1、专业英语八级2011年及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_三、SECTION B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).According to Dr. Harley, what makes language learning more difficult after a certain age?（分数：1.00）A.Difference
2、s between two languages.B.Declining capacity to learn syntax.C.Lack of time available.D.Absence of motivation.(2).What does the example of Czech speakers show?（分数：1.00）A.Its natural for language learners to make errors.B.Differences between languages cause difficulty.C.There exist differences betwee
3、n English and Czech.D.Difficulty stems from either difference or similarity.(3).Which of the following methods does NOT advocate speaking?（分数：1.00）A.The traditional method.B.The audiolingual method.C.The immersion method.D.The direct method.(4).Which hypothesis deals with the role of language knowle
4、dge in the learning process?（分数：1.00）A.The acquisition and learning distinction hypothesis.B.The comprehensible input hypothesis.C.The monitor hypothesis.D.The active filter hypothesis.(5).Which of the following topics is NOT discussed during the interview?（分数：1.00）A.Causes of language learning diff
5、iculties.B.Differences between mother tongue and a second language.C.Theoretical conceptualization of second language learning.D.Pedagogical implementation of second language teaching.四、SECTION C(总题数：3，分数：5.00)A.B.C.D.(1).What does the news item say about the fires in Greece?（分数：1.00）A.Fires only oc
6、curred near the Greek capital.B.Fires near the capital caused casualties.C.Fires near the capital were the biggest.D.Fires near the capital were soon under control.(2).According to the news, what measure did authorities take to fight the fires?（分数：1.00）A.Residents were asked to vacate their homes.B.
7、Troops were brought in to help the firefighters.C.Air operations and water drops continued overnight.D.Another six fire engines joined the firefighting operation.(1).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the current decline in the Mexican economy?（分数：1.00）A.Fewer job opportunities in
8、 Mexico.B.Strong ties with the U.S. economy.C.Decline in tourism.D.Decline in tax revenues.(2).Drop in remittances from abroad is mainly due to（分数：1.00）A.declining oil production.B.the outbreak of the H1N1 flu.C.the declining GDP in Mexico.D.the economic downturn in the U. S.五、PART READING COMPR(总题数
9、：0，分数：0.00)六、TEXT A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Whenever we could, Joan and I took refuge in the streets of Gibraltar. The Englishmans home is his castle because he has not much choice. There is nowhere to sit in the streets of England, not even, after twilight, in the public gardens. The climate, very often, doe
10、s not even permit him to walk outside. Naturally, he stays indoors and creates a cocoon of comfort. That was the way we lived in Leeds.These southern people, on the other hand, look outwards. The Gibraltarian home is, typically, a small and crowded apartment up several flights of dark and dirty stai
11、rs. In it, one, two or even three old people share a few ill-lit rooms with the young family. Once he has eaten, changed his clothes, embraced his wife, kissed his children and his parents, there is nothing to keep the southern man at home. He hurries out, taking even his breakfast coffee at his loc
12、al bar. He comes home late for his afternoon meal after an appetitive hour at his ear6. He sleeps for an hour, dresses, goes out again and stays out until late at night. His wife does not miss him, for she is out, too at the market in the morning and in the afternoon sitting with other mothers, baby
13、-minding in the sun.The usual Gibraltarian home has no sitting-room, living-room or lounge. The parlour of our working-class houses would be an intolerable waste of space. Easy-chairs, sofas and such-like furniture are unknown. There are no bookshelves, because there are no books. Talking and drinki
14、ng, as well as eating, are done on hard chairs round the dining-table, between a sideboard decorated with the best glasses and an inevitable display cabinet full of family treasures, photographs and souvenirs. The elaborate chandelier over this table proclaims it as the hub of the household and of t
15、he family. Hearth and home makes very little sense in Gibraltar. Ones home is ones town or village, and ones hearth is the sunshine.Our northern towns are dormitories with cubicles, by comparison. When we congregate in the churches it used to be, now in the cinema, say, impersonally, or at public me
16、etings, formally we are scarcely ever man to man. Only in our pubs can you find the truly gregarious and communal spirit surviving, and in England even the pubs are divided along class lines.Along this Mediterranean coast, home is only a refuge and a retreat. The people live together in the open air
