health-care system in the world.B.My friend had to overtest
33、his patients more because he needs to earn more profit from the tests and to gain a good reputation.C.It seems that in different regions of the U. S. the number of death is in proportion to the health-care expenditure.D.Patients are the actual victims of the over-testing and over-procedures.TEXT CNo
34、t long ago, friends of mine confessed over dinner that they had put spyware on their 15-year-oht sons computer so they could monitor all he did ratline. At first I was repelled at this invasion of privacy. Now, after doing a fair amount of research, I get it. Make no mistake: If you put spyare on yo
35、ur computer, you have the ability to log every keystroke your child makes and thus a good portion of his or her private world. Thats what spyware isat least the parental monitoring kind. You dont have to be an expert to put it on your computer. You just download the software from a vendor and you wi
36、ll receive reportsweekly, daily, whatevershowing you everything your child is doing on the machine. Scary. But a good idea. Most parents wont even consider it. Maybe its the word: spyware. It brings up associations of Dick Cheney sitting in a dark room, rubbing his hands together and reading your mo
37、st private thoughts. But this isnt the government we are talking aboutthis is your family. Its a mistake to confuse the two. Loving parents are doing the surveillance here, not faceless bureaucrats. And most parents already monitor their children, watching over their home environment, their school.
38、Todays overprotective parents fight their kids battles on the playground, berate coaches about playing time and fill out college applicationsyet when it comes to chatting with pedophiles or watching beheadings or gambling away their entire life savings, then.then their children deserve independence?
39、 Some will say that you should simply trust your child, and that if he is old enough to go on the Internet he is old enough to know the dangers. Trust is one thing, but surrendering parental responsibility to a machine that allows the entire world access to your home borders on negligence. Some will
40、 say that its better just to use parental blocks that deny access to risky sites. I have found that they dont work. Children know how to get around them. But more than thatand this is where it gets toughI want to know whats being said in e-mail and instant messages and in chat rooms. There are two r
41、easons for this. First, weve all read about the young boy unknowingly conversing with a pedophile or the girl who was cyberbullied to the point where she committed suicide. Would a watchful eye have helped? We rely in the real world on teachers and parents to guard against bulliesdo we just dismiss
42、bullying on the Internet and all it entails because we are entering difficult ethical ground? Second, everything your child types can already be seen by the worldteachers, potential employers, friends, neighbors, future dates. Shouldnt he learn now that the Internet is not a haven of privacy? One of
43、 the most popular arguments against spyware is the claim that you are reading your teenagers every thought, and that in todays world, a computer is the little key-locked diary of the past. But posting thoughts on the Internet isnt the same thing as hiding them under your mattress. Maybe you should b
44、uy your children one of those little key-locked diaries so that they too can understand the difference. Am I suggesting eavesdropping on every conversation? No. With new technology comes new responsibility. That works both ways. There is a fine line between being responsibly protective and irrespons
45、ibly nosy. You shouldnt monitor to find out if your daughters friend has a crush on Kevin next door or that Mrs. Peterson gives too much homework or what schoolmate snubbed your son. You are there to start conversations and to be a safety net. To borrow from the national intelligence lexiconand yes,
46、 thats uncomfortableyoure listening for dangerous chatter. Will your teenagers find other ways of communicating with their friends when they realize you may be watching? Yes. But text messages and cellphones dont offer the anonymity and danger of the Internet. They are usually one-on-one with someon
47、e you know. It is far easier for a predator to troll chat rooms and MySpace and Facebook. Parenting has never been for the faint of heart. One friend of mine, using spyware to monitor his college-bound, straight-A daughter, found out that not only was she using drugs but she was sleeping with her de
48、aler. He wisely took a deep breath before confronting her. Then he decided to come clean, to let her know how he had found out, to speak with her about the dangers inherent in her behavior. Hed had these conversations before, of course, but this time he had context. She listened. There was no anger. Things seem better now. Our knee-jerk reaction as freedom-loving Americans is to be suspicions of anything that hints at invasion of privacy. Thats a good and noble thing. But its not an absolute, particularly in the face of the new and evolving challenges presented by the
