1、专业英语八级听力-九及答案解析 (总分：20.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).What do we learn about NCLB?（分数：1.00）A.It proves to be a perfect educational program.B.It doesnt focus on test s
2、cores in reading and math.C.It has negative effects on subjects not tested.D.It has results in constantly tested subjects as expecte(2).What do Dr. Ravitchs basic principles of education center on?（分数：1.00）A.All children should have access to an education of high quality.B.Accountability and choice
3、are very effective means.C.More public services should be ptivatized at a faster speed.D.Physical education isnt an essential part of high-quality education.(3).What is the limitation of standardized tests nowadays?（分数：1.00）A.There are only essays and demonstrations of knowledge.B.There are too few
4、multiple-choice questions.C.They narrow ways of measuring what students have learned,D.They make it difficult to unify a standard for evaluation.(4).Dr. Ravitch will support the following policies EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.having principals who have been excellent teachers.B.insisting on high qualifications
5、for new teachers.C.committing to building a better and stronger profession.D.that students get a solid education only in tested subjects.(5).Which of the following is NOT the reason for high dropout rate nationally?（分数：1.00）A.Some students have to earn money to support the family.B.Some students fai
6、l repeatedly in school.C.Some girls become pregnant.D.Some students get unfair treatment in school.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)1.Question 6 is based on the following news.What is the main idea about this news item?（分数：1.00）A.The carbon tax does not exist in Europe.B.French government backs down on car
7、bon tax plan.C.The court rejected the carbon tax plan last year.D.The president is revising the carbon tax plan.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news.（分数：2.00）(1).From the drug trade, Mexican gangs gained _ from the US each year.（分数：1.00）A.$1.4 billionB.$38 billionC.$17 billionD.$40 bill
8、ion(2).In the US, the rise of heroin production in Mexico in 2008 resulted in（分数：1.00）A.lower heroin prices.B.rapid grow of drug trade.C.more diseases.D.widespread drug activists.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news.（分数：2.00）(1).According to the news item, the potential treatment for s
9、leeping sickness（分数：1.00）A.was identified by British experts.B.has been put into service for 18 months.C.has not fully been developed so far.D.is taken by injection.(2).Which of the following statements about the disease is TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.It kills 60,000 people in Africa each year.B.It is easy to d
10、iagnose but difficult to cure.C.It spreads through air.D.It can cause deat专业英语八级听力-九答案解析 (总分：20.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)填空项1:_（正确答案：non-professional）解析：听力原文 1-10AdvertisingGood morning, everyone. In todays lecture, well mainly talk about the adverti
11、sement in our life. To start, Id like to have an introduction to advertising first.1Advertising can be defined as a paid form of non-professional but encouraging, complimenting and positively favorable presentation of goods and services to a group of people by an identified sponsor. It does not incl
12、ude distribution of free samples or offering bonuses, these are sales promotion. In simplest words, advertising is an introduction to consumers and general public, of services and goods.In a modem society, no company can hope to make a profit on any product unless it advertises it first. 2Advertisin
13、g creates brand awareness in general public and to make business more popular within the circle of potential buyers. Advertising, in a straight line, increases profit of the companies by escalating its revenue. The expenditure made on advertisement can turn as good boost in earnings.Therefore, the m
14、ost important decision that a company has to make regarding advertising is where to advertise. On TV? In magazines? On the radio? In newspapers? We refer to these means of communication as the media. There are three categories of media: print, broadcast, and direct. Today, we are going to describe e
15、ach of these categories and discuss their importance and usefulness in advertising.The first category, the print media, consists of printed information sources; in other words, newspapers and magazines. For the advertisers, each of these has certain advantages and disadvantages. Lets talk first abou
16、t newspapers, which receive more money from advertisements each year than any other medium. This is because newspaper advertising has several outstanding advantages. First of all, nearly everybody reads newspapers. Therefore, newspaper ads reach huge numbers of people. Moreover. Newspapers are gener
17、ally -local. This allows small, local businesses to advertise directly to their potential customers. Third, 3newspaper advertising is relatively cheap; so the ad can be as long as the advertiser wants and it can also be repeated. On the other hand, newspaper ads have no color, 4and they are not very
18、 exciting or glamorous. Instead, you find these ads in the second type of print medium, magazines.For the advertiser, 5the greatest advantage of magazines is that they have specialized groups of readers. In other words, the people who read Car and Driver are probably not the same people who read Gla
19、mour, which is a womens magazine, or The New Republic, a political magazine. Therefore, advertising in a magazine allows a business to direct its ads to the people who are most interested in the product. The big disadvantage of magazine advertisement is that it can be very expensive, especially in m
20、agazines like Playboy or National Geographic.Lets move along now and talk about the broadcast media, by which we mean radio and television. These also have both advantages and disadvantages. First, radio. Radio has two of the same advantages as newspapers: Almost everybody listens to it, and its usu
21、ally local. 6 However the radio is a background medium, and most listeners are doing something else while listening, which means that the ad has to work hard to get their attention. Further, because radio listeners are spread over many stations, a company may have to advertise .simultaneously on sev
22、eral stations to reach your target audience.Millions of dollars are spent each year on radio ads, but millions more are spent on television advertising. You can easily understand why. Of all the media, 7TV, with sound, sight, and motion is the most dramatic so the ads are easy to remember. How many
23、of you, for example, can sing the slogan for Coca-Cola, Its the real thing? Thats because TV permits ads to reach large numbers of people on a national or regional level in a short period of time. On the other hand, ads on TV are enormously expensive. For example, a thirty-second commercial during t
24、he evening can cost $150,000. Obviously, only large companies can afford to advertise on television.There is one more category of media that is used extensively in advertising. These are the direct media. The most common direct media is the mail, and direct mail advertising is a very big business. E