17、 in the street, market-place. Down here, there is a far stronger feeling of community than we had ever known. In crowded and circumscribed Gibraltar, with its complicated inter-marriages, its identity of interests, its surviving sense of siege, one can see and feel an integrated society.To live in a
18、 tiny town with all the organization of a state, with Viceroy (总督), Premier, Parliament, Press and Pentagon, all in miniature, all within arms reach, is an intensive course in civics. In such an environment, nothing can be hidden, for better or for worse. Ones successes are seen and recognized; ones
19、 failures are immediately exposed. Social consciousness is at its strongest, with the result that there is a constant and firm pressure towards good social behaviour, towards courtesy and kindness. Gibraltar, with all its faults, is the friendliest and most tolerant of places. Straight from the cyni
20、cal anonymity of a big city, we luxuriated in its happy personalism. We look back on it, like all its exiled sons and daughters, with true affection.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following best explains the differences in ways of living between the English and the Gibraltarians?（分数：1.00）A.The family str
21、ucture.B.Religious belief.C.The climate.D.Eating habit.(2).The italicized part in the third paragraph implies that（分数：1.00）A.English working class homes are similar to Gibraltarian ones.B.English working-class homes have spacious sitting-rooms.C.English working-class homes waste a lot of space.D.the
22、 English working-class parlour is intolerable in Gibraltar.(3).We learn from the description of the Gibraltarian home that it is（分数：1.00）A.modern.B.luxurious.C.stark.D.simple.(4).There is a much stronger sense of _ among the Gibraltarians.（分数：1.00）A.togethernessB.survivalC.identityD.leisure(5).Accor
23、ding to the passage, people in Gibraltar tend to be well-behaved because of the following EXCEPT（分数：1.00）A.the entirety of the state structure,B.constant pressure from the state.C.the small size of the town.D.transparency of occurrences.七、TEXT B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)For office innovators, the unrealized dr
24、eam of the paperless office is a classic example of high-tech hubris (傲慢). Todays office drone is drowning in more paper than ever before.But after decades of hype, American offices may finally be losing their paper obsession. The demand for paper used to outstrip the growth of the U. S. economy, bu
25、t the past two or three years have seen a marked slowdown in sales despite a healthy economic scene.Analysts attribute the decline to such factors as advances in digital databases and communication systems. Escaping our craving for paper, however, will be anything but an easy affair.Old habits are h
26、ard to break, says Merilyn Dunn, a communications supplies director. There are some functions that paper serves where a screen display doesnt work. Those functions are both its strength and its weakness. In the early to mid-90s, a booming economy and improved desktop printers helped boost paper sale
27、s by 6 to 7 percent each year. The convenience of desktop printing allowed office workers to indulge in printing anything and everything at very little effort or cost.But now, the growth rate or paper sales in the United States is flattening by about half a percent each year. Between 2004 and 2005,
28、Ms. Dunn says, plain white office paper will see less than a 4 percent growth rate, despite the strong overall economy. A primary reason for the change, says Dunn, is that for the first time ever, some 47 percent of the workforce entered the job market after computers had already been introduced to
29、offices.Were finally seeing a reduction in the amount of paper being used per worker in the workplace, says John Maine, vice president of a pulp and paper economic consulting firm. More information is being transmitted electronically, and more and more people are comfortable with the information res
30、iding only in electronic form without printing multiple backups. In addition, Mr. Maine points to the lackluster employment market for white-collar workers the primary driver of office paper consumption for the shift in paper usage.The real paradigm shift may be in the way paper is used. Since the a
31、dvent of advanced and reliable office-network systems, data storage has moved away from paper archives. The secretarial art of filing is disappearing from job descriptions. Much of todays data may never leave its original digital format.The changing attitudes toward paper have finally caught the att
32、ention of paper companies, says Richard Harper, a researcher at Microsoft. All of a sudden, the paper industry has started thinking, We need to learn more about the behavioural aspects of paper use, he says. They had never asked, theyd just assumed that 70 million sheets would be bought per year as
33、a literal function of economic growth. To reduce paper use, some companies are working to combine digital and paper capabilities. For example, Xerox Corp. is developing electronic paper: thin digital displays that respond to a stylus, like a pen on paper. Notations can be erased or saved digitally.A
34、nother idea, intelligent paper, comes from Anoto Group. It would allow notations made with a stylus on a page printed with a special magnetic ink to simultaneously appear on a computer screen.Even with such technological advances, the improved capabilities of digital storage continue to act against
35、paperlessness, argues Paul Saffo, a technology forecaster. In his prophetic and metaphorical 1989 essay, The Electronic Pinata (彩罐), he suggests that the increasing amounts of electronic data necessarily require more paper.The information industry today is like a huge electronic pinata, composed of
36、a thin paper crust surrounding an electronic core, Mr. Saffo wrote. The growing paper crust is most noticeable, but the hidden electronic core that produces the crust is far larger and growing more rapidly. The result is that we are becoming paperless, but we hardly notice at all. In the same way th
37、at digital innovations have increased paper consumption, Saffo says, so has video conferencing with its promise of fewer in-person meetings boosting business travel.Thats one of the great ironies of the information age , Saffo says. Its just common sense that the more you talk to someone by phone or
38、 computer, it inevitably leads to a face-to-face meeting. The best thing for the aviation industry was the Internet. /（分数：5.00）(1).What function does the second sentence in the first paragraph serve?（分数：1.00）A.It further explains high-tech hubris.B.It confirms the effect of high-tech hubris.C.It off
39、ers a cause for high-tech hubris.D.It offers a contrast to high-tech hubris.(2).Which of the following is NOT a reason for the slowdown in paper sales?（分数：1.00）A.Workforce with better computer skills.B.Slow growth of the U.S. economy.C.Changing patterns in paper use.D.Changing employment trends.(3).
40、The two innovations by Xerox Corp. and Anoto Group feature（分数：1.00）A.integrated use of paper and digital form.B.a shift from paper to digital form.C.the use of computer screen.D.a new style of writing.(4).What does the author mean by irony of the information age?（分数：1.00）A.The dream of the paperless
41、 office will be realized.B.People usually prefer to have face-to-face meetings.C.More digital data use leads to greater paper use.D.Some people are opposed to video-conferencing.(5).What is the authors attitude towards paperlessness?（分数：1.00）A.He reviews the situation from different perspectives.B.H
42、e agrees with some of the people quoted in the passage.C.He has a preference for digital innovations.D.He thinks airlines benefit most from the digital age.八、TEXT C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)When George Orwell wrote in 1941 that England was the most class-ridden country under the sun, he was only partly right.
43、Societies have always had their hierarchies, with some group perched at the top. In the Indian state of Bihar the Ranveer Sena, an upper-caste private army, even killed to stay there.By that measure class in Britain hardly seems entrenched (根深蒂固的). But in another way Orwell was right, and continues
44、to be. As a new YouGov poll shows, Britons are surprisingly alert to class both their own and that of others. And they still think class is sticky. According to the poll, 48% of people aged 30 or over say they expect to end up better off than their parents. But only 28% expect to end up in a differe
45、nt class. More than two-thirds think neither they nor their children will leave the class they were born into.What does this thing that people cannot escape consist of these days? And what do people look at when decoding which class someone belongs to? The most useful identifying markers, according
46、to the poll, are occupation, address, accent and income, in that order. The fact that income comes fourth is revealing: though some of the habits and attitudes that class used to define are more widely spread than they were, class still indicates something less blunt than mere wealth.Occupation is t
47、he most trusted guide to class, but changes in the labour market have made that harder to read than when Orwell was writing. Manual workers have shrunk along with farming and heavy industry as a proportion of the workforce, while the number of people in white-collar jobs has surged. Despite this striking change, when they were asked to place themselves in a class, Brits in 2006 huddled in much the same categories as they did when they were asked in 1949. So, jobs, which were once a fairly reliable guide to class, have become misleading.A survey conducted ear