25、ven if you have only lived in this country for a short time, you have probably already received advertisements in the mail. The advantage of advertising by mail is that advertising message is targeted to those most likely to buy the product or service. However, many people dont bother to read these
26、ads; in fact, 8we call them junk mail and often throw them away without even opening the envelope.9Another direct medium is billboards; these are the huge signs that you see whenever you drive down the street. Billboards are useful because they are colorful and easy to see. 10And the message is perm
27、anent. However, the message must be short enough for drivers to read as they are passing by.The third type of direct medium is signs and posters. They are usually used in what is called point of purchase advertising that is, ads that appear in the same place where the product is being sold. You can
28、see point of purchase advertising every time you go to the supermarket. There are always signs in the window telling you what is on sale that day. This is also a kind of advertising. Its great advantage is that it is cheap.OK. This brings us to the end of todays lecture. I hope now you have a better
29、 understanding of different advertising media. In our next lecture, well discuss in detail how to choose the best advertising media for different types of companies.填空项1:_（正确答案：popularity）解析：填空项1:_（正确答案：repeated）解析：填空项1:_（正确答案：glamorous）解析：填空项1:_（正确答案：specialized group）解析：填空项1:_（正确答案：attention）解析：填空
30、项1:_（正确答案：motion）解析：填空项1:_（正确答案：junk mail）解析：填空项1:_（正确答案：Billboards）解析：填空项1:_（正确答案：permanent）解析：三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).What do we learn about NCLB?（分数：1.00）A.It proves to be a perfect educational program.B.It doesnt focus on test scores in reading and math.C.It has negative effects on subject
31、s not tested.D.It has results in constantly tested subjects as expecte解析：听力原文 1-5M: Good evening. Today we have Dr. Diane Ravitch with us. She was once as one of the most important supporters of No Child Left Behind policy, or NCLB. But in her new book, she strongly opposed to NCLB. But why did you
32、support the policy so vigorously before?W: For many years, there has been widespread recognition that the performance of American students was less than optimal. NCLB seemed to offer a reasonable plan to strengthen basic skills of all students, which would then make them stronger in other subjects a
33、nd prepare them better for college and the workplace.M: What motivated you to change these views and write your new book?W: 1As I saw the actual effects of NCLB, I came to realize that the focus on test scores in reading and math was having negative effects on subjects that were not tested like hist
34、ory, geography, science, literature, foreign languages, etc. Because of the high stakes attached to NCLB testing, there was no incentive to teach anything that was not tested. Billions have been invested in materials to prepare for state testing. Yet the results have been meager to date, even in the
35、 subjects that are constantly tested.M: What message are you trying to convey about the current and future state of the American school system in your new book?W: I hope with my book to cause policymakers to rethink their reliance of testing, accountability, and private-sector choice as solutions to
36、 the problems of public education. I would like to see a renaissance of educational values; I would like to slow the momentum to reduce all education to a test score and to privatize public services.M: Many reviews have been very positive but some say you have changed your views on education complet
37、ely. What has changed? What has not changed?W: 2I have never changed my fundamental principles which center on the idea that all children should have access to an education of high quality, one that includes not only basic skills, but history, geography, foreign languages, literature, science, and o
38、ther studies, as well as physical education and health. Accountability and choice are means, not ends. I concluded that they are not effective means, because they subvert the goal. So I abandoned the means, but not the end, which is what matters most.M: You talk in your book about your education in
39、Houston. How does your experience compare with that of students today? What has improved? What has declined?W: I had a good education, but not a great education. I dont want to romanticize the public schools of my generation. Yet, despite their inadequacies, the schools understood that all students
40、should have a broad education. Most tests were essays and demonstrations of knowledge, not standardized, multiple-choice questions. 3The current reliance on standardized tests is a product of advancing technology, but it has a bad effect on education because it narrows our means of gauging what stud
41、ents have learned. So now they learn to guess the right answer, instead of demonstrating knowledge and comprehension.M: One criticism of your book is that you are necessarily vague about how to achieve your goals. What concrete actions would you recommend at this point for American educational refor
42、m?W: My book was intended to be a critique of what we are doing now in national policy. Part of the critique implies different policies. For example, policymakers seem to have agreed on putting non-educators into positions of authority at every point in the education system: So we have school superi
43、ntendents who are lawyers, businessmen, military veterans. We have principals who have little experience as educators but took a course to learn how to be a principal. And there is great enthusiasm among journalists for recruiting new college graduates to be teachers, who will remain in the classroo
44、m for only two or three years, then leave for other professions. I strongly recommend that we make education more professional, not less so. That we have superintendents who have extensive background in education; that we have principals who have been master teachers; and that we insist on high qual
45、ifications for new teachers and commit to building a better and stronger profession. 4At the same time I believe we must have in every school a strong curriculum that ensures that every student will get a solid education in all the major subjects, not just those that are tested.M: In your opinion, w
46、hat are the root causes of the high dropout rate nationally?W: Students drop out for different reasons. 5Some leave because they want to earn money to help support their family; some leave because they are discouraged after failing in school repeatedly. Some girls leave because they are pregnant. So
47、me leave, but return at a later date. The most consistent predictor of school leaving is poverty, which is also correlated with low achievement. So failure breeds failure.M: Yes, OK. Thank you for all the insightful view on the education system.W: You are most welcome.(2).What do Dr. Ravitchs basic principles of education center on?（分数：1.00）A.All children should have access to an education of high quality.B.Accountability and choice are very effective me
